Technical Specifications - UNDP

ATLAS 57544 : Construction of Mental Health Center in Nablus City
Technical Specifications
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
LIST OF CONTENTS
SECTION TITLE PAGE
1 GENERAL CONDITIONS 3
2 EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK 8
3 CONCRETE WORK 11
4 NATURAL STONE WORKS 24
5 BLOCKWORK 33
6 ROOFING 36
7 PLASTER WORK 39
8 WALL AND FLOOR TILING WORKS 44
9 CARPPINTARY AND JOINERY 50
10 IRONMONGERY 54
11 METAL WORKS 56
12 PAINTING AND DECORATING 59
13 MECHANICAL WORKS 78
14 ELECTRICAL WORKS 117
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SECTION: 1
GENERAL CONDITIONS
1 General
This specifications are to specify the quality of materials, level of workmanship, and methods to be
followed and respected in executing and maintaining Mental Health Center in Nablus
which is owned by the Ministry of Health, Palestinian National Authority.
2 Drawings
The contractor shall be provided with a list of drawings included in this bid on page A00 of the
drawings file. All expenses burned by the contractor, to execute the conditions included in this section,
on the contractor own cost and his unit rates in the bills of quantity shall be deemed to include all costs
and expenses.
3 Bidding Documents
The bidding documents complete each other and to consider the case which gives the higher quality in
executing as the Engineers decides. The contractor is to consider this when he prices the bill.
The contractor who participates in the bid must return all bidding documents, drawings and addenda
including the pre-bid meeting, signed and stamped from his behalf. If the contractor didn’t return any
of these documents with his offer, the bidding committee has the right to reject his offer.
4 Shop Drawings
If during executing the work or before, the Engineer found that the contractor needs shop drawings to
execute a certain task, the contractor must prepare these drawings and submit them to the Engineer for
approval. The Engineer has the right to instruct the contractor at any time to submit shop drawings,
which the Engineer considers necessary for executing a certain task. The contractor is to abide by this
instruction and don’t proceed with the task before the Engineer approves the shop drawings.
The shop drawings must be fully detailed with a suitable scale and unless otherwise specified be
submitted in four copies and one computer diskette copy (prepared for AutoCAD).
The Engineer has within a reasonable time from receiving the shop drawings approve the drawings. If
the Engineer returns the drawings with notes, the contractor shall adjust the drawings as instructed by
the Engineer and resubmit to the Engineer for approval and he must point out the adjustment made to
the first drawing according to the standard procedure.
5 As- Built Drawings
The contractor, at this own cost, shall adjust the drawing copies with him as necessary during
execution of works. The contractor is required to obtain the Engineers approval on this adjustment.
When the contractor hands over the works, he shall prepare a new set of drawings for the project as
executed with all adjustments (if any) and submit to the Engineer for approval. When the Engineer
approves the As-Built drawings the contractor shall submit one calc copy and two copies and one
computer diskette copy (prepared for AutoCAD) written on it the project name and the phrase “ AS-
‏.”ا لمخططات كما تم تنفيذها BUILT DRAWINGS
The final payment to the contractor shall be paid according to the works actually executed as
recorded in the AS-BUILT drawings mentioned above.
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6 Scaffolding
The contractor shall provide, erect and maintain the needed scaffoldings to execute the works of this
project. Upon completion the contractor shall remove them. The contractor is to take all the necessary
safety measures related to these scaffoldings and repair any damages caused by the scaffoldings to the
permanent works during the execution period.
7 Protection Of Works
The contractor, in the course of completing his obligation according to contract conditions, is to
protect and maintain the existing borders of the area (steel angles). In case they are moved or
removed, because of the contractor usage of his equipment or any other reason, the contractor is
return these angles to its correct position as per the coordinate provided by the Engineer. The
contractor is to cover and protect the works from the climatic conditions or misuse or negligence …
etc, by providing proper barrier, covers according to the Engineer’s approval. The contractor, at his
own expenses, shall repair any damages to the works caused by his negligence, or not fulfilling his
obligation, according to the Engineer’s instruction and satisfaction.
8 Materials And Its Equivalent
All materials and goods must be according to technical specification. In no instance will
environmentally harmful products, such as asbestos, dangerous wood varnishes, etc. be used.
The contractor is to submit the specification and description of the materials that he intends to supply
with all necessary information to the Engineer to investigate before supplying. These information
include, but not limited to, trade name, manufacturer address and the contractor is to submit samples
if asked by the Engineer.
Wherever a trade name or catalogue number to any material or any item of work in the specification
or bills of quantities or drawings, this is necessary to specify the level of specification required. The
contractor can suggest alternatives for these materials provided it is with the same level of
specification, and to obtain the Engineers approval.
When an alternative material, other than mentioned in the contract, is approved and it was not in the
same level of specification, the Engineer has the right to make suitable deduction to the unit rate of
these materials. No increase to the contractor prices should be made if better materials were provided
(compared to the required specification).
Wherever, in the bills of quantity or specification or drawings, a trade name is mentioned or
materials known by its manufacturer company or distributing company or catalogue number, it is to
be automatically understood that the required is these materials or equivalent even if the phrase “or
equivalent” is not mentioned.
9 Samples
The contractor must be always ready to submit samples for materials and workmanship according to
Engineer’s instruction. The Engineer shall test and inspect these samples to determine its compliance
with the technical specification and contract documents. The contractor shall execute the works
according to the accepted samples and following conditions :-
1. The cost of all samples shall be burned by the contractor.
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2. The contractor is to submit samples before a reasonable time of starting the work to give the
Engineer time to inspect the samples and make the required tests.
3. The samples shall be submitted with a letter containing all the needed information to obtain
the Engineers approval.
4. The samples shall be kept at the Engineers office in the site.
10 Materials’ Testing
The Engineer has the right to ask the contractor to accompany the required materials with a testing
certificate from the source either from the manufacturer or a laboratory approved by the Engineer.
The Engineer has the right to test samples from any material supplied to the site, and whenever
needed, either in the lab specified by the Engineer inside the country or outside. Any materials that
don’t pass the test shall be rejected.
The contractor is to make for the Engineer and his assistants all necessary assistance and services to
test the materials brought to site and taking samples and checking measurements and weighs and
provides on his own expenses whatever need from labour, tools, materials …etc.
11 The Construction specified For The Use Of The Supervision Staff
The cost of the offices for the Engineer’s use shall be included in the contractor’s prices in the bills
of quantity as described in the tender documents and conditions “ Condition Of Contract - Part II
(Special conditions), Clause 8.1.
The contractor should complete constructing the Engineer and inspectors offices within 30 days of
receiving the order to start works, and during this period, the contractor must provide temporary
movable offices for the use of the Engineer and supervision staff. If the contractor didn’t provide the
above or didn’t provide the required services, the Engineer has the right to deduct a penalty of US$
60/day for every day the contractor delays in providing the above. The Engineer shall also has the
right to provide these services and needs on the contractor expenses. And all sums shall be deducted
from the contractor payment and insurance whatever sum it reach.
The contractor shall during the execution of works provides all the required services for the abovementioned
offices including maintenance, cleaning, keeping and guarding the offices and its content
at all times.
The contractor shall be responsible for all the costs of the needed services of the Engineer and
inspectors offices and their maintenance including electricity, water, telephone, cleaning the sewage
pit, providing drinking water and all needed papers, books, files ,… for the works according to
Engineer’s approval.
The required offices shall be erected in the place approved by the Engineer, and shall shall stay
during the execution of the works and afterwards shall becomes the property of the school. The
contractor must hand it over in a good condition without any construction or architectural defects.
12 Temporary Construction For The Contractor’s Use
The contractor must ,from the day of the order to start works, has an existence in the site in a
movable or temporary office for the use of his staff to receive the Engineer’s instruction when
needed. The office shall be in the size suitable for the contractor’s needs and requirements and he
must obtain the prior approval of the Engineer on this office.
The warehouses needed for the contractor use sufficient to store all construction materials needed for
the project including equipment and tools. These warehouses must have all the conditions required
to protect the materials from the environmental conditions.
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The contractor shall be responsible to guard and maintain all the above-mentioned temporary
constructions that is used by the contractor. He shall also be responsible to provide the required
services for these constructions.
The contractor shall bear all the costs of constructing these temporary constructions.
13 Removing The Temporary Constructions
All temporary constructions for the contractor use shall be kept in all times in a good condition until
all stages of works are completed and finally handed over. Afterwards, the contractor shall remove
all these constructions and its residuals and cleaning its locations properly so that they leave no
trace. If the contractor didn’t fulfill this obligation, the Engineer has the right to execute these tasks
on the contractor’s account and deduct all the expenses from the contractor’s payment and insurance
with the owner, whatever sum it reach without any legal procedure.
14 Temporary And Permanent Services
The contractor shall ,at his own expense, redirect public services if exist (like electricity, water, …)
which he found during work and according to Engineer’s directions and approval. If existing
services is connected to or related to or related to the works, the contractor shall maintain and keep
in place until handing over the works.
The contractor shall, on his own cost, repair any damages to the public services like telephone,
electrical , sewage and water services for the concerned authorities or a third party.
If the concerned authority or the third party decided to repair the damages by itself, or asking any of
its representatives to do so, the contractor shall born the cost of these repairs don by the concerned
authority or the third party. The owner, according to the contract conditions, shall not be responsible
for any claims for such actions.
15 Contradiction In The Contract Documents
The contract documents completes each other and in case of contradiction or ambiguity in the
contract documents the contractor shall raise it to the Engineer’s attention. The Engineer shall make
the appropriate decision and inform the contractor. In case of contradiction or ambiguity, as
mentioned above, the contractor price shall be as recorded in the bills of quantities. In case any
material or work needed to execute the works is not mentioned in the bills of quantities, the
contractor has to execute these materials or works and their cost shall be deemed to be automatically
included in the contractor’s price for the related item. The contractor has no right to claim any
differences as a result of this.
16 Site Meetings
During executing the works and on a periodical base, site meetings shall be held every 2 weeks or
whenever needed for the purposes to coordinate the works and to be sure that it is properly executed
according to contract conditions and technical specification. Minutes of the meetings shall be
prepared by the Engineer or his representative and distributed to all parties and it shall be followed.
The contractor shall present in the meeting detailed of the works intended to be executed in the next
two weeks, which shall be discussed and proper instruction shall be given, and these instructions and
approval issued in the meeting shall be followed by the contractor.
17 Daily Reports
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The contractor shall submit to the Engineer (or his representative) a daily report containing the
required information on the labour (No.s & types), equipment and materials arrived to the site and
works executed in that day.
18 Photographs Of Progress of Works
The contractor at his own expense shall submit once a month, or as the Engineers find suitable,
suitable number of colored photographs in 3 copies (size 10x15 cm) for the executed works or works
under progress as directed by the Engineer. The original film negative and all copies shall be the
ownership of the owner, and the photos can’t be use without his approval.
19 Work Schedule
The contractor shall prepare (in 3 copies) and submit schedule of the work including all tasks of the
subcontractors any works in the contract condition. The contractor shall keep a copy in his site office
and submit 2 copies to the Engineer.
The contractor has to make monthly (or as the Engineers see necessary) adjustment to the schedule
according to site conditions and progress of works. Two copies of the revised schedule shall be
submitted to the Engineer.
20 Handing Over Works And Removing Residuals
The contractor must hand over all works clean and insure removing all materials or construction
residuals or rejected materials or remains in the site in general or in the buildings or nearby. The
completion of the works as explained here shall be on the contractor’s expense and according to the
Engineer’s approval. If the contractor didn’t fulfill this obligation, the Engineer has the right to
execute these works on the contractor expense and deduct it from the contractor payments or
insurance.
21 Measurement Of Works
The Engineering measurement shall be made for all works, all openings and intersection shall be
deducted. Actual net distances shall be calculated but not exceeding the measurement reported in the
drawings.
22 Codes And Standards
Where ever B.S. is mentioned it should be read as follows:-
All building materials and equipment should be registered with an international recognized norm
institution or correspond to an international recognized norm. The standards used shall be DIN, ISO,
B.S. or approved equivalent.
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1 Datum And Nature Of Excavation
SECTION: 2
EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK
The Contractor shall be responsible for setting up and maintaining a site datum level. 'Zero' datum
shall be given on the site by the Engineer, unless otherwise noted on the Drawings.
Information pertaining to the nature of the ground may be given to the contractor, when available,
but without any guarantee of correctness or accuracy.
2 Setting Out
Each Benchmark (B.M.) or centerline for the building and/or other constructions to be under this
contract, shall be properly set out by the Contractor as shown on the Drawings and inspected and
approved by the Engineer prior to commencing excavations.
3 Surface Leveling
All earth works on Site shall be completed before any fill is deposited. Excavations over areas of
Site or filling with approved material shall be carried out where required to the levels shown on the
Drawings or to such other levels as may be directed by the Engineer.
4 Size And Depth Of Excavation
Excavation shall be cut to the size of the foundation shown on the Drawings and taken down to the
foundation levels shown on the Drawings. If, without the Engineer's written instructions, the
Contractor goes down below the foundation level specified, he shall fill up the part so excavated
with concrete of the same type and grade as that required for the piles as defined in Concrete Works
and the Bill of Quantities at his own expense.
5 Shoring Excavations And Dewatering
The sides of excavations shall be supported as necessary to maintain a vertical face and/or to prevent
caving-in of any nature, especially during subsequent operations. The Contractor shall be responsible
for the design, supply, fixing, safety and removal of all planking, strutting and shoring required to
the side of the excavation. The Contractor is responsible on the type and nature or soil to be
excavated; also he is to use any equipment, including dewatering equipment, to carry out the work
required by this Contract.
6 Types Of Excavations
Excavations shall be classified according to the nature of the materials to be removed either as
excavation in rock or as excavation in earth. Excavation in rock shall be classified as including all
excavations in hard and consolidated materials which cannot be removed by normal excavation tools
and equipment, and which require drilling or other special means for their removal. All excavation
which is not in rock shall be defined as excavation in earth.
7 Required Bearing Capacity
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer and obtain instructions if the required bearing capacity:
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(1) is obtained at a lesser depth than that shown on the drawings.
(2) is not obtained at the depth shown on the drawings.
Excavation bottoms are to be approved before new work is laid on them. The Contractor is to inform
the Engineer when excavations are ready for inspection. If, after approval, surfaces become
unsuitable due to flooding or other causes, the Contractor shall excavate further, backfill with
approved filling material and compact to approval at no extra cost to the owner.
Should the soil condition, after the Engineer has been informed the excavations are ready for
inspection, be such that the Engineer deems it necessary to carry out tests, the Contractor shall
perform such tests to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Any expenses incurred in the performance of
such tests are deemed to be included by the Contractor in his tender.
8 Preparation And Inspection Of Excavation
All excavations shall be kept free of water arising from whatever source, and shall be properly
cleaned out of all loose and foreign matter, leveled and rammed. The Contractor is to report to the
Engineer when excavations are ready for inspection and all excavations are to be approved before
any further work is done.
9 Filling
All filling materials shall be approved by the Engineer before being placed in position.
Approved earth, sand, or any other suitable material free from rubbish shall be used to make up
levels as shown on the Drawings. The material shall be placed in successive layers each having
a finished thickness not exceeding 250mm before compaction, watered and compacted to at
least 98% compaction ratio of the maximum dry density of the Modified Proctor test ( ASTM
D-1557) prior to the placement of the succeeding layer.
Any exposed side or edge of fill shall be properly and evenly graded to a slope as directed or
specified. When the required quantities of approved fill are not found on Site the Contractor
shall, at his own expense, obtain them from locations approved by the Engineer.
Filling to make up levels under building shall be executed with approved suitable material from
existing ground levels up to underside of ground floor slab, and shall be be placed in successive
layers each having a finished thickness not exceeding 250mm, watered and compacted to at
least 98% compaction ratio of the maximum dry density of the Modified Proctor test ( ASTM
D-1557) prior to the placement of the succeeding layer.
The ground surrounding the building and pavements shall be filled with approved material, fine
sand and coarse materials, free of foreign materials, debris, clay lumps, organic and vegetation.
a) Coarse materials :
Such as sandy gravel, gravelly sand, …etc., which is the material retained on sieve no. 4, and
consists of crushed rock. It shall be clean, hard, tough and free from deleterious substance.
b) Fine Sand Materials
Shall consist of that portion of the total aggregate/fines passes no.4 sieve, such as sand, silty
sand,…etc.
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The fill materials shall consists of the combination of coarse and fine sand and conform to the
following grading:
Sieve Size 1/ 2 " 3/8" # 4 # 10 # 30 # 60
# 200
% 90-100 80-90 58-72 42-50 28-38 8-18 2-5
70-100 60-85 50-75 30-60 20-40 10-25 0-10
Pass 100 90-100 65-85 35-45 20-30 15-30 3-8
The fine sand shall conform to the following grading:-
Sieve Size # 4 # 30 # 60 #
200
% 100 80-100 30-50 4-8
90-100 80-90 20-30 0-10
Pass 100 90-100 40-90 5-15
In addition, shall conform to the following physical requirements:
- Minimum CBR 35 % Coarse materials, Kurkar
25 % Fine sand, Sand
10 Disposal Of Surplus Material
All surplus excavated material not used in backfilling or leveling shall be loaded and transported
elsewhere on the Site as required by the Engineer or, if not required on the Site, shall be loaded
and carted away from the Site to a dump to be selected by the Contractor and approved by the
Municipality at the Contractor's own expense.
All rubbish arising from the Works shall be cleared away and removed from the Site as it
accumulates according to the Engineer's instructions and also on completion of the Works.
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SECTION: 3
1 General
CONCRETE WORK
All materials shall be subject to such tests as the Engineer may direct and provision for such tests
shall be included in the price for such materials inserted in the Bill of Quantities or Schedule of
Rates unless otherwise provided for. In case such tests required by the Engineer, an independent
and officialy othorized lab shall carry out such tests and sampling.
Properly representative samples of all materials to be used in the works shall be submitted by the
Contractor for the Engineer's approval when required.
Where tests are required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall take samples and send to a firm
experienced in analysis of the material. Reports shall be submitted to the Engineer. The Contractor
shall bear all expenses consequent to the provision, taking and cartage, etc. of samples, in addition
to the costs of performing the tests and reporting the results.
The Engineer reserves the right to reject any material which, in his opinion is objectionable in any
respect, not withstanding its apparent compliance with the relevant Standards. Any such rejected
material shall be removed from the site at the Contractor's expense at once.
2 Formwork for Concrete
The Contractor shall supply, design, erect, strike and remove the formwork and be entirely
responsible for its stability and safety so that it will carry the fresh concrete and all incidental
loadings and preserve it from damage and distortion during its placing, vibration, ramming, setting
and curing. It shall be so constructed as to leave the finished concrete to the dimensions shown on
the Drawings and of a material capable of providing the surface finish specified. In any event, the
maximum permissible deflection under all loads shall not exceed 2mm or 1/600 of the free span,
whichever is less.
Formwork shall be of timber and / or metal and shall include all temporary concrete moulds and
their supports. Bolts to be used for fixing the formwork shall be approved by the Engineer before
staring the work.
For concrete surfaces, which are to remain, exposed wrought formwork shall be used. Wrought
formwork shall be of timber or steel framing lined with 12mm thick smooth-faced plywood or an
equal lining approved by the Engineer, or of metal , suitable to obtain a fair face finish on the
concrete. All external angles or fair faced in-site concrete shall have chamfers formed with
15x15mm (5/8"x5/8") wrought hardwood angle fillets planted in the angles of the formwork ,
unless larger chamfers are shown on the drawings.
Formwork ready to receive concrete shall be thoroughly clean and the internal faces properly
painted with approved shutter oil or other preparation. Joints shall be tight to prevent leakage.
Wherever required and prior to placing of the reinforcement the internal surfaces of all formwork
shall be treated with an approved mould oil.
All formwork shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer prior to concreting. This approval,
however, does not relieve the Contractor of any of his responsibilities.
The striking of all formwork shall be carried out with the greatest of care to avoid damage to
concrete .
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The formwork to vertical surfaces such as walls, columns and sides of beams may be removed in
accordance with the table below although care must be taken to avoid damage to the concrete,
especially to arrisses and features .
Minimum periods in days for striking other formwork should be in accordance with the following
table, or as directed by the Engineer
Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete
Slabs 3
(props left under)
Beam soffits 7
(props left under)
Props to slabs 7
Props to beams 16
Vertical surfaces as walls,
columns and sides of beams 1
Formwork, shuttering, props, or any other means of temporary or semi-permanent support shall
not be removed from the concrete until the concrete is sufficiently strong to carry safely the load
(dead and temporary).
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer when he is ready to strike the formwork , or remove any
form of temporary support , and shall obtain his written consent before proceeding .
The times given for the removal of props are based on the assumption that the total live plus dead
weight to be supported at the time of removal is not more than one half of the total design load .
For horizontal members where the loading is to be a higher proportion of the total design load
these times may need to be increased.
The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage to the concrete work caused by or arising from
the removal and striking of the forms and supports Any advice , permission or approval by the
Engineer relative to the removal and striking of forms and supports shall not relieve the Contractor
from this responsibility .
Any work showing signs of damage through premature loading is to be entirely reconstructed at
the Contractor's expense.
The Contractor shall confirm positions and details of all
(a) permanent fixings
(b) pipes and conduit
(c) holes and chases
to ensure that alterations are not made without the knowledge and approval of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall fix inserts or box out as required to correct positions before placing concrete
, and shall form all holes and chases . He shall not cut hardened concrete without approval.
3 Reinforcement for Concrete
Steel reinforcement shall generally be hot rolled mild , medium or high yield steel smooth round
or deformed bars complying with BS 4449 or similar approved standard .
In case any other type of reinforcement is required , it shall comply with the requirements of the
Particular Specification .
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All reinforcement shall be free from rust and mill scale and any coating such as oil, clay, paint etc
which might impair the bond with the concrete.
Manufacturer's test certificates for all classes of reinforcement shall be supplied when required.
Specimens sufficient for three tensile tests and three cold-bending tests per ten tons of bars or
fraction thereof and for each different size of bar shall be sampled under the supervision of the
Engineer . Testing shall be in accordance with BS 4449 or other approved standard and batches
shall be rejected if the average results for each batch are not in accordance with the specification.
All tests should be made on the Contractor's expense.
All steel is to be totally free from dirt , paint , loose rust or scale when in position ready for
concreting .
The Contractor shall cut and bend bars to BS 4466 and to schedule provided unless otherwise
instructed by the Engineer.
Straight sections of bars must be kept out of winding. The internal radius of bends shall in no case
be less than four times the diameter of the bar, except for stirrups, column binders, and wall shear
bars which are to be bent to fit closely around the main bars .
Great care is to be taken to bend stirrups and columns binders separately and to the sizes shown.
All bars will be cut and bent cold using approved machines .
Lengthening of bars by welding , and rebinding of incorrectly bent bars will not be permitted ,
except where requested by the Engineer .
The Contractor shall provide on site facilities for hand bending to deal with minor adjustments.
Unless otherwise allowed for in the particular specification splices in reinforcing bars shall be
formed by lapping . Such laps in bars in any member shall be staggered. Except as otherwise
indicated on the drawings the minimum overlap of lapped splices shall be 50 bar diameters or
400mm whichever is greater .
The steel is to be fixed in position exactly as indicated, and the bars are to be securely wired
together with 1.6 or 1.4mm soft iron wire or approved spring steel clips wherever necessary to
prevent any displacement during concreting.
Spacers, chairs and the like , temporary or permanent , are to be used as required to ensure that the
steel has the exact amount of cover indicated . No permanent spacers, may show on a surface
where a fair faced concrete finish or a brushed aggregate finish are required. Type of spacers shall
be approved by the Engineer before starting the work.
Unless otherwise indicated, the minimum cover to the reinforcing bars is to be as listed below, or
equal to the diameter of the bar, whichever is greater.
Position
Minimum cover - mm
Main bars in internal faces of
columns and beams 25
Main bars in external faces of
columns and beams 30
Main bars in floor slabs and
soffits of roof slabs 20
Main bars in top of roof slabs 20
Outermost bars in internal faces
of walls 20
Outermost bars in external faces of
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of walls 25
Bars in top of ground slabs 20
Bars near faces in contact with soil 40
The placing of all reinforcement will be checked by the Engineer and in no case is concrete to be
poured around any steel that has not been passed by him. The Contractor is to ensure that no steel
is displaced from its position during the placement of concrete and until the concrete is set.
The insertion of bars into or removal of bars from concrete already placed will not be permitted.
Reinforcement temporarily left projecting from the concrete at the joints shall not be bent without
the prior approval of the Engineer.
Secondary reinforced concrete members for which no reinforcement details are given in the
drawings or the Particular Specifications shall have a minimum ratio of reinforcement area to
concrete area of 0.33 % .
4 Concreting
Cement
The cement used shall be Portland Cement conforming in all respects to ASTM Standard
Specification C150 , type 1 , or to BS 12 , unless otherwise required , bags shall contain
50kg net + 1% .
If cements other than the above are required they shall be covered fully by the Particular
Specification.
The Contractor shall at all times furnish the Manufacturer's statement of the above Standard
Specifications together with the date of manufacture, certified by an independent agency in the
country of origin approved by the Engineer .
The cement shall be delivered to the site by the Contractor in the original sealed and branded bags
or containers of the manufacturer in batches not exceeding 100 tons and shall be stored in a proper
manner off the ground to prevent deterioration . Each batch shall be stacked separately and used in
the order of delivery. No cement shall be used which has been manufactured more than twelve
months prior to its proposed use on site .
All cements whether stored in bulk, bags, or containers in warehouses or on site shall be sampled
for testing according to ASTM C183 (Methods of Sampling Hydraulic Cements). Test samples
over and above those specified shall be taken at any time if so requested by the Engineer. Testing
of cement shall be in accordance with the methods required by ASTM C150 and C175 or BS 12 or
any other accepted by the Engineer .
Aggregates
This specification covers fine and coarse aggregates other than lightweight aggregates for use in
the production of concrete.
When lightweight aggregates are required they shall be defined in the Particular Specification.
The aggregates shall be crushed gravel or stone and shall comply with BS 882 for graded or
single size aggregate and shall be obtained from any quarry in the mountains approved by the
Engineer . For convenience part of Clause 5 of BS 882 (grading) including Tables 1 , 2 and 3 are
reproduced herein .
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Coarse aggregate : the grading of coarse aggregate , when analyzed by the method given for sieve
analysis in BS 812 shall be within the limits given in Table 1 .
Fine aggregate : the grading of a fine aggregate , when analyzed by the method of sieve analysis
described in BS 812 , shall be within the limits of one of the grading zones given in Table 2 ,
except that a total tolerance of up to 5 per cent may be applied to the percentages under-lined. This
tolerance may be split up ; for example , it could be 1 per cent on each of three sieves and 2 per
cent on another , or 4 per cent on one sieve and 1 per cent on another .
The fine aggregate shall be described as fine aggregate of the grading zone into which it falls ,
e.g. BS 882, Grading Zone 1 .
NOTE : It is intended that individual zones should not be specified in contract documents relating
to concrete but that the concrete mixes should be modified to make the best use of the materials
readily available .
If approved by the Engineer . Single-sized aggregate to BS 882 Table 1 may only be used for
reinforced concrete when combined in two or more sizes to provide a well-graded mixture
approved by the Engineer.
Sampling and testing of aggregates shall be as required by BS 882 and in accordance with BS 812
'Methods for Sampling and Testing of Mineral Aggregates , Sands and Fillers' . All sampling shall
be done by or under the supervision of the Engineer .
The combined percentage of sulphates and chlorides by weight in coarse and fine aggregates shall
not exceed 0.05 per cent (500ppm) of the combined weight of total aggregates.
Just before use the aggregate will be washed down with potable water to reduce the content of
sulphates , chlorides and other extraneous material .
Table 1 : Coarse Aggregate
BS 410
Percentage by weight passing BS sieves
Test Sieve Nominal size of
Nominal size of
Graded aggregate
Single-sized aggregate
mm 400mm to 200mm to 14mm to 63mm 40mm 20mm 14mm 14mm
5mm 5mm 5mm
75.0 100 -- -- 100 -- -- -- --
63.0 -- -- -- 85-100 100 -- -- --
37.5 95-100 100 -- 0-30 85-100 100 -- --
20.0 35-70 95-100 100 0-5 0-25 85-100 100 --
14.0 -- -- 90-100 -- -- 0 85-100 100
10.0 10-40 30-60 50-85 -- 0-5 0-25 0-50 85-100
5.0 0-5 0-10 0-10 -- -- 0-5 0-10 0-25
2.36 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0-25
Table 2 : Fine Aggregate
BS 410
Percentage by weight passing BS sieves
Test Sieve Grading Zone 1 Grading Zone 2 Grading Zone 3 Grading Zone 4
mm
15

10.00 100 100 100 100
5.00 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100
2.36 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100
1.18 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100
microns
600 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100
300 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
150 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15
Handling Aggregates
The choice and preparation of sites for stockpiling of aggregates, the number and sizes of stockpiles
and the methods adopted to prevent segregation of component sizes shall be agreed with the
Engineer .
Coarse aggregate shall be stockpiled in three separate gradings: 38-19mm, 19-10mm, 10-5mm .
When aggregates of different gradings are stockpiled close together the stockpiles shall be separated
by bulkheads .
Stockpiles are to be on concrete or other hard surface sufficiently sloped so that water is not retained
in the base of the stockpiles.
All aggregates are to be handled from the stockpile in such a manner as to secure a typical grading of
the material , care being taken to avoid crushing the aggregates and contamination with extraneous
matter .
Aggregates need not be stockpiled when a crushing-screening plant is used in tandem with a
batching plant properly equipped with several bins for different sized aggregates having the
appropriate weighing scales at such bin such that a mix of the desired gradation is obtained
consistently and the whole operation is conducted to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Water
Unless otherwise authorized in writing by the Engineer, only water from potable supply system may
be used for mixing concrete and other products containing cement.
Similarly only potable water may be used for curing concrete and cement products during the first 24
hours after pouring . Later, fresh water, or other water containing not more than 4750 ppm dissolved
solids of which not more than 1000 ppm may be chlorides, may be used for curing.
No additives of any kind shall be used in the concrete without the express approval in writing of the
Engineer.
Quality Of Concrete
Concrete shall be a mixture of cement. aggregates and water as covered respectively by 4.01 to
4.23 above .
Where air-entrainment is required , the method to be used shall be specified in the Particular
Specification .
The mix proportions , workability and strengths of the various types of concrete shall conform to
Table 4 .
16

The terms contained in Table 4 are defined as follows: WATER/CEMENT RATIO : the term
water/cement ratio means the ratio by weight of the water to the cement in the mix , expressed as a
decimal fraction . The water is that which is free to combine with the cement in the mix .This
includes free water in the aggregate but excludes water absorbed or to be absorbed by the aggregate .
The aggregate for this purpose shall be taken in a saturated surface-dry condition .
The absorption of the aggregates shall be determined in accordance with Section 4 of BS 812 or any
other method approved by the Engineer.
The strengths specified are for ordinary Portland cement to BS 12 or Type 1 Cement to ASTM
C150; if other types of cement are specified, the required strength shall be defined in the Particular
Specificatio
Table 3 : Mix Proportions , Workability and Strength
Grades of Concrete
Minimum Works cube
Strength, kg/cm2
Limits of agg. /
Cement ration by
weight
Max.
Use of concrete if not
Grade
Agg,
otherwise specified
At 28 mm
At 7 days
Max. Min.
days
(A) 150 200 20 7:1 5:1 RC structures in general
B-200 150 200 37 8:1 6:1 RC Foundations
(B) 175 250 20 5.5:1 4:1 High load columns
B-250 175 250 37 6.5:1 4.5:1 High load foundations
( C) 200 300 20 5:1 3:1 High load columns
B-300 200 300 37 5:1 3:1 High load foundations
100 150 20 10:1 8:1 Plain concrete foundations
(D)
B-150
Blinding layer under RC
100 150 37 10:1 8:1
Found.
(E) 75 100 20 14:0 12:1 Mass lean
B-100 75 100 37 14:1 12:1 Concrete filling
Grade
of
Concr
ete
Table 4 : Mix Proportions , Workability and Strength
Standard Mixes
Minimum Weight of
Weight of dry sand per 50 k of cement
works Cube dry sand
Workability
Strength per 50 kg of
Kg/cm2 cement 20mm max. size 37mm max. size
7 days 28 days Low Med. High Low Med. High
kg kg kg kg kg kg kg
Max.
design
W/C
ratio
B-200 150 200 91 193 159 136 226 193 170 0.55
B-250 175 250 80 170 136 113 204 170 147 0.50
B-300 200 300 68 147 113 91 170 136 113 0.45
Table 5 : Mix Proportions , Workability and Strength
Workability
17

Degree of
Workability
20 mm Max. size
aggregate
Slump Compacting
mm Factor
37 mm Max. size
aggregate
Slump Compacting
mm Factor
Low 13-25 0.82-0.88 13-50 0.82-0.88
Medium 25-50 0.88-0.94 50-101 0.88-0.94
High 50-127 0.94-0.97 101-117 0.94-0.97
Use for which Concrete is suitable
Simple reinforced sections with
vibration
Heavily reinforced sections with
vibration
Sections with heavily congested
reinforcement where vibration is
difficult
In case cylinders are used for determination of concrete compressive strength in accordance with
ASTM C 39, the corresponding cube strength shall be obtained by using a multiplication factor of
1.2 .
AGGREGATE/CEMENT RATIO : the term aggregate/cement ratio means the ratio by weight of
aggregate to cement in the mix. For this purpose the aggregate is taken in a saturated surface-dry
condition as for the water/cement ratio above .
FINE/TOTAL AGGREGATE RATIO : the term fine/total aggregate ratio means the ratio by weight
of the fine aggregate to the total aggregate in the mix expressed as a percentage . For this
purpose the aggregate is also taken in a saturated surface-dry condition as for the water/cement ratio
above .
VOLUME OF AIR ENTRAINED : the air content expressed as a percentage by volume of concrete
shall be determined by ASTM C231, 'Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure
Method ' . At least one test for each 120 cubic metres of concrete shall be made .
SLUMP : the slump of the freshly mixed concrete shall be determined in accordance with Part 2 of
BS 1881 or ASTM C143 . At least one morning and one afternoon test shall be made and
whenever directed by the Engineer .
STRENGTH OF CONCRETE : Preliminary Test Cubes shall be taken from the trial mixes
designed to select the job mix and shall be made and tested in accordance with Parts 3 and 4 of BS
1881 .
SAMPLING FOR COMPLIANCE TESTING : Works Test Cubes shall be those used for control
during construction and shall be made and tested in accordance with BS 5328 PART 4:1990.
Recommended Miniumn Rates Sampling
Average Rate o Sampling One Sample Maximum quantity of concrete at risk
( 6 cubes) per
under any one decision
10 m3 or 10 batches 40 m3
20 m3 or 20 batches 80 m3
50 m3 or 50 batches 200 m3
18

The Contractor when tendering having knowledge of the source and types of cement, aggregate ,
plant and method of placing he intends to use shall allow for the aggregate/cement ratio and
water/cement ratio which he considers will achieve the strength requirements specified and will
produce a workability which will enable the concrete to be properly compacted to its full depth and
finished to the dimensions and within the tolerances shown on the Drawings and required by the
Particular Specification . In any event the aggregate/cement ratio and the water/cement ratio shall
not exceed the upper limits specified in Table 4 for each type of concrete. Furthermore, the quantity
of cement per cubic meter of concrete shall in no case be less than the minimum specified in Table 4
.
As soon as possible after signature of the Contract , the Contractor shall prepare such trial mixes as
required to satisfy the Engineer that the specified concrete strengths will be obtained using the
materials and mix proportions in accordance with the above clauses. The proportion of cement shall
be increased if necessary to obtain the strengths required.
From each trial mix, six Preliminary Test Cubes shall be made and tested at 7 days and four at 28
days, the test at 7 days being intended to give and early indication of possible variation from the
required strength . If the difference between the highest and lowest test results from any one trial mix
is more than 15 per cent of the average of the strength test results, the test is to be discarded and a
further trial mix made , unless all test results so obtained are above the required strength . Separate
trial mixes are required for each type of concrete. The trial mix or mixes agreed by the Engineer
shall be designated job mixes and used as a basis for actual concrete production.
Batching And Mixing Of Concrete
All concrete shall be batched by weight and mixed mechanically. Hand mixing shall not be allowed
except only upon the written permission of the Engineer .
Concrete may either be batched and mixed on site or outside the site and transported thereto
When mixed outside the site and transported to it, batching and mixing shall be in accordance with
ASTM Specification C94 , 'Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete' .
When mixed on site , batching and mixing shall be as follows :
BATCHING BY WEIGHT: The cement and each size of aggregate shall be measured by weight.
The water may be measured by weight or volume . The weight-batching machines used shall be of a
type approved by the Engineer and shall be kept in good condition while in use on the
Works. Checks are to be made as required by the Engineer to determine that the weighing
devices are registering correctly.
BATCHING AGGREGATE BY VOLUME: When batching aggregates by volume is allowed as
and when required, the cement shall be batched by weight and the water by weight or volume. Each
size of aggregate shall be measured in metallic containers the depth of which is at least equal to their
greatest width. The containers shall be of such shape that their volume can be easily checked by
measurement.
MIXING CONCRETE: the location of the batching and mixing plant shall be agreed with the
Engineer.
The amount of concrete mixed in any one batch is not to exceed the rated capacity of the mixer .The
whole of the batch is to be removed before materials for a fresh batch enter the drum.
On cessation of work, including all stoppages exceeding 20 minutes, the mixers and all handling
plant shall be washed with clean mixing water. If old concrete deposits remain in the mixer drum ,
they shall be rotated with clean aggregate and water prior to production of new concrete .
19

Concrete mixed as above is not to be modified by the addition of water or in any other manner to
facilitate handling or for any other reason.
Work In Cold Or Hot Weather
Concrete is not to be mixed or placed at a shade air temperature below 2 deg .C on a rising
thermometer or at a shade air temperature below 3 deg .C on a falling thermometer.
When the shade air temperature is 37 deg .C and rising, special precautions shall be taken during
concerting operations, such as shading of the aggregates and plant , cooling of the mixing water or
other methods approved by the Engineer, so that the temperatures of the concrete when placed shall
not be in excess of 39 deg .C .
Fresh concrete placed at these temperatures shall be shaded from the direct rays of the sun to the
satisfaction of the Engineer for a period of at least 24 hours .
Placing
Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to its final position in any suitable manner , provided
there is no segregation , loss of ingredients or contamination.
It shall be placed in its final position before initial setting takes place and within 20 minutes of the
addition of the water to the mixer without using any additives. In case additives will be used, the
manufacturer specifications of such additives must be handed over to the Engineer to be approved
before using it.
The order of placing concrete shall be such as to prevent water from collecting at the ends , corners
and along the faces of froms . It shall not be placed in large quantities at a given point and
allowed to run or be worked over a long distance in the form .
Whenever possible concrete shall be placed and compacted in even layers with each batch
adjoining the previous one .
The thickness of the layers shall be between 150 and 300mm for reinforced concrete and up to
450mm for plain (non -reinforced ) concrete, the thickness depending on the width of forms, the
amount of reinforcement and the need to place each layer before the previous one stiffens .
Concrete shall not be allowed to drop freely for more than 2 meters. To convey the concrete as near
as possible to its final position, drop chutes of rubber or metal shall be used for small sections and
bottom dump buckets or other suitable vessels for large sections.
Concrete shall be carefully compacted when placed to ensure a dense and uniform mass free from
air holes and cavities . Concrete type "A" , "B"& "C" shall be compacted by vibration , whereas type
'D' and 'E' concrete may be vibrated or rammed , tamped and rodded . Vibration shall be performed
by mechanical or electro -mechanical vibrators . The vibrators shall be of the plunger (poker) type
for insertion in the concrete: except that plate type vibrators ( external ) shall be used if requested by
the Engineer .
The plunger (poker) type vibratos shall have a diameter compatible with the lowest spacing of
reinforcement, a sufficiently high frequency and be properly handled by experienced personnel .
They hall be immersed at regular intervals close enough to vibrate all of the concrete ,
but not too close to affect previously vibrated and partially set concrete . Each immersion shall
continue until shortly after air bubbles cease to appear on the surface of the concrete, but shall not
20

last more than 30 seconds. The vibrators shall be withdrawn gradually and vertically to ensure that
no air pockets are formed.
When external vibrators are used as directed by the Engineer , they shall be clamped to the forms
whenever possible to avoid large impact during handling , and the forms shall be so constructed as to
withstand the additional vibrations .
All vibrations , compaction and finishing operations shall be completed within 15 minutes from the
time of placing the concrete in its final position . Until it has hardened sufficiently to carry weight
without distortion, workers shall not be allowed to walk over freshly placed concrete .
Concreting of any one part or section of the work shall be carried out in one continuous operation ,
and no interruption of concreting work will be allowed without the approval of the Engineer . Where
beams and slabs together form an integral part of the structure they shall be poured in one operation.
A record is to be kept by the Contractor on site of the time and date of placing the concrete in each
portion of the works and the number and identification of the Works Test Cubes, corresponding to
these portions . Such records are to be handed to the Engineer weekly during the progress of the
work .
If placing of concrete by pumping is required it shall be specified in the Particular Specification .
Admixtures
No admixtures of any type shall be used in the preparation of concrete or concrete products
unless so required by the Particular Specification or unless so directed by the Engineer . In case
any such admixtures are used the rates and methods of application shall be strictly in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions which must be approved by the Engineer before using it.
Curing
Freshly placed concrete shall be protected from rain, dust storms ,chemical attack and the harmful
effects of heat , wind , flowing water , vibrations and shocks . This protection shall continue until the
concrete is sufficiently set such that it is no longer damaged by these factors.
The Engineer shall determine when the protection is no longer required , but in any case this shall
not be less than 24 hours after the time of placing .
Concrete shall be cured for at least seven days and as required by the Engineer . Curing shall be
effected by the direct application of water to the surface of the concrete or by other approved curing
methods or curing compounds applied in accordance with the manufacturers specifications . In case
the application of such curing compounds is delayed for any reason , the concrete shall be kept moist
until the application is made .
Timber formwork covering the concrete shall be moistened with water at frequent intervals to keep it
from drying during the curing period . Metal formwork exposed to the sun must be shaded from its
direct rays , painted white or otherwise protected during the curing period .
Formed Finishes
1 - Basic finish
General requirements :
(a) Produce an even finish with a sheet material .
(b) Arrange panels in a regular pattern .
21

(c) Blowholes not more than about 10mm in diameter will be permitted but otherwise surface is to
be free from voids honey combing and other large defects .
(d) Variation in colour resulting from the use of an from discolaration due to contamination or grout
leakage .
The finish will be left as struck , making good or small defects will normally be permitted but only
after inspection by the Engineer. All blowholes shall be filled with a matching mortar to an
approved sample unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer. All faces shall be protected from
damage , especially arrisses .
All faces shall be protected from rust marks and other surface disfigurements. Form tie holes shall
be filled with a matching mortar to an approved sample accepted by the Engineer .
2 - Fine finish ( Fair Face)
General Requirements :
a) Produce a smooth even finish with an impervious sheet metal .
b) Make panels as large as is practicable and arrange to approval .
c) Blowhole not more than about 5mm in diameter will be permitted but otherwise surface is to be
free from voids, honey combing and other defects .
d) Variation in colour resulting from the use of an impervious form lining will be permitted , but the
surface is to be free from discoloration due to contamination or grout leakage .
e) Concrete cover spacers shall be used only if approved .
The finish is to be left as struck . Making good will not normally be permitted . All form tie holes
are to be filled with a matching mortar to an approved sample . Wire form ties shall not be used .
Approval of the Engineer for the position of tie holes is to be obtained before use .
Quality Control Testing Etc.
Prior to commencing the work the contractor shall make available on site the following minimum
approved equipment kept in good condition at all times :
- Six Cube moulds .
- Slump cones .
- Thermometer .
- Any other accessories as required by the Engineer .
All samples and testing shall be done in the presence of the Engineer or his authorised representative
either on site or in an approved testing laboratory in the area .
The frequency of testing shall be as noted in the clauses of this section and whenever required by
the Engineer.
The works Test Cubes shall be made as follows for types of concrete (A) , (B) , and (C) :
(a) At least three times weekly per mixing plant .
(b) At least once for three individual parts of the structure .
(c) At least once per 100 cubic meters of Concrete or fraction thereof .
For types (D), and (E) concrete the rate shall be once per each 100 cubic meters or fraction thereof .
At least six cubes shall be made at one time . Two of the six cubes are to be tested at seven (7) days
. The remaining four cubes are to be tested at 28 days , and their average strength must not fall below
22

the minimum strength specified for each type of concrete and the lowest test result shall not be more
than 20% below the average of the four cubes .
When the result of 7-day test is unsatisfactory , the Contractor may elect to remove and replace the
defective concrete without waiting for the 28-day test . If the result of the 28-day test is
unsatisfactory all concreting shall be stopped at the Contractors expense and shall not proceed
further without the written permission of the Engineer .
The Contractor shall then , in accordance with the instructions of the Engineer , remove cores and
test same or conduct in- insitu tests in accordance with CP 144 from or on suspect portions of the
works, under the supervision of the Engineer .
Concrete judged by the Engineer to be defective shall be forthwith cut out , removed and replaced at
the Contractors own expense .
In the event of strengths consistently higher than those specified being obtained , a reduction in the
number of tests may be authorized by the Engineer .
Position of Reinforcement
The actual concrete cover to all steel at any point should not be smaller than the required nominal
cover by more than 5mm.
The effective depth of fully or nearly fully stressed tensile reinforcement should not be less than that
given on the drawings by an amount exceeding 5 per cent of the effective depth of the section being
considered or 5mm whichever is the greater .
Ready mixed concrete
Ready - mixed concrete as defined in BS 1926 , batched off the site will be used with agreement of
the Engineer and shall comply with all requirements of the Contract . The quality and strength of
cements shall be determined by site tests . No test results supplied by Ready-Mix Supplier shall be
accepted as proof of the quality and strength of the concrete .
The concrete shall be carried in purpose made agitators operating continuously , or in truck mixers .
The concrete shall be compacted and in its final position within 1 hour of the introduction of cement
to the aggregate or as agreed by the Engineer . The time of such introduction shall be recorded on the
Delivery Note together with the weight of the constituents of each mix .
When truck mixed concrete is used , water shall be added under supervision either at the site or at
the central batching plant as agreed by the Engineer but in no circumstances shall water be added in
transit .
Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer truck mixer units and their mixing and discharge
performance shall comply with the requirements of BS 4251 . Mixing shall continue for the number
and at the rate of revolutions recommended in accordance with BS 4251 or , in the absence of the
manufacturer's instructions, mixing shall continue for not less than 100 revolutions at a rate of not
less than 7 revolutions per minute .
Prior to any ready mixed concrete being ordered , the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer details
of the supplier and shall arrange for the Engineer to inspect the supplier's works if required .
Truck-mixer units shall be maintained and operated strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations .
23

1 General
SECTION: 4
NATURAL STONE WORKS
Contractor must submit two sets of each type of stone, full size units as selected by the Supervising
Engineer to the project site, in sufficient number to indicate the full range of color, texture and each type of
the full range of color, texture and each type of finish. One of each of the duplicate samples approved by
the Engineer, the other being returned to the stone supplier ,for his guidance. Colors and types of stone –
dressings are as mentioned under part 2- Products, paragraph B, "Stone Schedule".
The following physical data on all proposed stone shall be submitted y the supplier :-
1. Analysis of mineral composition .
2. Analysis of chemical composition .
3. Thermal sufficient of expansion .
4. Absorption
5. Specific Gravity .
6. Modulus of Rupture
7. Abrasion Resistance .
Anchors : Two of each type to be incorporated in the work .
Submit samples of other materials specified herein upon request by the Engineer .
2 MOCK UP
1. Furnish and install a typical stone wall, application required for the project at area designated by the
Engineer. The panel shall be constructed for Engineer's approval showing 2.0m long x 1.5m high for wall
installation . Wall installation shall include a corner condition indicating a jamb, sill, lintel and coping
stones, etc., as shall be instructed by the Supervising Engineer.
2. All work shall include setting and jointing of all stone including final cleaning as specified here in for
the actual work and as required for approval Construct as many mock-ups until approval by the Engineer
has obtained .
3. The approved mock-up shall constitute the quality of work to be expected throughout the entire project,
and shall remain in place for visual inspection until no longer needed as directed by the Engineer. The
removal and disposition of the moc-ups shall be done by the Contractor at his expense without additional
cost to the owner .
GUARANTEE / WARRANTY
Attention is directed to the provisions of the CONDITIONS OF THE CONTRACT regarding guarantees /
warranties for the Work .
All warranties / guarantees to be issued by the Supplier, Manufacturers and sub-contractors shall be
counter-signed by Main Contractor and both of them will be liable for repair / replace the items / works,
etc., during the warrantee / guarantee period.
STANDARDS
A. Applicable provisions of the following standard publications shall apply throughout the work :
1. Building stone Institute : "Recommended Practices for the use of Natural Stones in Building
Constructions" .
24

2. American Welding Society (AWS): DI.1 Structural Welding Code.
3. Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI): Handbook of Bolt, Nut and Rivet Standards .
REFERANCES
A. National standards referenced herein are included to establish recognized quality only. Equivalent
quality and testing standards will be acceptable subject to their timely submission, review and
acceptance by the Engineer.
QUALIFICATIONS
A. Supplier / Fabricator: A firm having an adequate supply of the specified type of stone and an annual
rated production capacity to deliver the stone to the project site on schedule within a time limit
established by the Engineer, as required, to assure no delay in the progress and completion of the
Work.
B. Installer: A qualified stone layer with a minimum of five years successful experience in the erection
of stonework.
DESING CRITERIA
A. The method of erecting, installing and anchoring of all atone work shown on the Drawings is
diagrammatic only, and is not to be used for the purpose of bidding or construction. It shall be the
responsibility of the contractor to design and guarantee the mechanical fixation of the stone to the
concrete structure, the permanent anchorage, and the watertight sealing of all stone work . The
installation shall be designed to allow for expansion, contraction and differential deflection of
supporting floors of the building structure . All fastenings into stone, such as plates, bolts, anchors,
shelf angles, inserts, etc. are to be galvanized steel.
B. Design and calculations for stone anchor system shall be based on a minimum safety factor of five
for aspects related to stone strength and anchor strength in masonry or concrete.
C. Allowable stresses in stainless steel anchor elements shall not exceed the following :-
1. Tension , bending 0.6 Fy
2. Shear 0.4 Fy
D. Anchor stone elements to withstand a total temperature variation of 125 degrees F.
DELIVERY, STORAGE & HANDLING
1. Packing and Loading : Finished stone shall be carefully packed and loaded for shipment using all
reasonable and customary precautions against damage in transit no material which may cause
staining or discoloration shall be used for blocking or packing .
2.Site Storage : Upon receipt at the building site or storage yard, the stone shall be stacked on timber or
platforms at least 100mm above the ground , and extreme care shall be taken to prevent staining
during storage . If storage is to be for a prolonged period , polyethylene or other suitable plastic film
shall be placed between any wood and finished surfaces, and shall be used also as an overall
protective covering.
25

3.Defective Stone: Any piece of stone showing flaws, cracks, or imperfections such as vents, sand and
clay holes, shelly bars, shakes, mottle, seams or starts upon receipt at the storage yard, or at the
building site, shall be discarded and removed from the work site, at the contractor's own expense .
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
A. The following environmental requirements are applicable to stone set in mortar, and when caulking
stone joints with sealant:
1. During freezing or near freezing weather provide equipment and cover to maintain a minimum of 4
degrees C and to protect stone work completed or in progress .
2. At end of working day, or during rainy weather, cover stone work exposed to weather with waterproof
coverings, securely anchored .
3. Maintain materials and surrounding air to a minimum 10 degrees C prior to, during and 48 hours after
completion of work .
3 PRODUCTS
STONE MATERIALS AND FABRICATION
General
1. Stone shall be of good quality, sound, free from cracks and defects, seams or starts which may impair its
structural integrity, durability, appearance or function. Colour, texture and finish shall be within the range
of samples approved by the Engineer .
2. All stone shall be obtained from quarries having adequate capacity and facility to meet the specified
requirements. Cutting and finishing shall be performed by using approved equipment to process the
material promptly on order and in strict accordance with the specifications . Evidence to this effect shall be
provided by the contractor's.
3. Stone rejected for noncompliance with the submitted samples or the requirements of this specification
shall be replaced with material acceptable to the Engineer. Replacement shall be prompt and at the
Contractor's own expense. Inspection of stone by the Engineer shall not relieve the contractor of his
responsibilities to perform all work in accordance with the Documents.
STONE SCHEDULE
Refer to the Drawings for locations, sizes and herein . All stone work shall be carried out and executed in
accordance with the classifications of class " Special refer to clause 1.06, item A/1. Stone Type
Application/ Thickness / Finish
Application: Exterior and Interior – Special Shapes include, but not limited to:
- Rebated and Splayed sills-Splayed copings with rounded edges – Splayed and mitered copings .
- Corner stones – Quoins
- Splayed coping quoins
- Other, all as shown and / or noted in the drawings and in the Book of Details (Jordanian Code)
Thickness : As noted on the relevant details / drawings .
Finish : Mosamsam, Mattabeh and Tubza dressing, as noted on the drawings and details .
FINISH
26

1. The finish , of exposed to view surfaces of stone , shall be as specified above . The concealed from view
surfaces of all stone types shall be sawn , hacked and / or roughened to allow key for the backing mortar ,
all as more particularly instructed by the Engineer .
2. End match the texture in the face of stone elements that abut one another to assure continuity in surface
appearance .
STONE FABRICATION – GENERAL :
1. Fabrication of stone shall be in strict accordance with approved shop drawings for fabrication, and with
this specification .
2. To the maximum extent possible, fabrication and assembly of stone shall be executed in the shop. Work
that is not shop assembled shall be shop fitted .
3- All work shall be of the highest quality, in accordance with the best trade practices, and performed by
skilled workmen. All materials and workmanship shall conform to the highest industry standards.
4- Use no materials, equipment, or practices that may adversely affect the functioning, appearance, or
durability of the stone work or work trades.
DIMENSIONS
1- Cut all stone work accurately to shape and dimensions shown on the final approved shop drawings.
Exposed plans surfaces shall be true . Bed and joint surfaces shall be dressed straight and at right angles to
the faces, unless otherwise shown. Exposed arise lines shall be sharp and true. Patching of stone will not be
permitted.
2- Do all necessary cutting for anchors, support plates, shelf angles, and dowels, etc .
BEDS AND JOINTS
Stone beds and joints surfaces shall be cut square from the face for the entire thickness of stones. Stone
shall be bedded and jointed including the various expansion joints dimensions as shown on the approved
shop drawings .
BACKS OF PIECES
Backs of all pieces of stone receiving no concrete backing shall be sawn to approximately true planes with
a maximum variation of 1.5mm in thickness from that indicated on the approved shop drawings .
EXTERIOR & INTERIOR SPECIAL SHAPES
All specially shaped pieces of stones shall be constant in profile throughout their length , in strict
conformity with details shown on approved shop drawings .
INCIDENTAL CUTTING & DRILLING
1- Provide holes, grooves, sinkages and recesses, etc., as applicable, for anchors, plates, bolts, shelf anchor
supports, inserts, etc., other cutting and drilling shall be provided only when specifically Shown on the
approved shop drawings .
2- Holes for lifting will not be permitted on any stone element with a thickness of 51mm or less .
27

3- No cutting or drilling will be permitted on exposed surfaces .
4 MORTAR MATERIALS AND ACCESSORIES
Cement
1- Cement for Setting Mortar: Non – Staining Portland Cement conforming to ASTM CI50, Type I except
containing not more 0.03% water soluble alkali. Turkish cement will not be permitted.
2- Cement for Pointing Mortar: Non-staining white Portland Cement conforming to ASTM CI50.
Grey nonfattening cement may be used for pointing mortar if the colour of pointing mortar, as selected by
the Supervising Engineer, does not require white Portland Cement.
Water
Water shall be potable, clean and fresh from public water system .
Sand
Well graded non-staining masonry sand conforming to ASTM C1 44. Use white Silica sand pointing
mortar. No other Sand shall be permitted for mortar or grout unless otherwise tested and approved by the
Engineer.
Lime
Approved brand of plastic hydrated, such as New England 4x, conforming to ASTM C207, Type "S"
Integral Waterproofing
Integral liquid waterproofed for concrete and mortar , manufactured by an approved manufacturer and
conforming to ASTM C494 .
Integral Color
Super permanent, manufactured by an approved manufacturer and conforming to BS 1014 .
Mortar Plasticiser
As manufactured by an approved manufacturer and conforming to BS 4887 .
5 STONE ANCHORAGE – MATERIALS
General
All stone anchorage in contact with stone shall be fabricated from approved galvanized steel.
Gravity anchors
Wherever possible and appropriate stone shall be supported by gravity anchors . The Type location and
number of gravity anchors. shall be determined by calculations , recommended practices of the BST .
Lateral Anchors
28

The type, location and number of lateral anchors shall be determined by calculations, applicable codes, and
recommended practices of the BSI.
Dovetail Anchor Slots
Fabricate from not less than 6 ga. Galvanized steel . Provide dovetail anchor slots with filler strips
Anchorage Tolerances
Stone anchors shall be sufficiently adjustable to overcome expected variations in the building frame and in
the stone itself, and in both in combination.
6 EXECUTION
Conditions At Site
1. The Contractor shall, prior to proceeding with the stone installation, examine all surfaces and parts of the
structure to receive stone work, and notify the supervising Engineer in writing of any conditions
detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work. Do not proceed with installation until such
conditions have been corrected and are acceptable to the Engineer .
2. Verify all measurements and dimensions, coordinate the installation of inserts for this work and
coordinate and schedule this work with the work of other trades. Give particular attention to the location
and size of cutouts required to accommodate mechanical, electrical, and other work or adjoining
construction, in accordance with the reviewed shop drawings for such trade.
Stone Installation
1. Anchors, Brackets and Angles : Securely fix in place all supporting anchors, inserts, brackets, angles
and other items requiring building into concrete , provide location drawings in sufficient time so as not to
delay job progress .
2. Preparation for stone Installation : Clean stone prior to setting , leaving edges and surface free from
dirt and foreign mistrial . Do not use wire brushes or implements which mark or damage exposed surfaces,
unless otherwise approved by the Engineer .
C- Mortar And Grout Proportioning – By Volume
1. General:
Mortar and grout proportioning shall be prepared and tested by the contractor, and in addition the
contractor shall allow for preparing and testing the motar and grout mixes included within this section to
meet the Engineer's satisfaction and approval.
2. Setting Mortar for Stone:
1. Portland Cement - 1 part
2. Hydrated lime - 0-0 .25 part
3. Sand - 3 Parts
4. Plasticiser
5. Integral water proofer
3. Pointing Mortar :
29

1. White Portland cement - 1 part
2. Sand - 1-1/2 parts
3. Add color additive to acquire the color of mortar approved by the supervising Engineer.
4. Add water proofer
Add integral waterproofing admixture to setting and pointing mortar in the quantity and manner
recommended by the manufacturer.
Generally, only approved mortar plasticiser shall be used in all mortars, unless otherwise instructed by the
Supervising Engineer.
4. Wall Grout
Fine grout shall be mixed in the following proportions by volume all in accordance with ASTM C476:
1. Portland Cement- 1 part
2. Hydrated Lime - 0 .1 part
3. Sand - 2.25-3 parts
Coarse grout, where required, shall be mixed in the following proportions by volume, all in accordance
with ASTM C479:
a- Portland Cement - 1 part
b- Hydrated Lime - 0.1 part
c- Fine Aggregate - 2.25 parts
d- Coarse Aggregate - 1-2 parts
Use sufficient water to produce a fluid, pourable consistency.
3. Mortar And Grout Mixing
1- Mortar and grout shall be machine mixed. Cement and hydrated lime may be batched by the bag. Sand
preferably shall be batched by weight, but subject to the approval of the Supervising Engineer may on
certain small operations be batched by volume in suitably calibrated containers, provided proper allowance
is made for weight per cubic foot, contained moisture, bulking and consolidation, shovel measurement shall
not be used.
2- Workability or consistency of mortar on the board shall be sufficiently wet to be worked under the
trowel. Water for tempering shall be available on the scaffold at all times. Mortar and grout which has
begun to "set" shall be discarded. Mortar and grout which has stiffened due to evaporation shall be
retempered to restore its workablility. Retempering of mortar and grout at the mixer shall not be permitted.
4. Setting of Extertior and Interior wall Stone
1- All setting shall be done in accordance with the approved shop drawings. All work shall set in a rigid
and substantial manner, straight and plumb, with all horizontal lines level and all vertical lines plumb,
unless otherwise shown on the Drawings. Similar abutting profiles shall accurately intersect and be in true
alignment. All joints shall be uniform and shall be of the size and detail shown on the approved Shop
Drawings.
2- Except as otherwise indicated and as herein specified. All anchoring devices shall be accurately set and
adjusted. Holes and slots for anchoring devices shall be filled completely with mortar. Each stone shall be
anchored securely in place.
30

Joints noted to receive sealant shall be left void. If such joints cannot be sealed shortly after erection, they
shall be taped or otherwise temporarily sealed in a manner as approved by the Engineer.
3- All exterior stone joints shall be 5mm wide unless otherwise indicated
4- As setting stone joints, the work shall be fastened securely to take care dead loads, wind loads and
forces, and erection stresses. All units of stones shall have suitable temporary braces, shores, and stays to
hold them in position until permanently secured. All bolts and nuts shall be drawn tight and the bolt
threads shall be nicked to prevent the nuns from backing off.
5- All welding, where required, shall be done in accordance with the requirements of the Engineer, the
current edition of the "Standard Code for Arc and Gas Welding in Building Construction" of the American
Welding Society (AWS Code).
6- The definitions of all terms herein related to welds, welding, and oxygen cutting shall be interpreted in
accordance with the "Standard Definitions, Welding, and Cutting", of the current edition of the American
Society.
7- Cavities behind facing stones shall be filled with fine and /or course grout, as specifically shown on the
approved shop drawings and as specified herein.
8- Stone elements indicated to be set with mortar joints shall be set with two cushions per stone in every
horizontal joint. Stone shall be set in full horizontal mortar beds and joints raked out to a depth of 19 mm
before mortar has set. The face surfaces shall not be smeared with the mortar forced out of joints or that
used in pointing. No hammering, rolling or turning of stones will be allowed on the wall. Precautions shall
be taken to prevent seepage of moisture, through or from the exposed surfaces.
9- Build in anchors and supports all as shown on the approved shop Drawings.
10- Allow stone units to set overnight and then completely fill joints with pointing mortar. Joints shall be
toled flush. During the tooling of the joints, enlarge any voids or holes and completely fill with mortar.
Surfaces of stone shall be cleaned using sponge and water to remove mortar spills from face of stone.
11- The setting of patched, chipped, cracked, broken, stained or defective stones shall not be permitted.
Protection
Stone shall at all times be protected from drippings, welding spatter and damage by other trades during
construction. Where necessary or directed, substantial non-staining wooden or other approved covering
shall be placed to protect the work . Heavy polyethylene film shall be used between stone and wood.
Maintain all protection until remit final cleaning of stone work.
Cleaning
Clean soiled surfaces using non-acidic solution of type, which will not harm stone, mortar joint materials,
or adjacent surfaces.A non-metallic tools shall be used in cleaning operations
Final Inspection
A. Finish surfaces shall show no objectionable visual distinction in jointing, bedding, plane, coulour,
texture, pattern, and finish. All stones which in the opinion of the Engineer do not provide the required
uniformity shall be relocated, or removed and replaced with new stone units to the satisfaction of the
Engineer and at the contractor's own expense.
31

All defective stones shall be replaced with new stones units, except that minor damages may be repaired
when approved by the Engineer. Repairs, when approved, shall be completed to the satisfaction of the
Engineer. When the repairs to stone are unsatisfactory to the Engineer, the stone shall be replaced with
new stone. All repairs and all replacements of defective and unsatisfactorily repaired stone shall be
performed at the Contractor's own expense.
32

1 Manufacture
SECTION: 5
BLOCKWORK
Generally the blocks used shall be of local manufacture made with concrete in approved vibrated pressure
machines. The fine aggregate to be used for blocks shall be clean and sharp approved sand . It shall be
chemically and structurally stable and shall comply with the Table of Gradings given hereunder . The
cement, coarse aggregate and water to be used for blocks shall comply with the requirements given for
Concrete Works, and the methods of measuring and mixing the material shall be the same. The following
Mixing Table shall be strictly adhered to in all cases . Water/cement ratio shall be strictly governed to
produce a mix of nil - slump.
Mixing Table
Nominal Mix (all by volume)
1 part Cement, 2 parts Fine Aggregate and 5 parts Coarse Aggregate
Table Of Grading
(a) Fine aggregate
BS 410
Approximate size: Percentage(by weight) Passing
Sieve No
mm
BS sieve
-- 10.00 100
-- 5.00 90-100
7 2.36 75-100
14 1.18 55-90
25 0.60 35-59
52 0.30 8-30
100 0.15 0-10
b) Coarse aggregate 10mm single size aggregate .
The blocks shall be hard, sound, square and clean with sharp well defined arrises and shall, unless
previously approved by the Engineer, be a work size of (400 x 200 x 200mm) with properly formed half
blocks for bonding .
Hollow blocks, where required, shall be similar quality and overall size to solid blocks , and shall be of
local manufacture made with concrete as described above in approved vibrated pressure machines . The
design of the cavities and webs shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval before manufacture . The
thickness of the membranes or solid portions of hollow blocks shall be not less than (30 mm) each and the
combined thickness of the solid portion shall exceed one third of the total thickness in either horizontal
direction (Light weight lime - blocks can be used according to drawings, bills of quantities and Engineer’s
approval)
Arrises shall be sharp and true; blocks which have damaged arrises are not to be used in the works and shall
be discarded at the expense of the Contractor.
33

Immediately after moulding the blocks shall be placed on clean , level, non-absorbent pallets . Blocks shall
not be removed from the pallets until inspected and approved by the Engineer. Blocks shall be cured by
being kept thoroughly wet by means of water sprinklers or other approved means for a period determined
by the Engineer but in all cases for not less than three days . Blocks must not be left on earth or sand during
the curing process. Blocks shall be stacked in honeycomb fashion. Solid stacking will not be permitted.
The average crushing strength of solid or hollow blocks shall be not less than 35 kg/cm of gross area
(average of 12 blocks) .
2 Mortars
The sand to be used for mortar shall be clean and sharp . It shall be chemically and structurally stable and
shall comply with the Table of Gradings below . The lime if used for mortar shall be hydrated lime
complying with BS 890 .
Where colored mortars are required these shall be obtained either by the use of coloured cement or by
addition of pigments complying with BS 1014 .
The cement and water to be used for mortar shall comply with the requirements given under Concrete
Works Section, and the methods of measuring and mixing shall be the same . The following Mixing Table
shall be strictly adhered to in all cases .
Mixing Table
Nominal Mix Cement Kilos Sand m3
1:4 360 1.00
Lime (Dry Hydrate )
Kilos
as approved by the
Engineer
Table Of Grading
BS 410
Approximate size:
Sand Passing Through
Sieve No
mm
Sieve: percentage
-- 3 95-100
7 2.4 80-100
14 0.2 60-100
25 0.6 30-100
52 0.3 5-65
100 0.15 0-15
200 0.08 0-5
Note : the above figures represent the limits of percentages (by weight ) passing sieves of the sizes
mentioned .
The mortar generally shall be cement and sand (1:4) mix .
Where plasticiser is added to the mortar the following mixes shall be used:
(a) Building mortar - cement and sand (1:6) and
(b) Mortar for pointing - cement and sand (according to plasticizer manufacturer
recommendation)
34

The plasticiser shall be used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and subject to the
Engineer's approval.
All mortars shall be used before the initial set has begun. Mortar shall not be remixed after the initial set
has taken place . The full description given under Plaster Work Section , shall apply also to the measuring ,
mixing etc. of mortar for blockwork .
3 Construction
All blockwork shall be set out and built to the dimensions shown on the Drawings .
Walls shall be carried up regularly without leaving any part more than one meter lower than another unless
the permission of the Engineer is first obtained. Work which is left at different levels shall be racked back.
In the case of cavity walls , both thicknesses shall not be carried up more than about 400 mm .
The courses of blockwork shall be properly leveled . The perpen-dicular joints shall be properly lined and
quoins, jambs and other angles plumbed as the work proceeds .
All walls shall be thoroughly bonded in accordance with the best constructional practice and as directed by
the Engineer. Broken blocks shall not be used except where required for bond (if approved by the
Engineer).
All concrete blocks shall be soaked with water before being used and the tops of walls left off shall be
wetted before work is resumed . The faces of walls shall be kept clean and free from mortar droppings and
splashes
All blocks shall be properly spread with mortar before being laid and all joints shall be thoroughly flushed
up solid through the full thickness of the wall at each course as the work proceeds .
For block walls the gauge shall be ten courses to 2100 mm .
Walls to be left unplastered shall have a fair face consisting of selected blocks pointed with a neat
weathered or flush joint as the work proceeds using the same mortar mix as for jointing .
Walls to be plastered shall have the horizontal joints raked out to depth of 8 mm to form a key.
Blockwork shall be bonded to concrete columns and the like with 200 x 60 x 6 mm non ferrous metal ties
cast in concrete and subsequently bent down , ragged and built into every 2 courses of blockwork. Gunning
ties to concrete will not be permitted (other ways of bond must be approved by the Engineer) .
35

SECTION : 6
ROOFING
1 Corrugated Steel Roofs
All corrugated galvanized steel sheeting (whether fixed to wood or steel framing) shall be of 23 or 24
gauge fixed with a minimum of 50mm end laps and with a minimum of one corrugation side lap .
When instructed to have a one corrugation side lap, the sheets shall have a cover of not less than 20mm
and all the lapped sides shall be turned downwards. Where practicable the exposed lapped sides shall be
arranged to face away from the prevailing wind. When instructed to have a one and a half corrugations side
lap the sheets shall be arranged alternatively with a cover of not less than 90mm, the first sheet being
fixed with the lapped sides turned upwards away from the bearer and the cover sheet with the lapped
sides turned downwards .
Sheets shall be secured to purlins at centres not exceeding 300mm by galvanized self parking screws
(minimum 75mm long) with galvanized diamond shaped washers and lead sealing washers
All holes for bolts, self parking screws etc. shall be punched from the underside of the sheets and shall be
on the crown of the corrugations .
Galvanised steel ridge capping shall be supplied and fixed to purlins as described above .
Hook bolts, self parking screws and washers shall generally comply with BS 1494 .
2 Screeds
The provisions of Concrete Work section shall apply to the construction of solid reinforced concrete slab
roofs and to hollow slab roofs. The actual finish will be specifically shown on the Drawings or in the
Particular Specification.
Lightweight concrete screeds for obtaining falls or as an insulation layer shall be of approved type of
foamed concrete. The materials shall be measured, applied and cured in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
In all cases the finished screed shall be of an approved proprietary type with a density of not less than
400kg/ m2 to receive the applied roofing . Mixing shall take place using approved mechanical mixers.
Concrete screeds for obtaining falls shall be (1:3:6) mix.
All screeds shall be laid in bays not exceeding 10 square metres and formed between stop boards of the
correct height and cut on each side to indicate the slope required in the roofing . The screed shall then be
trowelled with a wooden float to true and accurate falls or cross falls up to the stop boards . A 10mm side
gap shall be left between each screed bay for the full depth of the screed. The screeds shall be allowed to
cure thoroughly to attain maximum shrinkage. Any cracks which appear due to shrinkage shall be made
good . The gaps between bays shall then be filled in with cold bitumen.
Where the roof screeds are to be reinforced with one layer of galvanised wire mesh , this shall be supported
on top of the base on spacers to ensure that it is maintained at between 10mm and 15mm below the top of
the finished screeds . It shall be at least 100mm wide, securely wired together .It shall be stopped 20mm
from the edge of each bay.
3 Insulation
When asphalt sheets is used on the top of the screeds, it should have the following properties:
36

−Asphalt sheets should be supplied in rolls of 1-1.2 m width and 4mm thick.
−Top surface should have a layer of medium size white aggregates (2-3mm)
Applying asphalt sheets should be made according to the manufacturer instructions.
Top surface of screeds should be cleaned and a suitable prime should be sprayed before using asphalt
sheets.
An overlap of 15-20cm should be made on sheets.
Hot asphalt should be sprayed before erecting the sheets, which should be heated (bottom side).
Sheets should have at least 15cm vertical edges, all around the roof (a special groove should be made in the
roof parapet to erect the vertical side of the sheets)
During erecting asphalt sheets, contractor should prevent air pockets entrained under the sheets, which will
be full flame applied.
4 Tiling
Tiled finishing to roofs shall be manufactured and laid as described in Section P (Plasterwork etc..)
Tilted tiled skirting shall include a triangular fillet of screed material and pointing at top with polysulphide
mastic.
5 Expansion Joints
The expansion joints shall generally be of 10mm thick fibreboard impregnated with bitumen accurately cut
, with butt joints and fixed vertical and straight .The top 10mm of the joint shall be filled with a grey
polyurethane gun grade sealant which confirms with BS 4254.
Expansion joints shall continue into the tilted tile, skirting and fillets .
6 Felt Roofing
Felt roofing, below tiling , shall be two-ply, tropical grade, fibre- based bituminous roofing felt weighing
not less than 1.8kg /m2 and shall comply generally with BS 747 (Class 1 Type 16 ) and shall be executed
by an approved specialist .
The felt shall be thoroughly bonded to the roof or screed and between layers. Care shall be taken to ensure
that all surfaces upon which felt is to be laid are dry, smooth and clean .
The bonding shall be by means of bitumen (60 /70 penetration) applied hot as a continuous coating to an
average thickness of not less than 1.5mm and not more than 2mm , so as to give a complete coat over the
whole area at the rate of not less than 1.5kg /m2 and not more than 2.0kg /m2 for each bonding coat .
The felt shall be laid with 150mm side and end laps which shall be staggered .
The felt shall be carried up the walls etc., over fillets to from a skirting continuous with the roof covering.
The skirting shall be bonded to the fillets and walls and shall be not less that 150mm in vertical height.
Application of materials shall conform in all respects with the British Standard CP 144 : Part 1, 'Roof
Coverings , built-up bitumen felt', or any standards approved by the Engineer .
The felt shall be dressed and bonded into rainwater outlets and under flashings.
37

7 Bitumen Roofing
Where roof finishings are required to be of a bitumen and sand mix this shall be composed of a mix to the
following proportion ( by weight ) :
Bitumen 60 /70 penetration 13 %
Filler (passing 200 sieve) 11 %
Sand 76 %
Mixing shall be carried out in an approved machine until all materials are thoroughly mixed. The mixing
temperature shall be between 163OC and 191OC and it shall be applied at a temperature sufficient to
maintain the workability of the mix. The covering shall be laid in one coat to give a consolidated thickness
of 20mm after rolling with a light hand roller. 150x150mm angle fillets shall be laid at edges of roofs
against parapets etc., properly bonded to the roof covering and with top edges turned into joints of walls.
The covering shall also be pressed into rainwater outlets and under flashings.
8 Asphalt
Asphalt roofing and tanking shall be executed by an approved specialist using mastic asphalt to BS 988 .
The asphalt shall be applied in the thickness and number of coats described in the Particular Conditions,
with each successive coat breaking joints at least 300mm (12") and with properly formed angles, double
angle fillets and fair edges .
Joints of blockwork shall be raked out and all vertical surfaces hacked for key.
Horizontal work shall be laid on a layer of stout sheathing felt.
9 Completion
On completion all roofs etc are to be left sound, water- tight and in clean condition before handing over.
38

SECTION: 7
1 General
PLASTER WORK
The British Standards (BS) govern the work covered in this section.
2 Materials
Portland cement, fine aggregate and water shall be as previously specified in Concrete Work section.
The color pigments shall be of an approved manufacture, lime proof and non-fading.
The sand for plastering shall be clean fine sand and shall be chemically and structurally stable. The sand
shall be sieved and graded in accordance with the Table of Grading given below .
Table Of Grading
Sand Passing Through Sieve
BS 410
Approximate Size
Percentage:
Sieve No.
mm
UNDERCOAT
FINISH COAT
7 2.4 95-100 100
14 1.2 80-95 95-100
25 0 .6 30-55 30-85
52 0.3 5-50 5-50
100 0.15 0-10 0-10
Note: the above figures represent the limits of percentages (by weight) passing sieves of the sizes
mentioned.
Imported lime shall be of the hydrate type complying with BS 890 .
Bonding agents where required shall be of a type approved by the Engineer , and shall be used as
recommended by the manufacturer
The Contractor shall ensure that supplies of materials are sufficient to give consistent and uniform colour to
surface finishes which are not to be painted.
3 Mixing
The methods of measuring and mixing shall be as laid down under Concrete Work section , and the
proportions shall be in accordance with the Mixing Table given below .
Mixing Table
Nominal mix Ratio
Cement Fine Aggregate or (I) ( dry hydrate )
Kg
Sand m3
kg
1:5 cement 289 1.00 -
1:4 cement 361 1.00 -
1:3 cement 476 1.00 -
1:2 cement 577 1.00 -
1:2 cement 721 1.00 -
1:1 cement 1442 1.00 -
1:5 cement with 20%
(I)
1:5:1 289 1.00 124
1:4 (I) with 10%
cement
1:10:21/2 145 1.00 161
39

* I = Imported Lime
With regard to the lime mortars gauged with cement , the addition just before use of the cement to small
quantities of the lime/sand mix shall preferably take place in a mechanical mixer and mixing shall continue
for such time as will ensure uniform distribution of materials and uniform colour and consistency . It is
important to note that quantity of water used shall be carefully controlled.
4 Plastering And Similar In-Situ Finishings And Backings
All plastering shall be executed in a neat workmanlike manner. All faces except circular work shall be true
and flat and angles shall be straight and level or plumb .
Plastering shall be neatly made good up to metal or wooden frames and skirting and around pipes or
fittings. Angles shall be rounded to 5mm radius.
Surfaces of undercoats shall be well scratched to provide a key for finishing coats . Screed marks or
making good on undercoats shall not show through the finishing coats .
Surfaces described as trowelled smooth shall be finished with a steel trowel to a smooth flat surface free
from trowel marks.
Surfaces described as floated shall be finished with a wooden or felt float to a flat surface free from trowel
marks .
All tools, implements, vessels and surfaces shall at all times be kept scrupulously clean and strict
precautions shall be taken to prevent the plaster or other materials from being contaminated by pieces of
partially set material which would tend to retard or accelerate the setting time .
Coating work shall not be started until all :
a) required openings, chases or other apertures have been cut
b) pipes, fixtures, fixing pads and plugs have been fixed
c) making good has been completed .
The Contractor shall protect all existing work and approaches, with boards, dust sheets etc. All droppings
onto finished work shall be cleaned off immediately .
The Contractor shall ensure that all plant and tools are kept clean and free from previous mixes .
The Contractor shall make good defective or damaged coatings before starting decoration works .
5 Preparation For Plaster etc.
All surfaces to be plastered shall be clean and free from dust, loose mortar and all traces of salts .
Projections and concrete fins shall be hacked off. Traces of mould oil , paint , grease , dust and other
incompatible materials shall be removed by scrubbing with water containing detergent .
Where cement plaster is to be applied the surfaces shall first be wetted and dashed with a mixture of
Portland cement and sand (1:2) mix to form a key . This should be kept wet with a fine water spray until
set, and allowed to harden before applying undercoat for a minimum of 3 days.
All surfaces shall be thoroughly sprayed with water and all free water allowed to disappear before plaster
is applied.
40

Bonding agents where required shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and
must be approved by the Engineer.
Before plastering is commenced all junctions between differing materials shall be reinforced in accordance
with clause 9.21.
6 Curing Of Plaster etc.
Each coat of plaster should be kept damp for the first three days. Care must be taken to prevent too rapid
drying out during hot weather and in drying winds.
The Contractor shall therefore provide a protective covering of plastic or similar impervious sheeting which
must be hung so that it is clear of the finished surface.
Any cracking, discoloration or other defects caused by inadequate protection shall be remedied at the
Contractor's expense.
7 Uses Of Plaster etc.
The type, mix and thickness of plaster for each location shall be as stated in the Particular Specification or
shown on the Drawings, and shall generally be selected from the Schedule of Plasters given in Table P1 .
DESCRIPTION
Table P1 : Schedule Of Plasters
Render and
Spray Cement
and Sand
Plain Face Cement and Sand
Gauged Plastering Lime and
Sand with Cement
Total Walls 13 15 13
Thickness Ceilings 10 10 10
Undercoats Mix Surface 1:4 Floated 1:4 Scratched 1:10:2.5 Scratched
Thickness Walls 10 as required as required
(mm) Ceilings 7 as required as required
Finishing Mix Surface 1:1 Sprayed 1:4 trowelled or floated 1:10:2.5 trowelled or floated
Thickness Walls 3 as required as required
(mm) Ceilings 3 as required as required
Remarks External use External or internal use may be
applied in one coat to ceiling
only if finished thickness is
12mm and the required surface
finish is obtained
Internal use may be applied in
one coat if finished thickness is
12mm and the required surface
finish is obtained.
8 Application Of Plaster etc.
After preparation of the surfaces the undercoat shall be applied to the required thickness between screeds
laid, ruled and plumbed as necessary When nearly set the surface of the undercoat shall be scratched . The
undercoat shall be allowed to set hard and shall be cured . Where plastering is applied in one coat or where
roughcast is to be applied the scratching should be omitted .
The finishing coat shall be applied to the required thickness by means of a laying - on trowel and finished
to give the required surface .
The surfaces shall be finished to a true plane to correct line and level , with all angles and corners to a right
angle unless otherwise specified , and with walls and reveals plumb and square . The surfaces shall be
finished to within 3 mm of a straight edge 1.80m long placed on face of plaster.
41

Undercoat shall be worked well into the interstices of metal work to obtain maximum key.
Each coat shall be applied firmly to achieve good adhesion , and ruled to an even surface .
Each coat shall be applied to each wall and ceiling surface in one continuous operation.
Each coat shall be applied at full thickness down to floor level or skirting lath.
All undercoats shall be cross-scratched to provide key for next coat.
Cement based undercoats shall be allowed to dry out thoroughly to ensure that drying shrinkage is
substantially complete before applying subsequent coat.
50 mm each side of angle bead to be finished with neat Keene’s cement before plaster finishing coat is
applied . Where angle beads are not specified, angles shall be formed with pencil round arris .
Smooth Finish
Finished with a steel laying trowel to an even surface .
Wood Float Or Plain Finish
Finished with a dry wooden float as soon as wet sheen has disappeared from surface to give overall even
texture .
Rough Textured Finish
Finished with a cork or carpet float to provide a rough but even open-textured surface .
Scraped finish
Finished with laying trowel to uniform thickness and after coat has set but before it is too hard , aggregate
exposed by scraping surface of skin to approved texture .
Rough Cast Finish
Thrown on while wet with trowel or scooped to an even texture and left as cast .
Dry Dash Finish
Top coat of rendering finished to uniform thickness; while coating is plastic , aggregate thrown on to cover
surface and particles pressed lightly into mortar to ensure adhesion .
Sprayed Finish
The sprayed finish shall be applied with an approved machine to give a finish of even texture and thickness.
The sprayed finish shall be applied in three separate coats allowing time for drying between coats.
Application in one continuous operation to build up a thick layer will not be permitted . The total finished
thickness of the four sprayed coats shall be not less than 3 mm. The sprayed finish shall not be applied
until all repairs and making good to the undercoat are completed. Rainwater pipes, fittings and the like shall
first be fitted, then removed during the spraying process and refitted and jointed afterwards. Any plaster
which adheres to other pipes, doors, windows and the like shall be carefully removed before it has set.
Curing shall take place after the application of the fourth coat.
42

9 Steel Mesh Lathing, Stops And Beads
Steel mesh lathing shall be galvanized type weighing 1.6kg/m.
Steel rods for distancing shall be hot rolled mild steel round bars to BS 4449, diameter to approval ,
galvanized to BS 729 or bitumen coated .
Steel clout nails shall be to BS 1202:Part 1, Table 3, galvanized to BS 729.
Galvanized steel angle bead with 50 mm galvanized expanded metal mesh on both sides of bead .
Mesh lathing shall be fixed with the long way of the mesh at right angles to supports.
In horizontal work it shall be fixed with all mesh strands sloping in the same direction.
In vertical work it shall be fixed with all mesh strands sloping inwards and downwards from face of
coating.
Lathing shall be fixed from the center outwards so that it is taut.
Lathing shall not be lapped within 100mm of angles or curves .
Junctions of lathing shall be reinforced at corners with 75 x 75 mm angled plain mesh , fixed to rails with
tying wire at not more than 100mm centers .
Ends of wire shall be bent away from face of coating .
Beads and stops shall be fixed plumb , square and true to line and level .
Metal angle beads shall be fixed to solid backgrounds with plaster dabs , and shall be fixed to timber
supports with 28mm clout nails . Both types of fixing shall be on each side of angle at not more than
600mm centers .
At junctions between dissimilar solid backgrounds in the same plane and with the same coating , steel
lathing shall be fixed with 38 mm clout nails or with staples . They shall be driven into drilled and plugged
holes or into fixing bricks or plugs built in or cast in :
(a) At single junctions , lathing to be not less than 450mm wide , fixed each edge at 100 mm centers .
(b) At columns, lathing to extend not less than 150mm beyond each junction, fixed each edge and
centrally at 100 mm centers .
Side edges of lathing shall be lapped not less than 25mm , and secure with tying wire at not more than
100mm centers .
Ends of lathing shall be lapped 40mm at supports and 50mm between supports, and secured with tying wire
at not more than 100m centers.
Lathing fixed to metal supports shall be fixed with hair-pin shaped tying wire ties at not more than 100mm
centers , passed over the support with both ends through mesh , twisted tight , ends cut off and bent flat .
Concrete , blockwork or masonry backgrounds shall be drilled and plugged at not more than 100x400mm
centers and the lathing shall be fixed with 38mm clout nails or wire staples driven at an angle to tauten the
mesh .
43

SECTION: 8
WALL AND FLOOR TILING WORKS
1 General
The British Standards (BS) govern the work covered in this section .
2 Materials
Portland cement, fine aggregate and water shall be as previously specified in Concrete Work section.
The marble chipping shall be of an approved quality in irregular pieces varying from 2 mm to 10 mm in
size depending on the effect required. The pieces should preferably be roughly cubical in shape where flaky
shaped pieces shall not be used.
The granite chipping shall be of an approved quality graded from 12 mm down with not more than 5
percent fine material passing a No.100 sieve.
Marble and granite aggregates shall comply generally with the Table of Gradings. In connection with
marble aggregates the percentages are approximate only. The actual grading should be selected to produce
the surface effects required.
BS 410
Sieve No.
Table Of Gradings
Approximate Size Percentage of Aggregate Passing Through Sieve
mm GRANITE MARBLE
- 13 100 -
- 10 95-100 95-100
- 5 30-60 25-60
7 2.4 20-50 5-30
14 1.2 15-40 0-10
25 0.6 10-30 -
59 0.3 5-15 -
100 0.15 0-5 -
NOTE: the above figures represent the limits of percentages (by weight) passing sieves of the sizes
mentioned .
3 Cement And Sand Tiles
Cement and sand tiles shall be formed with a (1:2) mix of white or coloured cement, or in white cement
with a colour pigment added , and sand applied as a facing not less than 7.5mm thick to a Portland cement
and sand (1:5) mix backing .
The tiles shall be cast in heavy moulds under pressure to the proportions and sizes shown in the following
table .
44

Cement And Sand Tile Dimensions
Size
Size tolerances
Minimum total thickness
mm
mm
mm
200x200 0.5 20
250x250 0.5 25
300x300 1.0 25
400x400 1.0 30
Coloured cement and sand skirting to match tiles , 100mm or 200mm with chamfered top edges shall be
produced in the same way as the tiles using the same mixes .
All cement and sand tiles shall be cured by totally immersing them, after the initial set has taken place , in a
tank of clean water for at least 24 hours.
Cement and sand tiles shall be laid and bedded direct onto a concrete sub-floor on a cement and sand (1:4)
mix screed. This screed shall be 25mm thick in the case of 25mm tiles and 30mm thick in the case of
20mm tiles. The total thickness of cement and sand screed and tiles shall not exceed 50mm. All tiles shall
be laid with square joints.
All tiling shall be grouted up on completion, care being taken to fill all joints completely. The grout shall
consist of neat cement of a colour to match the tiling. Any surplus grout shall be cleaned off the face of the
tiling and surrounding surfaces immediately and all tiling shall be carefully cleaned off.
4 Terrazzo Tiles
Terrazzo tiles shall be formed with a (1:2 1/2) mix of white or coloured cement or white cement with a
colour pigment added and granular marble chippings applied as a facing not less than 5 mm thick to a
Portland cement and sand (1:5)) mix backing.
The tiles shall be cast in heavy metal moulds under pressure to the proportions and sizes shown in the
following table.
Terrazzo Tile Dimensions
Size
Size tolerances
Minimum total
mm
mm
thickness mm
200x200 0.5 20
250x250 0.5 25
300x300 1.0 25
400x400 1.0 30
Tiles shall be cured as for cement and sand tiles and then ground, filled and polished before distribution to
site.
Grinding shall be done wet by means of a No. 80 carborundum stone. Filling shall be carried out with a
neat cement grout of the same colour as the facing mix and this shall be worked into the surface with a
wooden shaper to fill all voids and air holes .
Surplus grout shall be removed with a dry cloth . After a minimum period of 24 hours polishing shall be
carried out wet by means of a No. 140 carborundum stone .
Terrazzo skirting 100mm or 200mm high with chamfered top edges shall be produced in the same way as
for tiles using the same mixes .
45

Terrazzo tiles shall be laid and bedded direct onto a sand layer with a cement and sand (1:4) mix mortar.
This mortar shall be 25mm thick in the case of 25mm tiles and 30mm thick in the case of 20mm tiles. The
total thickness of the cement and sand screed and tiles shall not exceed 50 mm .
All tiling shall be grouted up on completion ; care being taken to fill all joints completely . The grout shall
consist of neat cement of a colour to match the tiling . Any surplus grout shall be cleaned off the face of
the tiling and surrounding surfaces immediately and all tiling shall be carefully cleaned off .
All terrazzo surfaces shall be polished on completion. Large areas such as floors shall be wet polished by
means of approved machines using No. 140 carborundum wheel. Any surface too small for convenient
machine polishing may be polished by hand using a No.140 carborundum stone and water Care must be
taken during any polishing operation not to damage any of angles or arrises .
Terrazzo covering to items such as sills , treads and risers to steps , skirtings etc. , shall generally be applied
in accordance with theforegoing specification except that the thickness of the facing shall be at least 10
mm ( marble can be used if approved by the Engineer ) .
5 Marble Paving
Marble pavings shall generally be 30 mm thick and the size , type and pattern shall be as stated in the
Particular Specification and/or shown on the Drawings . The marble slabs shall be fixed solid on a bed of
cement and sand (1:4) mix 30 mm thick with tight joints grouted in lime putty . A protective slurry of lime
putty at least 3 mm thick shall be applied to the marble pavings and subsequently cleaned off .
Treads shall be 30mm thick fixed solid on a bed of cement and sand (1:4) mix 30mm thick. Risers to stairs
shall be 20mm thick fixed solid on a backing of cement and sand (1:4) mix 30 mm thick. Window sills
shall be 40mm thick bedded hollow on plaster slabs. Skirtings shall be 10mm thick , in lengths of about 1.5
meters , fixed solid on a backing of cement and to coincide with joints in adjacent pavings . Rounded
arrises, nosing and moldings shall be adequately protected by means of timber casings. Treads, risers,
skirtings and window sills shall be grouted and protected in a manner similar to pavings.
The exposed faces and edges of all marble shall be polished smooth and be free from scratches or other
defects. Concealed faces of marble shall be treated with shellac or bituminous paint.
6 Marble Lining
Marble lining to walls, columns and the like shall generally be 20 mm thick and the size, type and pattern
shall be as stated in the Particular Specifications and/or as shown on the drawings .
The marble slabs shall be cut square and true and shall be uniform in shape and thickness. Patterns and
mouldings shall be accurately formed in accordance with the Drawings.
Exposed edges and mouldings shall be protected by means of timber casing or lime putty coating. The
exposed edges and faces of all marble shall be polished smooth and shall be free from scratches or other
defects.
7 Ceramic , Glazed And Quarry Tiling
Clay floor quarries and fittings shall be in accordance with BS 1286 type A and the thickness and size shall
be as stated in the Particular Specification or on the Drawings .
Ceramic floor tiles and fittings shall be in accordance with BS 1286 type B , vitrified or fully vitrified and
the thickness and size shall be as stated in the Particular Specification or on the Drawings .
46

Glazed ceramic floor tiling shall be of the type , thickness and size as stated in the Particular Specification
or on the Drawings .
The tiles shall be true to shape, flat and free from flaws, cracks and crazing and keyed on the reverse side
and shall be of amanufacture approved by the Engineer .
Bedding mortar shall be cement and sand all in accordance with the materials stated in Concrete Work and
Blockwork sections.
Any admixtures to the mortar must be approved before use.
Grout pointing shall be white or coloured cement.
Cement and sand mortar bed of not more than 20 mm or thickness of the tile shall be laid .
Tiles shall be firmly tamped into mortar to form a level surface.
The Contractor shall ensure that when fixing tiles with thin bed adhesive, the base to receive tiles is clean ,
level and dry , with no loose and friable areas and surface dusting .
Cement-based adhesive shall be prepared and used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations
to form a bed not more than 3 mm thick.
Tiles shall be laid dry and tamped well down into the adhesive to ensure a proper bond with base and a
level surface.
When bedding tiles on thick bed, semi-dry cement and sand (1:4) mortar bed shall be spread not less than
25 mm thick.
Before the compacted bed has set a cement and sand slurry (1:1) about 3mm thick shall be spread over the
surface .
The tiles shall be laid dry and tamped into the slurry to form a level surface .
Joints shall be even and not more than 3mm wide, in both directions .
Joints shall be continuous both horizontally and vertically .
The tiles shall be grouted up with white or coloured cement mortar (1:1) worked well into joints when bed
is sufficiently firm to prevent disturbances of the tiles; surplus grout shall be cleaned off from faces of tiles
.
Movement joints shall be provided not less than 6 mm wide where shown on the Drawings or as directed
by the Engineer .
Movement joints shall be carried through the depth of tile and bedding and partially filled with filling strip
and finished flush with sealant to manufacturer's recommendations .
Where tiling abuts against wood or metal frames or other tiling at angles and around pipes etc. , it shall be
carefully cut and fitted to form a close neat joint . Open irregular joints filled with cement and sand or
plaster will not be permitted .
Tiles shall be cleaned off and polished at completion .
Water shall not be allowed on new tiling until bedding and grouting have completely set .
47

No traffic shall be allowed on the floor until 4 days after
further 10 days .
completion and then only light traffic for a
8 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling
Glazed ceramic wall tiles shall be in accordance with BS 1281 with or without cushioned edges and spacer
lugs and shall be white or coloured as stated in the Particular Specification .
Glazed ceramic tile fittings shall be rounded edge or angle bead type to match plain tiles.
The tiles shall be true to shape, flat and free form flaws , cracks and crazing and keyed on the reverse side
and shall be of a manufacture approved by the Engineer .
Bedding mortar shall be cement and sand (1:3) all in accordance with the materials stated in Concrete Work
and Blockwork sections
Any admixtures to the mortar must be approved before use .
Mastic adhesives shall be of an approved manufacture and shall comply with the performance requirements
of CP 212: Part 1, if approved by the Engineer .
Grout pointing shall be neat white or coloured cement .
The Contractor shall ensure that the cement render backing is at least 14 days old , firmly bonded to its
background , free from dust, with surfaces plumb and true to 3mm in any 1800 mm .
Fixing Tiles With Cement And Sand Mortar
The tiles shall be immersed in water for 6 hours or until saturated then stacked tightly together to drain with
end tiles turned glaze outwards . Tiles shall be fixed as soon as surface water has drained .
The render coat shall be wetted sufficiently to prevent it absorbing water from the bedding coat .
Mortar bedding shall be applied to render background to an even thickness of approximately 10mm .
Each tile shall be buttered evenly with mortar and tapped firmly into position so that the bed is solid
throughout .
Thickness of finished bed shall be not less than 6mm nor more than 12 mm .
Any necessary adjustment to tiles shall be made within ten minutes of fixing and tiles cleaned off after not
less than two hours .
Fixing Tiles With Adhesive
The tiles shall be fixed in accordance with the recommendations of the adhesive manufacturer .
Adhesive shall be applied not more than 1sq.m at a time to avoid premature drying out .
Adhesive shall be applied as a continuous screed to a thickness of approximately 3mm on the surface to be
tiled .
Dry tiles shall be pressed on to the adhesive and tapped firmly into position to ensure solid bedding without
voids .
Any necessary adjustment to tiles shall be made immediately after bedding .
48

Tiles shall be cleaned off as soon as bedding is complete .
Joints shall be even and not more than 2mm wide using spacer lug tiles or spacer pegs .
Joints shall be continuous both horizontally and vertically .
Tiles shall be fixed to a finished surface that is plumb and true to 2mm in any 2m .
Joints shall be grouted up not less than 24 hours after fixing tiles to porous surfaces and not less than 3 days
after fixing to impervious surfaces .
Tiles shall be grouted by pressing mix firmly into joints , working in areas of not more than 1sq.m .
Surplus grout shall be cleaned off as the work proceeds .
Where tiling abuts against wood or metal frames or other tiling at angles and around pipes etc. , it shall be
carefully cut and fitted to form a close neat joint . Open irregular joints filled with cement and sand or
plaster will not be permitted .
Tiles shall be cleaned off and polished on completion .
External tiling shall be protected from inclement weather until grouting is completely set .
No water is to be allowed on new tiling until bedding and grouting have completely set .
9 Protection
All floor , wall and ceiling finishes shall be protected from damage during subsequent work , and
shall be thoroughly cleaned before handing over the works
49

SECTION: 9
CARPENTRY AND JOINERY
1 Timber
All softwood for carpentry and joinery work shall be well seasoned sound , bright , free form shakes ,
large loose or dead knots , waney edges , warp , incipient decay , stained sapwood or other defects and
shall be to the approval of the Engineer .
Timber for carpentry work shall be carefully sawn square and shall hold the full dimensions shown on
the Drawings .
The hardwood for joinery work shall be to the approval of the Engineer , well seasoned , close grained
and free form all defects. Hardwood for polishing or clear treatment shall be selected and kept clean .
Any preservative treatment shall be approved by the Engineer .
The Contractor shall allow for all necessary cutting of timber to size and shape, for preparation of
surfaces, for all fixings, for properly jointing and putting together including farming , gluing , doweling
screwing and mortising , for all cutting and waste , notching , sinking , scribing , mitres , ends , short
lengths and any other sundry items of like nature and for priming all concealed surfaces of joinery.
Aluminium primer shall be applied to concealed surfaces of all joinery timber .
All sizes and dimensions shown on the Drawings are finished sizes unless otherwise stated .
Timber for joinery work shall be finished work to the exact sizes shown on the Drawings with pencil
rounded exposed arrises and no joinery shall be built in until inspected and approved by the Engineer .
The whole of hardwood joinery shall be rubbed down to a smooth surface and left clean and ready to
receive any oiled or other finish
Where screw fixings would show on the surface of hardwood, the heads shall be countersunk 6mm
below timber surface and grain matched fillets not less than 6mm thick and traped and cut from
matching timber shall be glued in and finished off flush with the face . This will apply equally to
hardwood which is to be painted .
2 Moisture Content Of Timber
The softwood generally shall have a maximum moisture content of 12% .
The hardwood shall have a maximum moisture content of 10% and shall have been kiln dried .
The whole of the timber for joinery work shall be properly stacked and protected from rain and ground
moisture .
3 Plywood
The minimum thickness shall be 5mm .
Plywood face veneers shall be approved by the Engineer .
Plywood adhesives shall be approved by the Engineer .
50

The Contractor shall not be permitted to make up the required thickness by gluing together sheets of thinner
plywood.
4 Timber Face Veneers
All timber face veneers that are exposed shall be selected to the approval of the Engineer and shall be
hard , durable and capable of being finished easily to a smooth surface .
They shall be free from knots , worm and beetle holes , splits , glue stains , filling or inlaying of any
kind , or defects .
Timber for face veneers shall be as described in the Particular Specification or as shown on the
Drawings .
5 Fixing And Jointing
Softwood in carpentry work shall be put together with steel nails except where described as framed
when it shall be properly jointed and held together with glue and steel screws . Fixings shall be stout
steel nails and screws .
Joinery work shall be carefully put together and properly jointed in accordance with best practice , all
joints shall be glued and screwed or doweled . Any screws appearing on facework shall have the heads
let in and pellated unless otherwise described. Softwood fixings shall be stout steel screws .
Where joinery is required to be put together and fixed with brass cups and screws , the cups for fixing
hardwood joinery shall be cast brass cups with milled edges and shall be neatly let in to finish flush with
the face of the work .
Nail lengths shall not be more than total thickness of sections to be joined less 5mm , but otherwise not
less than twice the thickness of the section through which nails are driven .
Screw lengths shall be not more than total thickness of sections to be joined less 5mm , but otherwise
not less than 1 times the thickness of the section through which screws are driven .
Proprietary plugs shall be approved by the Engineer .
Steel nails shall comply with BS 1202 : Part 1 .
Wood screws shall be brass complying with Bs 1210 with slotted countersunk heads .
Screw cups shall be brass complying with BS 1494 : Part 2 .
Synthetic resin gap-filling adhesives shall comply with BS 1204 : Part 1 , type WBP .
Synthetic resin close-contact adhesives shall comply with BS 1204: Part 2 , type WBP .
6 Spacings And Additional Supports
Where no dimensions are specified or shown on Drawings , space battens , fillets , grounds studs etc. ,
shall be used in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacture of the sheets and/or sections
being fixed .
51

Where not shown on Drawings , additional supports shall be positioned and fixed for appliances ,
fixtures , edges of sheets etc. , in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations .
7 Doors
Doors shall be as specified below or in the Particular Conditions obtained from one of the approved
manufacturers listed and shall be capable of withstanding the particular weather conditions of the
Middle East .
Door leaves with a polished finish are to be veneered as described in the Particular Conditions with the
approved hardwood veneered plywood factory finished and supplied with protective wrappings , and
with all necessary preparation for ironmongery carried out .
All edges are to be lipped with hardwood and all beads and lippings are to match face veneers .
All doors whether light cored , solid cored and/or fire resisting shall conform to BS 459 and 476 and
4787 as appropriate with adequate blocking out for ironmongery etc.
Door frames shall be as shown on the Drawings all in wrought hardwood treated to match doors in
accordance with door manufacturer's recommendations and should be manufactured and finished by the
door manufacturer where possible .
Hardwood polished thresholds are to be provided to individual flat entrance doors . All other doors
within flats should allow sufficient clearance for fitted carpets . The Contractor should ascertain
requirements for clearance in all other positions from the Engineer .
8 Windows
Windows and fanlight sashes shall be framed to the size shown on the Drawings . Sashes hung folding
shall have meeting beads screwed on . Glazing bars if required shall be of twice rebated section .
Aluminium windows (Best quality) will be used. Colour and type of section must be approved by the
Engineer.
9 Flyscreens
Flyscreens to doors shall be framed and braced with rails styles and braces and filled in with aluminium
mesh , 18x16 meshes per inch .
10 Frames
Frames to doors, windows and flyscreens shall be provided and built in to the sizes shown on the
Drawings or as directed by the Engineer .
Frames shall be securely tied to walls by means of steel or similar metal cramps , galvanised or dipped
in bitumen and provided as follows :
(a) Door frames : three cramps to each side .
(b) Window frames : two or more cramps to each side according to size .
(c) Any other way approved by the Engineer (e .g. foam bond)
Doors , windows, etc. shall be carefully and accurately fitted to the frames to give a uniform clearance
of not more than 3mm all round.
52

11 Architraves , Door Stops etc.
Architraves , door stops etc. shall be as shown on the Drawings and all properly mitred at intersections
as approved by the Engineer .
Glazing beads where required shall be wrought splayed and rounded and shall be neatly mitred and
fixed with small brads or lost-head nails.
12 Fittings
In connection with fittings such as wardrobes , cupboards , counters etc., the doors, frames, drawers,
rails and framing etc. shall be properly and accurately framed together .
Before starting repetitive fabrication of any component , prototypes shall be prepared and approved .
Unless components are specified to be built in , these shall not be made until all site dimensions have
been checked .
Matching clearance holes shall be provided for all sizes of screw and matching pilot holes for screws of
6 gauge or more for screwing softwood .
Clearance and pilot holes to match screw sizes shall be provided for screwing hardwood .
Pilot holes shall be provided slightly less than half the diameter of the screw for screwing particle board
.
13 Finish
All nail heads which will be visible in completed work shall be punched below timber surface .
All joinery which is to be polished, varnished or painted shall be finished smooth and clean by rubbing
down with fine sandpaper .
14 Protection
All joinery shall be protected from damage during the course of the Works and on completion shall be
to the Engineer's entire satisfaction . Before handing over the Contractor shall ensure that all doors ,
drawers , etc. , work easily and shall make all necessary adjustments including those needed during the
maintenance period.
53

SECTION: 10
IRONMONGERY
1 Description
The Contractor shall provide and fix the ironmongery required by the Particular Specifications or shown
on the Drawings complete, including all necessary screws , bolts , plugs and other fixings . The use of
nails for fixing ironmongery shall not be permitted . The Contractor shall hand over all in a finished state
and to the satisfaction of the Engineer .
All ironmongery shall be of first quality and shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer . Butt
hinges are to be aluminium alloy with silver anodised finish with double stainless steel washers , or as
approved by the Engineer .
The Contractor shall be required to submit for approval samples of all items of ironmongery he proposes
to use .
All doors shall be provided with an approved door stop plugged and screwed to the floor and all opening
areas of aluminium work shall be provided with appropriate friction stays . The size , materials , finishes
, type and quality of ironmongery shall be as described in the Particular Specification or as shown on the
Drawings .
2 Finish
The finish of the various items of ironmongery shall be as described in the Particular Specification or as
shown on the Drawings or as required and directed by the Engineer .
3 Fitting And Testing
All screws used for fixing ironmongery shall be of a suitable type , material , finish , size and shape to
the satisfaction of the Engineer .
The hinges on which doors , windows , flyscreen doors etc. , are hung shall be carefully housed or let
into the door , window, flyscreen door etc. , and to the frames .
All fittings shall be removed before commencing any painting operations and shall be refixed in place
after all painting works are completed and approved by the Engineer .
All ironmongery shall be carefully wrapped and protected until completion of the work and any items or
parts which are damaged or defaced or found to be defective shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense
before handing over.
On completion of all locks , catches and similar items of ironmongery they shall be clearly labelled , with
metal tags approximately 50x20mm and securely fixed to the keys and handed to the Engineer .
Door closers shall be fitted a maximum of two weeks before handover .
All floor and door springs are to be fully charged with oil and their operation checked to the satisfaction
of the Engineer.
4 Standard Ironmongery For Internal Doors
54

Ironmongery is to be hard satin anodised aluminium alloy of best quality with matching screws fully
matching and integrated . Where a supplier cannot offer the particular required ironmongery the
Contractor shall produce samples of other suppliers' items most nearly matching the general ironmongery
and /or produce alternative ironmongery by the main supplier most closely conforming with the
Specification for the approval of the Engineer.
All locks are to be provided with 2 keys on a key ring neatly labelled to indicate clearly the
corresponding lock .
Any requirements for ' Master key ' locking systems will be stated in the Particular Conditions and /or on
the Drawings.
All knob sets shall include the appropriate mortice latch or lock with a 70 mm backset and with standard
faceplates and roses unless otherwise noted.
55

SECTION: 11
METAL WORKS
1 Cleanliness
All materials shall be free form scale , damage or defects . All welding , brazing or hot forging shall be
carried out by approved processes .
All metalwork shall be approved by the Engineer before starting painting works .
2 Aluminium Windows And Doors
Extruded aluminium sections should be used as approved by the Engineer .
All visible surfaces of the sections shall be brilliantly polished prior to anodising . The colour of anodising
shall be as described in the Drawings and /or Particular Specification . Samples of colour shall be
submitted for the Engineer's approval before work commences .
The sections shall be anodised to a minimum thickness of 25 microns . The supplier must submit
necessary evidence to the satisfaction of the Engineer that the thickness of anodisation is not less than 25
microns . In case of doubt the Engineer reserves the right to send sample pieces to independent testing
laboratories , at the supplier's expense . If the testing laboratory report states that the thickness or quality of
the anodisation is deficient , the Employer may ask the supplier to treat the order as cancelled and the
supplier in such a case shall indemnify the Employer of any / all losses incurred by the supplier .
All farmes shall be made to fit the actual openings with a 5mm clearance all round . Discrepancies in
overall width or height exceeding 5mm will not be allowed and the frames will be rejected in such cases .
All small discrepancies shall have the gaps suitably backed and then filled with gun- applied mastic /
sealant as approved by the Engineer .
At all opening windows and doors and where there are louvred screens and doors a flyscreen shall be
provided to the approval of the Engineer , constructed following the principles and specifications as
described elsewhere in this Specification .
Insect screens shall be in aluminium mesh, 18x16 meshes per inch. The gap between the insect screen and
the shutter shall be covered with an adaptor PVC section .
For reference to window types see general arrangement drawings and elevations .
Tolerances are to be approved by the Engineer before manufacture.
All ironmongery which is to have the same finish as the frames it is to be installed on shall be approved by
the Engineer .
The Contractor shall provide shop drawings for aluminium windows and doors which shall be submitted in
quadruplicate to the Engineer for approval .
Approval by the Engineer of the shop drawings shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities under
the Contract .
All assembly screws shall be in 18-8 stainless steel .
56

Glazing sections shall be in special heat-resisting PVC and of channel type . Separate glazing sections on
each side of the glass will not be permitted .
Sliding Windows And Doors
Weatherstripping - high density acrilan or wool weather - pile shall be used . There shall be double brushes
at every contact between shutter and frame sections for complete insulation .These shall be present
consistently throughout the unit between the inside and the outside and no portions without it are permitted
.
The rollers for sliding shutters for windows and doors shall be of an adjustable type . The adjusting screws
shall be accessible in the assembled state of the shutters and a vertical adjustment of 7mm shall be possible
.
All sections for sliding windows and doors shall be of tubular shape and the cross sectional dimensions of
same shall be not less than 60x 40 mm .
The outer frame must be suitable for accommodating sliding flyscreens as required or as directed by the
Engineer .
The handle-latch set shall have all visible surfaces of anodised aluminium or similar non-rusting material
to approval . The handle shall have a proper grip . A small projecting flange or a recess in the shutter
sections shall not be accepted to serve as a handle . The latching mechanism shall not be surface mounted
but shall be concealed within the sections .
Side Hung Windows , Doors And Ventilators
All windows and doors shall be weatherstripped with heat resistant PVC sections . The weather fighting
action shall be achieved by a positive compressive action against the PVC section and shall not depend on
an external contact with the PVC section . At every contact between two profiles two weatherstipping
sections shall be provided for complete weather protection .
The bottom sections of hinged doors shall be capable of being adjusted vertically if necessary. The gap
between the bottom section and the floor shall be covered with a pair of special flay-type PVC sections .
The shutter sections for windows and doors shall be of tubular type and shall be of overall size 57x45mm
for windows and overall size 81x45mm for doors ( including flanges ) .
The shutters of the windows and doors shall be assembled with concealed corners of high rigidity . Hinges
shall be concealed within the sections .
Hinges shall be in anodised aluminium with stainless steel pins and nylon washers . Handles shall be in
anodised aluminium and mounted with self - lubricating nylon washers .
A mortice cylinder rim automatic deadlock of high quality with double pin tumbler shall be used .
Windows shall have anodised aluminium handles and a latching mechanism securing the shutter to the
frame both at the top and bottom .
The glazing vinyl shall be in heat resisting PVC and of channel type to the approval of the Engineer.
3 Flyscreens
Flyscreens shall be fitted to all opening leaves of windows, consisting of a separate metal sub-farme filled
in with flywire as previously described . The flyscreens shall be adequately secured with suitable clips, set
57

screws or turn buckles and shall be removable for maintenace purposes . Flyscreen doors shall consist of
similar sections to the metal casement doors and shall be fitted with removable panels of flywire , in a
manner similar to that described for window flyscreens . Flyscreen doors shall be mounted where indicated
on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer .
4 Sealing Joints
The Contractor shall ensure that joints are dry and shall remove all loose material , dust and grease .
Joints shall be prepared in accordance with sealant manufacturer's recommendations using recommended
solvents and primers where necessary as approved by the Engineer .
Backing strips shall be inserted in all joints to be pointed with sealant .
When using backing strips , the Contractor shall not leave gaps and shall not reduce depth of joint for
sealant to less than the minimum recommended by the manufacturer .
Cavities shall be filled and jointed with sealant in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations .
Sealant shall be tooled to form a smooth flat bed .
Excess sealant shall be removed from adjoinig surfaces using cleaning materials recommended by the
sealant manufacturer , and shall be left clean .
5 Expansion Joint Trims etc.
The Contractor is to provide at all expansion joints in floors , roofs, ceilings , walls and columns extruded
aluminium expansion joint cover systems as appropriate and as shown on the Drawings and fixed in
accordance with their printed instructions including all necessary components and fixings .
Floor joint covers shall be 2" deep . Butt joints within continuing runs shall be a maximum of 20 feet apart
and will be sealed during installation .
Wall and ceiling joint covers shall be standard grey .
Transition pieced at changes of direction and at joints between horizontal and vertical joint covers shall be
factory fabricated .
58

SECTION : 12
PAINTING AND DECORATING
1 General
Every possible precaution shall be taken to keep down dust before and during painting processes. No paint
shall be applied to surfaces structurally or superficially damp and all surfaces must be ascertained to be free
from condensation , efflorescence etc. before the application of each coat .
Primed or undercoated woodwork and metalwork should not be left in an exposed or unsuitable situation
for an undue period before completing the painting process. No exterior or exposed painting shall be
carried out under adverse weather conditions, such as rain, extreme humidity , dust storms etc.
Metal fittings such as ironmongery etc. not required to be painted shall first be fitted and then removed
before the preparatory processes are commenced. When all painting is completed the fittings shall be
cleaned and refixed in position.
The contractor will be required to repaint at his own expense any work on which the paint is found to be
incorrectly applied. The contractor shall be responsible for protecting from damage the paint work and all
other work during and after painting operations including the provision of all necessary dust sheets , covers
etc.
Brushes, pails, bottles etc., used in carrying out the work shall be clean and free from foreign matter . They
shall be thoroughly cleaned before being used for different types or classes of material.
The number of coats stated in this specification is the minimum, and the Contractor must apply sufficient
coats to achieve a proper even finish to the approval of the Engineer .
2 Materials
The decorating materials shall be obtained from approved manufacturers and shall be supplied in the
manufacturers' sealed and branded containers .
All materials must be thoroughly stirred before use , unless not recommended by the manufacturer .
Details of mixing and application shall be in accordance with the specifications of the manufacturers
concerned and to the approval of the Engineer .
The mixing of paints etc. of different brands before or during application will not be permitted . No dilution
of painting materials shall be allowed except strictly as detailed by the manufacturers and as approved by
the Engineer .
Mordant solution shall be of approved manufacture .
Rust inhibitors shall be of approved manufacture .
Stopping for woodwork to receive clear finish shall be tinted to match surrounding woodwork , to the
approval of the Engineer .
Stopping for internal woodwork , plywood , hardboard , and fiberboard , shall be linseed oil putty , tinted to
match the colour of the undercoat .
Stopping for external woodwork shall be white lead paste and gold size well mixed .
59

Thinners shall be approved turpentine or white spirit .
Priming paints shall be :
a) For woodwork : Leadless grey priming paint in accordance with the recommendations of the
decorative coating manufacturer .
(b) For steelwork : red oxide priming paint .
(c) For galvanised, zinc or aluminum alloy surfaces : grey zinc chromate priming paint .
(d) For plaster, concrete and brickwork , ceiling boards etc.: alkali resisting priming paint in accordance
with the recommendations of the decorative coating manufacturer
Knotting shall be in accordance with BS 1336 .
Undercoating shall be :
(a) Zinc oxide based undercoating paint;
(b) White lead based undercoating paint . Colours shall approximate to the finishing paint .
(c) Synthetic alkyd based undercoating in accordance with the recommendations of the decorative
coating manufacturer .
Finishing paints shall be :
(a) Zinc oxide based oil paint :
(b) White lead based oil gloss finishing paint .
(c) Synthetic alkyd based finishing paint as approved by the Engineer .
Petrifying liquid shall be used undiluted as supplied by the manufacturer A small quantity of water paint of
the finishing colour may be mixed with the petrifying liquid .
Water paint shall be an approved brand of washable oil-bound water paint . Thinning shall be done with
petrifying liquid or fresh water only .
Emulsion paint shall be of the Polyviny1 Acetate (PVA)type obtained from an approved manufacturer . The
precise specification shall comply with the manufacturer's normal practice. In all cases thinning shall
be done with thinners supplied by the manufacturer or fresh water only .
Stain for woodwork shall be an approved brand of oil stain .
Polyurethane lacquer for woodwork shall be of an approved manufacture .
Preparation Process
3 Internal Plaster , Fair Faced Concrete And Blockwork
Surfaces shall be allowed to dry out completely and cracks shall be cut out and made good with suitable
hard plaster or cement and sand mix as appropriate , such repaired portions shall be allowed to dry out . No
painting shall be carried out on plastering less than five weeks old .
Efflorescence shall be completely removed by rubbing down with dry coarse cloths followed by wiping
down with damp cloths and allowed to dry. All surfaces shall be rubbed down with fine glass paper and
brushed free of dust before applying any form of decoration .
Surfaces which are to receive water paint shall be treated with one coat of petrifying liquid applied by brush
and allowed to dry for at least 24 hours before the application of water paint . A period of 24 hours
, or longer if necessary , shall be allowed between subsequent coats .
60

Fair faced concrete and/or cement and sand plastered surfaces which are to receive oil paint shall be given
one thin coat of oil putty and allowed to dry for at least two days .
The surfaces shall then be rubbed down with fine glass paper and given a second thin coat of oil putty and
when completely set The surfaces shall then be rubbed down with fine glass paper and given a second thin
coat of oil putty and when completely set
All surfaces which are to receive oil paint shall be treated with one coat of alkali resisting priming paint
applied by brush and allowed to completely harden .
4 Fibre Boards etc.
SOFT BOARDS : where used externally or under humid conditions will receive one coat of priming paint
and one coat of undercoat on back , face and edges .
SOFT BOARDS : where used internally will receive one coat of priming paint and one coat of emulsion
paint on back , face and edges .
HARD BOARD : composite panels will be treated in the same way as soft boards under humid conditions .
ACOUSTIC BOARDS : will be treated on the face in the same way as plaster , but the paint may be
applied by spray ; the backs and edges should not be treated .
5 Steelwork Including Windows , Louvers etc. Internally And Externally
If delivered galvanised , the surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt before priming . Where
rusting has occurred through damage to the galvanizing, such rust shall be removed by wire brushing back
to clean metal and the galvanizing made good with a rust inhibiting agent .
The surface shall then be treated with one coat of mordant solution and one coat of zinc chromate priming
paint.
If delivered primed , the surfaces shall be examined to ascertain that the priming paint is hard , firmly
adhering and in good condition . If not satisfactory , the priming paint shall be removed and the surfaces
cleaned to remove rust, and reprimed . If the condition of the priming paint is satisfactory , the surfaces
shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt , minor damage to the priming paint being made good with red
oxide priming paint after removal of rust .
If delivered unprimed and not galvanised , the surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt , and wire
brushed and scraped to remove all rust and scale before applying a red oxide priming paint .
Priming paint shall be brushed well into the surface and shall be allowed to dry and harden thoroughly
before the application of subsequent coats .
Items of steelwork such as frames to roller shutters , covers to expansion joints etc., which are to be built
into walls , shall first be primed .
6 Exposed Service Pipes
Copper and brass pipework shall have the surfaces slightly abraded with glass paper and white spirit or
similar solvent and wiped clean . No priming paint will be necessary , the surfaces being finished in two
coats of gloss paint.
Steel pipes will be treated as for steelwork with the exception that galvanised pipes are to be treated with a
zinc-chromate priming paint .
61

Coated soil pipes shall be wiped clean and treated with two coats of knotting followed by priming paint as
described below .
7 Woodwork Required To Be Painted
Surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt . The surface of teak shall be cleaned with white spirit
to remove free oil . The preparation process shall then be :
(a) KNOT : all knots shall be treated with shellac knotting
(b)PRIME : one coat of primer shall be thoroughly applied by brush to all surfaces and when dry a
further coat to be applied to end-grain surfaces .
(c) STOP : when priming paint is hard , all cracks , holes , open joints etc. shall be made good with
hard stopping and all open grain surfaces filled smooth with linseed oil putty or an approved filler
and rubbed down with fine glass paper .
No joinery shall be primed until it has been approved by the Engineer Priming shall be carried out on the
site and not in the factory .
Items of carpentry work which are to be built into walls etc. shall be first treated by twice coating with
creosote or other approved preservative .
8 Woodwork required to be not stained
Surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt. The wood shall then be stopped, filled and rubbed
down. In the case of teak free oil shall be removed by cleaning with white spirit.
Finishing Processes
9 Internal Plaster
Where emulsion paint is specified three coats shall be applied by brush in addition to any priming paint .
Where water paint is specified two coats shall be applied by brush in addition to the Petrifying liquid . The
water paint shall be thinned to the consistency of thick cream .
Where oil paint is specified this shall be two or three coat work as detailed in the particular Specification,
applied by roller or brush , but not by spray , to produce hard gloss , oil gloss , eggshell or flat finish
as required .
The finishing coat of paint to walls and ceilings shall be applied after the completion and testing of the
electrical installation . Any paint splashes on electrical fittings shall be carefully cleaned off .
10 Fibre Boards etc.
Both acoustic and plain soft or hard boards will be treated as for plaster , but the paint may be applied by
spray .
Water paint or emulsion paint shall be applied by brush to the specification of the manufacturers. Where a
board is likely to be exposed to extreme humidity, i.e kitchen and external corridors and covered ways , an
oil paint shall be used on the face after fixing .
11 Unplastered Blockwork Or Concrete
As for internal plastered surfaces .
62

Externally a cement type paint may be used , and shall be applied keeping a constantly wet edge , in strict
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions .
12 Steelwork And Exposed Service Pipes
Internally, apply one coat gloss paint over two undercoats .
Non-ferrous pipes shall be finished in two coats of gloss paint .
Externally , apply two coats gloss paint over one undercoat .
13 Woodwork Required To Be Painted
As for steelwork .
14 Woodwork Required To Be Stained And Polyurethaned
The woodwork , internally and externally , shall be stained as directed on site, rubbed down , brushed off ,
and treated with two coats of polyurethane .
15 Protection Of Factory Finished Work
The contractor is to allow for protecting all factory finished doors, frames windows , suspended ceilings
and the like at all times to ensure that factory finishes are not damaged and must make good or replace a
defective component at his own expense .
63

GLAZING
1 Sheet Glass
Sheet glass shall be flat-drawn clear sheet glass, of the substances shown below.
Nominal
Approximate Normal Maximum
Limits of thickness
Substance or
Weight
Size
thickness mm inch lb/ft2 inch
20oz 2.75-3.05 0.108-0.120 1 1/2 80x48
26oz 3.1-3.50 0.1 22-0.138 1 3/4 80x48
32oz 3.8-4.20 0.150-0.165 2 80x48
3/16 in 4.65-5.25 0.183-0.207 2 1/2 50 ft2 max width 84 in
7/32 in 5.3-5.80 0.209-0.228 3 50 ft2 max width 84 in
1/4 in 6.25-6.75 0.246-0.266 3 1/2 75 ft2 max width 84 in
2 Plate Glass
Plate glass shall be cast, rolled or drawn glass ground and polished on both surfaces , of the thickness
shown below .
Limits For Clear Plate Glass
Nominal
Approximate Normal Maximum
Limits of thickness
Substance or
Weight
Size
thickness mm inch lb/ft2 inch
3/16 3.97-5.56 0.156-0.219 2 1/2 100x72
1/4 5.56-7.94 0.219-0.312 3 1/4 175x98
3/8 9.13-10.72 0.359-0.422 5 280x130
1/2 11.91-13.49 0.469-0.531 6 1/2 156x96
3 Obscured Glass
Obscured glass shall be figured rolled glass, and of the thicknesses shown below .
Nominal
Approximate Normal Maximum
Limits of thickness
Substance or
Weight
Size
thickness mm inch lb/ft2 inch
1/8 2.94-4.4 0.116-0.173 1 1/2 100x48
3/16 4.5 -6.1 0.177-0.240 2 1/2 100x48
1/4 6.0 -7.0 0.237-0.276 3 1/2 100x48
64

4 Wired Glass
Wired glass shall be polished Georgian wired having both surfaces ground and polished and with
square mesh inserted during rolling of the thicknesses shown below .
Nominal
thickness
Limits For Wired Glass
Limits of thickness
Approximate
Weight
mm inch lb/ft2 inch
1/4 5.5-7.2 0.216-0.283 3 ½ 130x72
Normal Maximum
Size
5 Heat - Absorbing Glass
Heat - absorbing glass shall be floated glass substantially opaque to infra-red radiations of the
thicknesses shown below .
Nominal thickness : 6mm
Light transmittance : 0.49
Reflectance : 0.10
Absorptance : 0.34
Shading coefficient : 0.76
Normal maximum size: 4500 x 2500mm
Limits For Heat Absorbing Plate Glass
6 Armourplate Glass
Armourplate glass shall be toughened safety glass made of heat treated polished plate of the thickness
shown below .
Limits For Armourplate Glass
Nominal
thickness
Approximate Normal Maximum
Limits of thickness
Weight
Size
mm inch lb/ft2 inch
1/4 5.56-7.94 0.219-.312 3 ½ 2600x1520
3/8 9.13-10.72 0.359-0.422 5 3950x1520
1/2 11.91-13.49 0.469-0.531 6 ½ 3950x1520
7 Mirror Glass
Mirror glass shall be silvering Quality polished plate glass silvered on one side , copper-backed ,
varnished and painted of the thickness given in clause 2.02 . Edges of mirrors shall be beveled .
8 Putty
Putty shall only be used when specified in the Particular Specification and where possible materials
described in 14.01 shall be used .
Putty for glazing to metal shall be tropical grade metallic glazing quality and shall be approved .
9 Glazing Beads
65

Wooden glazing beads shall be of teak, splayed and rounded to the sizes shown on the Drawings and
neatly mitered and bradded .
Metal beads shall be supplied with metal windows and doors and these shall be sprung or screwed on
according to design .
10 Glazing To Wood Without Beads
The rebates shall be previously treated with one coat of priming paint and the bedding putty inserted .
The glass shall be embedded in the putty and secured by sprigs .The front putty shall be inserted to
form a triangular miter filling from the edge of the rebate to 2mm from the sight line . The bedding
putty shall be trimmed off level with the sight line to form a neat back putty .
When the putty has hardened sufficiently the painting shall be carried out and care shall be taken to
seal the joint between putty and glass by painting up to the sight line .
11 Glazing To Wood With Beads
The rebates shall be previously treated with one coat of priming paint and the bedding putty inserted .
The glass shall be embedded in the putty and secured by the beads .
The bedding putty shall be trimmed off level with the sight line to from a neat back putty and the
painting shall be carried out .
12 Glazing To Metal Without Beads
The rebate shall be previously treated either by rust proofing or priming as described elsewhere and the
bedding putty inserted. The glass shall be embedded in the putty and secured by pegs or clips inserted
in holes in the rebates.
The front putty shall be inserted to from a triangular mitred filling from the edge of the rebate to 2mm
back from the sight line. The bedding putty shall be trimmed off level with the sight line to from a neat
back putty. When the putty has hardened sufficiently the painting shall be carried out and care shall be
taken to seal the joint between putty and glass by painting up to the sight line .
13 Glazing To Metal With Beads
The rebates shall be previously treated by rust proofing or priming as described elsewhere and the
bedding putty inserted .The glass shall be embedded in the putty and secured by the Beads . The
bedding putty shall be trimmed off level with the sight line to from a neat back putty and painting shall
be carried out .
14 Glazing Without Putty
Where specified, wash leather , ribbon velvet , flannel , felt , asbestos or similar materials shall be
used in place of putty forinternal glazing in conjunction with beads . The material should be fitted so
that it covers all parts of the glass which will be covered by the rebate and bead .
15 Mirrors
Mirrors shall be fixed to walls with compressive spacers, fibre washers and chromium plated dome -
headed screws, screwed into prepared plugs let into walls and set flush with surrounding wall finish .
Mirrors used as wardrobe doors or as wall linings are to be bedded with an approved mastic on a
painted block - board backing not less than 12mm (1/2") thick to walls and 18mm (3/4") thick to doors.
Glass sizes will be whole size to doors and minimum 900mm (3'0") wide to wall linings unless
otherwise detailed , and backings continuous where possible .
Joints in backings must coincide with joints in mirrors .
66

16 Cleaning etc
The Contractor shall replace all scratched, cracked or borken glass and clean all glazing on both sides
and all mirrors before handing over .
67

SECTION 13.00
MECHANICAL WORKS
1 ABOVE GROUND DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS
1.01 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The work under this section of the specifications shall include all above ground drainage
pipework waste, soil, and rain water, complete with all drains, traps, gullies, cleanouts,
vents and all accessories, as shown on the drawings and as specified hereafter.
The above ground drainage pipes shall mean all pipework inside buildings and located as
follows:-
- Above floor slab
- Under tiles
- In walls
- At high level or low level exposed or concealed
- All vertical pipes (risers)
1.02 PIPEWORK-GENERAL
The pipes and fittings used for above ground drainage installations shall unplasticised
polyvinyl chloride UPVC and shall conform BS 4514 and BS 5255.
All change in direction in drainage pipes shall be gradual and not abrupt.
Long sweep fittings and 45-degree fittings, of solvent weld sockets type shall be used.
All pipes shall be plain ended lengths for solvent weld or seal ring connection to all
fittings.
Slope of horizontal pipes shall be not less than 1% and not more than 3%.
All pipe jointing and supporting shall be made as recommended by the pipes manufacturer.
All pipes and fittings including adapters, couplings and connectors shall be supplied by the
same manufacturer and marked with the manufacturer name, BS. number and diameter.
All pipes and fittings which serves areas of hot effluent waste water such as kitchens,
laundries, and CSSD of cast iron to BS 416 or ANSI/A21 spigot or hubless type.
Hubless cast iron system for waste and soil pipe and fittings shall utilize a sleeve-types
coupling device consisting of an internally ripped elastomeric sealing gasket with a
protective corrugated stainless steel shield by stainless steel bands with stainless steel
tighting devices.
1.03 JOINTS AND CONNECTORS
All joints for above ground drainage pipework, except for expansion joints, shall be made
by solvent weld jointing, using the solvent weld cement as recommended by the
manufacturer.
Solvent weld socket shall be used to connect two lengths of pipes.
Seal ring coupling (expansion joint) fitted with black rubber seal ring shall be provided for
each vertical pipe (not embedded) located between every two floors, and for horizontal
pipes (not embedded) at 4.0 m. intervals. The conversion from solvent weld joint pipe to
seal ring expansion joints shall be made by adding seal ring adapters.
The connection of UPVC pipes to all water closets shall be made by WC-connector with
solvent weld socket and pan seal socket.
Special UPVC connectors and adapters shall be used for connecting the pipes with
dissimilar material of other pipes or fittings such as bottle traps, P-traps of plumbing
fixtures.
The coupling assembly of cast iron pipes consists of a stainless steel shield, ban and
tightening device, and a neoprene gasket, assembled at the factory as a complete unit.
All UPVC pipes which penetrates slabs between two different one hour fire zones, shall
fitted with fire protection seals. Such seals shall comprise of sheet metal collars containing
an intumescent material which expands rapidly when subjected to intense heat.
The connection between vertical pipes and under-ground pipes shall be made by long
radius sockets bend fitted with rubber seal rings.

All hangers and supports shall be of approved types, as recommended by the pipes
manufacturer.
1.04 WATER PROOFING
Where UPVC pipes pass through roofs, they shall be provided with UPVC weathering
apron and slate to make watertight seal around the pipes at roof level.
The method of water proofing shall be made as per the manufacturer instructions.
1.05 CLEANOUTS
- Cleanouts shall be installed, to provide access to waste and soil pipes for
inspection or cleaning. All cleanouts types shall be UPVC.
- Cleanouts shall be provided as shown on the drawings, at or near the foot of every
vertical stack and no long horizontal pipe tuns at every 15 meter intervals.
- Cleanouts on horizontal pipes (not buried) shall be UPVC access cap solvent
weld to any socketed fitting fitted with screw cap and washer complete with
PTFE tape to seal thread.
- Cleanouts on horizontal and vertical pipes (not fitted to the fittings), shall be
made by access pipe with 75 mm. diameter, opening for access and sealed with
screwed cover.
- All fittings used for the connection between horizontal pipe and vertical pipe (not
buried) shall be fitted with access doors secured by two zinc plated screws and
captive nuts.
1.06 CLEANOUTS
The floor drain type (FD) shall be UPVC trapped floor gully with 110m. dia. top socket,
three side inlet sockets, and one 75 mm. dia. outlet socket equipped with screwed plug for
rodding.
Each side inlet socket shall be 50 mm. dia. blanked off and must be cut out of inlet used.
The top socket shall be fitted with 110 mm. dia. raising piece with a 150 mm. square top to
suit standard floor tiles, together with a snap-in cover that provides channel for disposal of
surface water.
1.07 FLOOR DRAIN -TYPE (FD-1)
Floor drains type (FD-1) shall consist of 100 mm. dia. UPVC p-trap, stainless steel strainer
size 150 x 150 mm and connecting pipe piece between p-trap and strainer.
1.08 ROOF DRAIN-TYPE (RD)
Roof drain shall be UPVC Domed type supplied with socket outlet of size to fit with the
rainwater pipes as shown on the drawings.
Roof drain shall be complete with removable domed grid, screws and polypropylene
washer.
Roof drains shall be installed and fixed in accordance with the manufacturer instructions.
1.09 BALCONY DRAIN-TYPE (BD)
Balcony drain shall be UPVC supplied with socket outlet of 3" diameter.
Balcony drain shall be complete with grid, screws, washers and spacer.
Balcony drains shall be installed and fixed in accordance with the manufacturer
instructions.
1.10 ROOF VENT COWL -TYPE (RVC)
Roof vent cowl shall be provided for all vent pipes as shown on the drawings.
Roof vent cowl shall be UPVC with screened cap and connected to the vent pipe by
solvent welding.

1.11-TESTING
The work shall be inspected and tested during installation.
All work which will be concealed shall be tested before it is finally enclosed.
A final test shall be made upon completion of the work for soundness and performance in
accordance with BS 5572: 1978 Code of practice for Sanitary Pipework.

2 COLD WATER SERVICES
2.01 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The cold water system shall be executed as shown on the drawings, complete with all
water distribution piping, water reservoir piping, roof water tanks, pumps, etc.
The Contractor shall be responsible for providing the main cold water supply pipe and
accessories from the city mains including obtaining the necessary permits, performing all
legal matters and making the tie-in to the water source in accordance with local codes,
regulations and requirements of the water authorities having jurisdiction and including the
provision of the water meter or orifice installation as might be required and as instructed
by the authorities or the Engineer, all on his own account.
Underground water pipes shall not be run in the same trench as sewer pipes. Adequate
precautions shall be taken for protecting underground water pipes from contamination
from any source.
2.02 PIPEWORK
A. General
Pipework inside buildings shall follow the lines of walls vertically and
horizontally and shall be graded as necessary for draining and venting. Joints in
pipework shall not be made within walls or floors. Where pipes pass through
these structures, they shall be sleeved. Where pipes pass through walls, floors, or
ceiling exposed to view, they shall be fitted with chrome plated pipe covers.
During the course of construction, open ends of pipework shall be sealed with
compression type stop ends. Paper or wood will not be allowed.
All pipe penetrations of lower and upper deck slabs and planters shall be made
with puddle flanges.
All connections of plastic pipes or copper tubes to threaded fittings shall be via
adapters. Cut threads shall not be allowed.
For more details refer to section (2).
B. Underground Pipework
Underground pipework shall be laid at a depth of a 900mm below finished level
and bedded on sand with a compaction ratio of less than 0.15, or small gravel.
Initial backfill to a cover of 300mm shall be hand consolidated. Backfill material
shall be no greater than capable of passing through a 20mrn diameter B.S. 1377
sieve. Mechanical ramming of subsequent backfill shall not commence until at
least 300mm cover has been hand compacted.
C. Building Domestic Cold Water Pipework
1. Potable Water
Domestic cold water pipework feeding water reservoir shall be of
galvanized steel manufactured to BS 1387 class B standards.
2. All domestic cold water pipework (except sanitary distribution
pipework) shall be copper tube to BS 2871 part (1) table (X) half hard
tubes supplied in straight lengths.
For more details refer to section (2).
2.03 VALVES
All valves shall be as detailed in section (2).
Valves installed inside water distribution cabinets shall be as specified elsewhere in these
specifications.
The valves shall be as specified in section (2) of the specifications.
2.04 THERMAL INSULATION

All cold water pipework exposed to view on roof shall be insulated and cladded as called
for in section (2) of the specifications.
All other cold water pipework in shafts, voids, in walls, under tile, etc., shall not be
insulated.
2.05 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING
The testing and commissioning of the cold water services shall be carried out as described
in section (2) of these specifications.
2.06 SANITARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
2.06.1 General
Sanitary distribution system shall include water distribution cabinets, cold and
hot water distribution and connection to sanitary taps.
The installations shall be as recommended by the manufacturers.
2.06.2 Water Distribution Cabinets
The cabinet shall be stove enameled wall hung type on wall bearing hanger, and
shall be exposed in the service shaft for maintenance.
The depth of the cabinet shall be 110 mm, and the dimensions shall be selected
according to the length of manifolds required as shown on the water distribution
cabinets’ schedules drawings, and to be sufficient for the installation of all valves
and fittings inside the cabinets.
Where the cabinets located within walls of ceramic tiles finish, the cabinets shall
be provided with heavy duty hinged type cover. The cover shall be of 10mm
thick fitted with ceramic tiles. The cover shall be provided with locking
mechanism. Cabinets and covers shall be approved by the Consultant.
The cabinets shall include the following components:
A. Cold and Hot Water Manifolds
The manifold shall be made from extrusive shaped, lead free dezincification
resistant, brass bar with ends female threaded, and supplied with the required
outlets: manufactured to BS 864 part 3.
Fittings shall be of types as recommended by the manufacturer.
Fittings shall be of non manipulative compression type to BS 864 Part 3 all
resistant to dezincification.
The manifold size shall be of the same internal bore as CWS & HWS feeder.
The outlet size shall be of the same internal bore as PEX pipes
distribution to the sanitary taps.
The connection of manifolds and outlets to copper and plastic tubes shall be made
properly using adaptors with O-rings. Outlets that are not required, they shall be
blanked off with plug and washer.
The manifolds shall be supported on the cabinet with adjustable horizontal
brackets.
B) Isolating Valves
Isolating valves shall be installed on CWS & HWS feeders to manifolds and to
each individual pipe connections to manifolds outlets.
The isolating valves shall be standard port ball valves with T-handle, chrome
plated dezincification free brass.
The valve size shall be of the same bore as the pipework connections. Isolating
valves shall be connected to the CWS and HWS feeders by copper elbows and
fittings.
C) Automatic Air Vents
Automatic air vent of 12mm diameter shall be provided on each manifold.
2.06..3 Sanitary Distribution Pipework
The sanitary pipework for cold water and hot water distribution from the water
distribution cabinets to the taps, mixers, etc. shall be cross linked polyethylene

plastic pipes, manufactured to ASTM F 876 -84 , ASTM F877-84 and shall
comply with and approved by the National Sanitation Fund NSF. Pressure grade
shall be 20 bar.
The pipes shall run in conduits (sleeves) to each individual outlet without using
any fittings along to the distribution cabinets.
The pipes shall be flexible type delivered coiled.
The gap between the conduit and the pipe connected to the manifold outlet shall
be sealed with approved rubber ring.
2.06.4 Connections to Sanitary Fixtures
The connections of PEX pipes to the tapes , mixers etc., shall be made using
dezincification resistant brass elbow/adapter housed in PVC box (Termination
Box) built inside the wall. The boxes shall have provision for incoming flexible
conduit.
The termination box shall have compression connection for PEX pipe on one side
and female thread for the tap, mixer connection on other.
The complete assembly shall be such that the PEX pipe can be withdrawn and
replaced without damaging the wall finish.
The connection of elbow to the tap, mixer etc. shall be made using chrome plated
angle valve complete with flexible connection
2.08 FLOAT VALVES
Float valves shall be of all bronze construction including levers and arms, with copper
float and shall be suitable for a cold water working pressure of 10 bar. Float valves size 50
mm. and smaller shall have screwed inlets and size 65 mm. and larger shall have flanged
inlets.
Float valves shall be of the full bore, equilibrium ball type, designed to close tight against
maximum pressure when half submerged. They shall have renewable synthetic rubber
valve disk and balancing piston bucket.
Float valves shall conform to BS 1212 and BS 1968.
2.09 WATER TANKS
Provision includes supply, delivery, installing, testing, commissioning, leaving in complete
working order, and maintaining during the defects liability period water storage tank as
indicated on the drawing. The tank shall be constructed by hot-press molding and GRP panel
insulation. Capacity and dimensions of the tank shall be as indicated on the drawing. The tank
shall be provided with heavy duty cover formed from standard panels and complete with
manholes and air vents.
Panels are molded at temperatures of up to 150°C, attaining the maximum material properties.
The GRP panels shall be convex shaped and sandwiched with rigid polyurethane foam
insulation of minimum of 25mm thickness. The insulated panels are used for the side, bottom
and roof of the tank. The tanks shall have smooth internal and external finish to floors, walls
and roof to prevent formation of algae, bacteria or fungi and to allow easy cleaning.
The panels shall not allow ultra-violet ray penetration. The panels must be fully pigmented and
combined with UV stabilized resins to prevent any light penetration which may cause algae
growth.
Tanks shall be constructed in metric molded in configurations of 2m x 1m or 1m x 1m, or
multiples thereof for side panels as per manufacturer’s design. Panel sections are assembled
with synthetic rubber sealant and bolted together with stainless steel SS 316 grade assembly
bolts. The tank cover shall be provided with purpose made manholes. All bolts, nuts, flanges
etc., in the water tank shall be in stainless grade SS 316.
The water tank shall be mounted firmly on to a cross girder type of steel skid base over the
concrete base. Tank shall be provided with a bracing system that is designed and optimized to
limit deformation of the structure and avoid point loadings on the panel. The panels to be
rigidly supported by a combination of stainless steel SS316 tie-rods internally and galvanized
box sections externally or with external bracings only as per the manufacturer’s design and hot
press molded GRP corner sections. The roof panels shall be supported internally by UPVC
tubular roof support struts.

Tanks shall be fitted with PVC internal ladders and external aluminum access ladders air vent
made of PVC with insect screen shall be included. The water tank shall be provided with
plastic water level indicator complete with isolating valves.
The tank shall be filled with water and allowed to stand for 48 hours and to be examined for
leaks and repaired as necessary.
2.10 ELECTRIC WATER COOLER
a) Type: Electric water cooler (Ref: W/C) shall be free floor-standing. The capacity
of the water cooler shall be 14 GPH
b) Connections: The water cooler shall be provided with electrical, water and waste
connections.
c) Filter: The water cooler shall be complete with cartridge type water filter.
Sediment cartridge shall be of durable molded polystyrene of 5 micron filtration
type.
The water filter shall be mounted on wall with factory supplied brackets.
The water piping connections shall be made via chrome plated angle valve and
flexible connections to the water supply outlet.
d) Top and cabinet: water cooler top shall be highly polished stainless steel with full
length anti-splash ridge and integral strainer. The power supply shall be 240/1/50.
The top of water cooler shall be provided with one tap for drinking of
adjustable type, and other tap for cup drink. The water cooler cabinet shall be of
heavy gauge stainless steel.
e) Condensing unit and tank: Condensing units shall be hermetically sealed and
lubricated for life. Cooling tank shall be of brass, tinned and have a minimum
working pressure of 10bar.

3 HOT WATER SERVICES
3.01 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The hot water system shall be executed as shown on the drawings, complete with all water
distribution piping.
3.02 PIPEWORK GENERAL
Pipework inside buildings shall follow the lines of walls vertically and horizontally,
and shall be graded as necessary for draining and venting. Joints in pipework shall
not be made within walls or floors, and where pipes pass through these structures
they shall be sleeved. Where pipes pass through walls, floors, or ceiling exposed to
view, they shall be fitted with chrome plated pipe covers (rosettes). During the
course of construction, open ends of pipework shall be capped with compression
type stop ends. Paper or wooden sealing ends will not be allowed.
All pipe penetrations of lower and upper deck slabs and planters shall be made with puddle
flanges.
All hot water pipework from mechanical room to the building shall be laid inside concrete
trench (together with other pipes) as shown on the drawings.
Concrete trench details shall be as shown on the structural drawings.
All connections of copper tubes to threaded fittings shall be via adapters. Cut threads shall
not be allowed.
3.03 DOMESTIC HOT WATER PIPEWORK
A. General
All domestic hot water pipework inside pump room internal external, and exposed
on roof shall be copper tube to BS 2871 Part (1) Table (X) half hard tubes supplied
in straight lengths.
For more details refer to section (2).
3.04 VALVES
All valves generally shall be as detailed in section (2).
Valves installed inside water distribution cabinets shall be as specified elsewhere in these
specifications.
3.05 STRAINERS
All strainers shall be of 10 bar working pressure rating.
Strainers shall be Y-type, with 26-mesh stainless steel screen with 0.8 mm diameter
perforations.
Strainers shall be bronze threaded to BS 21, for sizes up to and including 50 mm, and cast
iron flanged to BS 4504 for larger sizes.
3.06 THERMAL INSULATION
All hot water supply and return pipework (excluding sanitary distribution pipework) shall be
insulated and cladded as called for in section (2).
3.07 TESTING
The Contractor shall ensure that all pipework is completely clear of obstructions, debris, or
superfluous matter before any tests are applied. Pipework shall be slowly filled with water,
so as to exclude all air. The pipework shall be tested at 10 bar or 1.5 times the maximum
pressure in the system (whichever is greater) for a period of two hours without loss.
The Contractor shall give the Engineer 2 working days notice of his intention to test a
section of pipework. The Contractor must ensure that each test is witnessed by the Engineer
and shall maintain signed test reports for the complete installation.
All items of plant and pipework which are individually pressure tested may be isolated from
the system (using blanking plates) for the duration of the test. However, the complete system
shall then be pressure tested for working pressure after successful pressure testing as
described above.

4 FUEL INSTALLATIONS
4.01 LPG Storage Cylinders
Two banks, one for On-Duty and another for Stand-by operations, for refilling the storage
cylinders shall be provided to serve the kitchen. The two banks shall comprise of:-
- Gas manifold
- Pressure regulator
- Automatic change-over valve
- A manual changeover valve for emergency
- Five on Duty and five stand by 50 kg cylinders with isolating valve for each cylinder
- Manifold Control Panel connected to BMS system to indicate the one system is empty
The storage cylinders shall be of the locally approved types and in compliance to AOTC
rules and recognized Pressure Vessel Codes. They shall be supported on angle steel racks at
least 10cm above ground and protected against vandalism by mean of chains & locks.
Cylinders shall be located under sun shades to be protected from direct sunlight.
Manifolds Control Panel:
The two banks of headers shall connect to a control panel which shall automatically reduce
the high pressure gas to a low distribution gauge pressure.
4.02 Gas Manifold Header:
Each bank of cylinders shall be located beneath a high pressure Manifold Header securely
mounted to the wall at either side of a centrally mounted control panel. The headers shall
carry flexible spiral pigtail pipe on the underside for connecting to the cylinders and each
tail pipe shall incorporate a renewable non-return valve on the manifold header to allow
removal and replacement of any cylinder without interrupting the supply from others in the
same bank.
The manifold shall be fabricated from black steel pipe and black malleable iron threaded
fittings complete with shut off valves and pigtail connections. The pigtail connections shall
be of steel tubes with compression threaded type adopter and swivel nuts for connecting
manifold to cylinders.
Pressure Gauges:
The control panel shall incorporate three pressure gauges; one high pressure gauge to each
cylinder bank and one common pressure gauge on the outgoing supply to the distribution
pipework.
The gauges shall conform to B5.1780 and be of the safety pattern to Appendix D with
special precautions to Appendix E and be graduated in (bars) and in (psi).
Each gauge shall carry the name of the gas on the dial face with warning-“USE NO OIL OR
GREASE”.
Gauges shall be degreased and maintained in this condition before and after installation.
Isolating valve or cocks shall NOT be provided to gauge connections.
The dials shall be marked with a blue line at the normal working pressure and a red lne at
the minimum allowable pressure.
Control Panel Identification:
Control panel shall carry in large letters on the front the name of the gas being controled, the
letters shall be embossed, engraved or otherwise marked on so indelible. Painting or
adhesive lettering shall not be permitted.
4.03 Pipework and Fittings
All materials shall be resistant to the corrosive action of LPG and shall be of seamless to
BS1387 heavy gage with black threaded malleable iron fittings for pipes less than or equal
to 50mm and of welded black steel fittings for sizes over 50mm.
All Horizontal pipe work shall be sloped not less than 2% toward risers and appliances.

All pipeworks rimming in buildings shall be installed overhead and close to walls. They
shall not be buried or concealed, or connected by unions, running threads pr sing joints.
Branching shall be taken off for top of pipe.
Drip Legs shall be provided at bottom of all risers in locations readily accessible for
cleaning and emptying.
All screwed joints shall be made by approved PTFE tape. Sealants of thread shall be of
material suitable to LPG applications.
Valves shall be constructed to BS 2789 of steel, screwed bronze or flanged brass only.

5 HEATING SYSTEM
5.00 GENERAL
This Section of the specification covers the heating installations comprising: boilers, pumps,
radiators, expansion tank and all related works as shown on the drawings and as specified herein.
5.01 HOT WATER HEATING BOILER
A. General description and Requirements
The hot water heating boiler shall be of the fully packaged, designed and constructed in
accordance with the latest ASME Code
The boiler shall be equipped with integral forced draft fuel burning equipment specifically
supplied for burning No.2 light oil, boiler trim and accessories, operating and safety
controls, refractory and insulation all assembled, piped and wired at the factory and
delivered as a packaged unit ready for installation and operation with simple piping, power
and smoke outlet connections. The complete packaged boiler shall be approved as a unit by
the Underwriters' Laboratory and shall bear its label.
The completed unit shall be fire tested at the factory prior to shipment and a copy of the
test report shall be furnished with the boiler.
The boiler shall be subjected to shop inspection and approval by an authorized Boiler
Inspection and Insurance Co., and stamped with all identifying markings and symbols as
required by the ASME Code. A certified inspection report shall be furnished with the
boiler.
The boiler shall be insulated with minimum 75 mm thick mineral wool blanket insulation
compacted to 50 mm and covered with heavy gauge steel removable jacket with factory
applied heat resisting enamel finish.
The fuel burning equipment shall be of the forced draft type and shall comprise but not
necessarily limited to: flange mounted oil burner of the mechanical pressure atomizing
type for No.2 light oil, direct driven blower, motor, air damper, two stage oil pump
mounted on burner, oil atomizing nozzle, oil solenoid valve, oil control valve, oil supply
and return pressure gauges, fuel suction strainer, ignition transformer, ignition electrodes,
air flow safety switch, electronic flame sensing devices, low fire start interlock, working
temperature controls, high limit temperature controls, all necessary controls and linkage for
modulating firing with proved low fire start and totally enclosed electric control panel
mounted on the unit at the factory.
The control panel shall contain an electronic programming combustion safeguard control
system, magnetic motor starters with thermal overloads and low voltage release,
combustion air proving switch, manual potentiometer, manual automatic selector switch,
control circuit transformer, necessary switching relays, power on and burner on switches,
individual fused circuits for controls, signal lights indicating ignition, flame failure and low
water cutout, numbered terminal strip, color coded wiring and engraved nameplates.
Fuel air control shall provide modulating regulation of the air damper and the oil control
valve by means of a modutrol motor. The electronic programming combustion
safeguard control system shall provide modulating sequence of enforced low fire start, pre
purge, post purge, timed trial for ignition, proof of blower operation prior to opening of
fuel valves, and positive response to shut down the burner in the event of flame failure.
The boiler manufacturer shall furnish with the boiler complete shop drawings which shall
include but not necessarily be limited to : complete boiler piping and wiring diagrams with
details of control panel and all controls, interlocks and setting, boiler outline drawing with
dimensions, location of connections and flange ratings, complete installation, operation,
servicing, care and maintenance instructions, performance test report, inspection report and
one year warrantee against defects.
The boiler inlet and outlet pipe connections shall be provided with isolating valves and
thermometers of glass stem type.
The fuel oil supply pipe connection to the burner shall be provided with isolating valve, oil
filter and fire safety valve. fuel oil supply and return pipes shall be connected to the boiler
by heavy duty flexible connections.
The boiler shall be mounted on reinforced concrete base of adequate dimensions to provide
10 cms clearance on each side and above finished floor level.

B. Steel Boiler
The steel boiler shall be horizontal fire tube, scotch type of 7 bars water operating pressure
at 120°C.
The boiler shall be mounted from the factory on a heavy structural steel skid type base.
The boiler shall have not less than 0.46 m 2 of heating surface per rated boiler horsepower.
The fire tubes shall be of 3mm. steel and shall be roller expanded and beaded into the tube
sheets at each end. Welding of tubes into the tube sheets will not be accepted.
The boiler shell longitudinal joints shall be double butt welded and the girth joints full
fillet welded. All welds shall be X rayed and stress relieved as required by the ASME
Code.
The boiler shell shall be provided with an adequate number of 75 x 100 mm oval handhole
inspection openings on the sides and bottom, with an 28 x 38 mm oval manhole on the top,
with two permanently attached lifting eyes and with all necessary threaded and flanged
connections for boiler drain, water column, relief valves, controls, water inlet and outlet
and smoke outlet all as required by the ASME Code.
The hot water outlet and return connections shall be located on the top center line of the
boiler and shall be of such internal design as to provide forced internal thermal and
directional circulation in order to mix the return water with the hot water within the boiler
and prevent short circuiting, cold shocks and dead spots.
Access doors shall be provided at front and rear of the boiler to provide full access to tube
sheets and fire tubes for inspection and cleaning without disconnecting any fuel piping or
electrical wiring. The access doors shall be deviated or hinged and shall be lined with high
quality refractory, fully gasket and bolted on for complete gas tightness. The rear access
door shall be provided with refractory lined access opening to permit entry into the rear
combustion chamber without opening the door. Pyrex observation ports shall be provided
at each end of boiler for inspection of flame condition.
The boiler trim shall include but not necessarily be limited to :
1. Relief valves of type and size to comply with the requirements of the ASME
Code.
2. Steel case 150 mm. dial 0-14 bar range pressure gauge with shut off cock.
3. Cast brass 230 mm. scale 0 to 120 °C range red reading mercury thermometer
with separable socket well and extended neck.
4. Float operated low water cut off with drain valve at bottom.
5. Boiler drain valve.
6. Stack bimetallic thermometer.
The entire boiler, base frame and other components shall be factory painted prior
to shipment with a hard finish silicone enamel.
C. Cast Iron Boiler
The cast iron boiler shall be of cast iron sectional type complete with insulated jacket.
The boiler assembly shall consist of cast iron sections and factory tested to 6 bars water
operating pressure at 120 °C.
The boiler shall be provided with hinged access doors and inspection openings to provide
full access to all fire surfaces for inspection, cleaning and maintenance without
disconnecting any fuel oil piping or electrical wiring.
The access doors shall be lined with high quality refractory, fully gasket and bolted on for
complete gas tightness.
The boiler shall be provided with all necessary threaded and flanged connections for boiler
inlet and outlet, boiler drain, relief valve, controls and smoke outlet all as required by
ASME code.
The boiler trim shall include but not necessarily be limited to:
1- Relief valves of type and size to comply with the requirements of the ASME
Code.
2- Combination pressure altitude gauge and thermometer.
3- Operating and high limit thermostat
4- Stack bimetalic thermometer

5.02 PRESSURISING UNIT (EXPANSION TANK)
Refer to section (4) of this specifications.
5.03 IPEWORK
Refer to section (2) of this specifications.
5.04 PIPEWORK INSULATION
Refer to section (2) of this specifications.
5.05 VALVES
Refer to section (2) of this specification
5.06 STRAINERS
Refer to section (2) of this specification
5.07 PIPE FLEXIBLE CONNECTORS
Refer to section (4) of this specification
5.08 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATING VALVES
Refer to section (4) of this specification
5.09 TWO PORT CONTROL VALVES
Refer to section (4) of this specification
5.10 HEATING PUMPS
Split Case And End Suction Centrifugal Pump
1) Foundation and Setting
The pump and motor shall be mounted on a common cast iron or steel base plate
adequately reinforced against deflection and provided with drip rim and bolt holes.
The pump shall be directly connected to the motor through a heavy duty flexible coupling
and provided with heavy gauge coupling guard from the factory. The base plate shall be
securely supported on the foundation in such a way that proper pump and motor shaft
alignment will be assured.
Horizontal split pumps shall be of a single stage volute type , with cast iron body, fully
bronze fitted, double suction inlet, bronze impeller, flanged suction and discharge
connections.
The base plate, with pump and motor mounted on it, shall be set level on the foundation
and secured with proper size anchor bolts and completely grouted in to provide a rigid non
deflating support. Pump and motor shall be aligned at the factory.
Realignment is required after grouting in of base plate and after connecting piping.
2) Pump Construction
The pump casing shall be of high tensile strength close-grained cast iron fitted with bronze
wearing rings.
The impeller shall be bronze of the enclosed type and fitted to the shaft with stainless steel
key. The impeller shall be dynamically balanced at the factory.
The shaft shall be stainless steel amply sized to carry all axial and radial thrust. The shaft
shall be protected by stainless steel sleeves.
The pump rotating element shall be supported by heavy duty grease lubricated ball
bearings mounted in a heavy iron housing. The bearing shall be lubricated by screw type
grease cups.
The pump shall be fitted with mechanical shaft seals which shall be easily removable from
the stuffing boxes without disturbing motor and pump alignment.
The pump shall be provided with back pull-out casing for maintenance purposes.
The pump shall be provided from the factory with mating flanges for suction and discharge
connections. the pump shall be provided with nameplate.
The pump shall be furnished with grease lubricated outboard bearings provided with drain
plugs and fittings suitable for in service lubrication.

Mechanically; sealed condensing and chilled water pumps shall be provided with balanced
seals.
Mechanically; sealed heating and hot water pumps shall be provided with John Crane Code
Xp1d1 Type 1 unbalanced seals. Pumps provided with seals shall be provided with bronze
or stainless steel shaft sleeves and stainless steel Cyclo-clean filters.
Packed pumps shall be fitted with stainless steel shaft sleeves heat treated or metallized to
brinell hardness 500.
Stuffing box shall designed to accommodate a minimum five rings of packing plus spacer
ring and shall be suitable for conversion to grease or water sealing. Packing shall be
suitable for service scheduled in accordance to the pump manufacturer's
recommendations.
3) Operating Characteristics
The pump shall be selected so that the operating point of specified flow and head falls near
the point of maximum efficiency as obtained from the manufacturer published data. The
pump shall never be selected to operate near the end of its curve.
The pump shall deliver not less than 150 percent of rated flow at a pressure not less than 65
percent of rated pressure. The shutoff pressure shall not exceed 120 percent of the rated
pressure.
The impeller size shall not exceed 90% of the maximum size available for pump casing.
A pump satisfying the specified flow and head characteristics but with smaller impeller
size will be rejected. A large pump with a smaller impeller shall be selected to satisfy the
specified flow and head.
4) Pump Instrumentation
a) Relief Valve
The pump shall be provided with a relief valve set below the shutoff pressure to
provide circulation of sufficient water to prevent the pump from overheating when
operating with no discharge. A 20 mm. relief valve shall be used.
Provision shall be made for a discharge to drain.
The relief valve shall be located between the pump and pump discharge check
valve.
b) Automatic Air Release Valve
Each pump shall be provided with float operated air release valve not less than 15
mm. size, to automatically release air from the pump.
c) Pressure Gauges
A pressure gauge shall be connected to the discharge and suction side of the pump
casing.
d) Valves and Fittings
- Gate valves shall be installed on the suction and discharge piping of the
pump.
- Globe valve shall be installed on the discharge bypass piping of the
pump.
- Check valve shall be installed on the pump discharge piping.
- Strainer Y-type shall be installed on the suction piping of the pump.
- Flexible connections shall be installed on the suction and discharge
piping of the pumps.
- All valves, strainers and fittings shall be of the same size as the pipe
which they are installed.
e. In Line Centrifugal circulating Pump
The Contractor shall supply and install in line circulating pumps as shown and
detailed on the drawings.
The pump shall be inline close coupled single suction centrifugal type. The pump
shall have suction and discharge flanges of the same diameter and on the same
centreline.

The pump motor shall be of squirrel cage induction type rated for continuous
operation at ambient temperature not less than 40°C.
The motor shall be totally enclosed fan cooled type with insulation class F and
IP54 protection.
The pump casing shall be of bronze or cast iron with gun metal impeller and
stainless steel shaft. The construction shall have a pressure rating not less than 10
Bar at 85°C.
Pipe connections including fittings, valves, instrumentations etc. shall be as
shown on the drawings.
Impeller sizes shall not exceed 80% of maximum size available for pump casing.
5.11 PACKAGED VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS
Refer to section (4) of this specification
5.12 SMOKE PIPES
A. Construction
1. The smoke pipes for chimney stack and breaching shall be manufactured in
accordance with DIN 18160 under quality controlled factory conditions. It shall
be of twin wall construction having a 25mm insulated annuals between the inner
and outer casing. For the exposed chimney the insulation thickness shall be
50mm.
2. chimney sections and fittings shall twist lock together with a 1/8 turn using
mating male and female couplers. A locking bank secured by a toggle clip, shall
be fitted at each joint. The outer casing shall be fixed to the couplers at each end
and shall form the structural load bearing component. The inner liner shall be free
to move as the flue gas temperature fluctuates.
B. Approval License
Smoke pipes should be provided with the DIN 18160 – approval mark.
C. Quality Assurance
The smoke pipes shall be manufactured under a Quality Assurance scheme administered
by the British Standards Institute in accordance with BS 5750 part 2:1987, ISO 9002-1987,
EN 29002-1987. Copies of appropriate certificates to be provided by the manufacturer.
D. Fire Rating
The smoke pipes should have a fire rating for stability and integrity of not less than 120
minutes as laid down in BS 476: Part 20: 1987. This would prevent the spread of fire from
one compartment to another when fire stopped correctly providing that the structure
through which it passed had a fire rating equal or greater. Copies of fire rating certificate
should be available.
E. Performance
Working Pressure : Zero or negative at appliance outlet
Temperature (Max.) : 540°C constant firing
: 760°C intermittent firing.
Minimum : Inner liner not to be less than 10°C above acid dew
point temperature.
F. Components
1. The smoke pipes shall comprise of a full range of lengths, fittings, terminals and
accessories necessary to provide a complete chimney system.
2. The load bearing and wind load capacity of all components when installed within
a system shall have been determined by the manufacturer using appropriate
structural tests and analysis. Details of the maximum loading for each item shall

e indicted in the installation instructions. The contractor shall submit to the
“Engineer” relevant test reports in support of the above on demand.
3. A complete set of the bolts and nuts necessary for the correct assembly of each
accessory shall be provided with each unit by the manufacturer.
G. Materials
Materials shall be as per the following schedule. Stainless steel shall be used throughout
for the manufacture of all gas carrying components.
1. Lengths and Fittings
Inner Liner - 316 grade
Outer Casing - 304 grade
Locking Bands - 304 grade
Terminals - 316 grade
Accessories - 304 grade
Flashings - Aluminum and zincon
2. Material Thickness
Inner Wall - 1mm
Outer Casing - 0.7mm
Stainless steel as BS 1449 Part 2.
Flashings’ aluminum / zincon
Aluminum as BS 1470: 1987 99% pure
Zincon as BS 6561: 1985
H. Insulation
The annulus between the inner liner and outer casing shall be packed to a constant density
with Mineral wool fiber to give a thermal resistance of not less than 0.3m2 K/W at 200°C
hot face temperature.
Natural rock or blast furnace slag melts spun into fine fibers.
The heat resistance, stability and non-combustibility in accordance with DIN 4102.
Thermal conductivity to be measured in accordance with DIN 52612.
I. Installation
1. A set of installation instructions covering the installation of all components and
accessories shall be provided by the manufacturer. They shall be packed with the
components and accessories so as to be readily available to the installer on site.
The installation of the complete system shall be strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
2. The manufactures load bearing and lateral support accessories must be used in
every case. Where the accessories require to be extended to suit site conditions an
approved extension bracket shall be supplied and fitted.
3. Adequate access shall be provided through the smoke pipes to enable service
personnel to clean the system without dismantling the chimney.
4. A condensate collector, as provided by the manufacturer, shall be installed
throughout the system as necessary. The collector shall be fitted with a screwed
boss to facilitate the installation of a drain pipe.
5. The smoke pipes shall be fixed to the boiler outlet using a boiler adapter provided
by the chimney manufacture. The adapter to be packed with fiber rope and fire
cement to provide a gas tight seal. If necessary a purpose – made adapter shall be
provided to make the transition from the boiler outlet to the manufacturer’s
adapter
6. A draught regulator shall be provided for each boiler.
7. Rain water cap shall be provided.
J. Packaging
1. Chimney components shall be adequately packaged at the factory to provide
protection during transit or site storage. Large components shall be packed in
cardboard cartons and strapped. Small components shall be vacuum packed in
clear film on cardboard and complete with assembly hardware.

2. The manufacturer’s catalogue number shall be clearly marked on all packages.
5.13 WATER TREATMENT
Refer to section (4) of this specification
5.14 DOSING POT
Refer to section (4) of this specification
5.15 DRAINAGE AND FLUSHING OF SYSTEM
Refer to section (4) of this specification

6 SANITARY FIXTURES
6.01 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The Contractor shall furnish and install all the sanitary fixtures as shown on the Drawings and as
specified below, complete with all their trim and accessories as specified..
Sanitary fixtures shall be of vitreous china to BS 3402, unless otherwise specified and of color as
specified. Fixtures shall have smooth glazed surface free from warp, cracks, flaws, discoloration or
other imperfections. Imperfect fixtures will not be accepted.
Sanitary fixtures shall be supplied complete with all required metal trim and accessories, as
specified, including but not necessarily limited to faucets, wastes, traps, supplies, stop valves, wall
flanges, hangers, plates, brackets, anchors, supports, soap holders, toilet paper holders, etc.
All exposed piping and metal trim for the sanitary fixtures shall be chrome plated brass to BS 5750
Part(1) with polished finish.
All vitreous china accessories shall match the sanitary fixtures and shall be of the same
manufacture and colour.
All sanitary fixtures, trim and accessories shall be the product of a reputable and approved
manufacture and as far as practicable shall be procured from one manufacturer unless specified
otherwise.
Sanitary fixtures and their trim and accessories shall be installed in a neat, finished and uniform
manner as directed by the Engineer. They shall be set straight and true and securely attached to the
supporting surfaces. Roughing shall be accurately laid out to conform with finished walls and
floors.
The colour of sanitary fixtures shall be white for all fixtures unless other wise directed by the
architect.
Sanitary fixtures shall be connected to the drain and water supply pipes in an approved gastight and
watertight manner and as detailed on the Drawings.
Strap or padded wrenches shall be used on chrome plated pipe, fittings, valves and other trim.
Sanitary fixtures, metal trim and accessories shall be thoroughly cleaned of labels, plaster, paint
droppings and all foreign matter and shall be well polished and tested for perfect working condition
before turning them over to the Employer.
Concealed brackets, hangers and plates shall be painted as directed by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a list of all fixtures, trim and accessories that he
proposes to use indicating manufacturer, type and model number, with descriptive catalogues
clearly marked as to the item proposed.
The Contractor shall submit samples of all fixtures, trim and accessories when asked to do so by the
Engineer. Te Contractor shall not charge the Employer with the cost of such samples nor shall he
use any item different from the approved sample.
6.02 W.C. FLOOR MOUNTED
White vitreous china, complete with the following trim and accessories:
- Solid plastic seat without cover, hygienic open fromt design with stainless steel hinge,
rubber washers and plastic screws and nuts.
- 9 liter low level cistern and valve less fitting including syphone, side inlet ball valve,
internal overflow, plastic flush bend, inter connection and reversible chrome plated
cistern lever and cistern support.(internal) Chrome plated angle valve with copper
tube flexible connection and escutcheon.
- W.C. plastic outlet connector.
- W.C. bowel P-trap.
- Toilet paper holder, screw fixed to wall, satin finish.
6.03 SHOWER TRAY
The shower tray shall be made of white vitreous china 800x800 mm. shower tray with antistlipbase
and 150 mm. wall height, complete with the following trim and accessories:
- Chrome plated grid waste fitting 15mm.
- Single lever shower mixer 15mm, wall mounted.
- Bath / shower diverter with non return valve in shower outlet.
- Shower rail, 600mm with wall brackets, sliding piece and swivel holder.

- Hand shower.
- Shower hose 1500mm, chrome plated.
6.04 WASH BASIN
A. Normal Wash Basin
White, vitreous china,560 x 450mm semi-pedestal with overflow and single hole faucet,
complete with the following trim and accessories:
- One hole single mixer.
- Pop-up waste fitting.
- Chrome plated trap 32 mm dia.
- Two angle valves with escutcheon and copper tube flexible connections.
- Soap dish of stainless steel.
- Wall brackets.
6.05 CLEANER SINK
Cleaner Sink shall be made of white enameled fireclay and the overall dimensions shall be 465 x
410 x 285mm. it shall be complete with the following trim and accessories
- Hardwood pad and stainless steel grating.
- Legs and bearers.
- Wall mounted mixer 15mm dia.
- Grid waste fittings 40mm dia.
- Built-in brackets screwed to wall.
- Plastic bottle trap 40mm dia.
-
6.06 PAPER TOWEL DISPENSER
Paper towel dispenser dispenses 300 C-fold or 400 multi-fold paper towels, and shall be made of
304 stainless steel satin finish. Rough wall opening 300 mm W x 450 mm. H x 100 mm. D.
6.07 HOOK STRIP
This shall be made of stainless steel, and shall be satin finished. The hook shall be 25mm. W. and
165 mm. H. and projecting 57 mm. from wall. It shall be mouting tip 102 mm. H. 61 cm. Length
with 3 hooks.
6.08 STAINLESS STEEL ANGLE FRAME MIRRORS
Framed mirrors one piece roll formed frame shall be 20 mm. x 20 mm., type 304 stainless steel
angle with satin finish. The frame shall have continuous integral stiffener on all sides for added
strength, and special level design hugs mirror. The corners are heliarc welded, ground and polished
smooth No. 1 quality 6 mm. float/plate glass mirror electrolytically copper plated. It shall be
guaranteed against silver spoilage for 15 years. Mirror edges shall be protected by 3 mm. thick,
waterproof shock absorbing poyethylene padding. 20 gauge galvanized steel back attached to frame
with concealed screws, mirror shall be installed on concealed wall hanger and secured in place by
two stainless steel locking screws.
6.09 SOAP DISH
The one piece soap dish shall be made of stainless steel and shall be welded to support arm and
flange. It shall have drain holes and two rid gest support bar of soap. The dimensions shall be 115
mm. W. x 50 mm. H. projects 86 mm. from wall.
6.10 SHOWER CURTAIN
This shall be vinyle shower curtains, opaque, matte white vinyl 0.2 mm. thick, Nickel plated brass
grommets along top, one every 150 mm. bottom sides hemmed 12 hooks required. Length 1600
mm

7 VENTILATION
7.01 TOILET EXTRACT FANS
Toilet extract fan units shall be of twin centrifugal cabinet type with one fan on duty and the other
fan as stand by. Fan operation shall be controlled by built in controller to alternate operations and to
operate the standby fan, should the on duty fan fails, provided all in accordance with the following
requirements, as scheduled on the Contract Drawings and in the positions shown on the Drawings.
All fans shall be of belt driven motors.
The housing of units shall contain all components of the unit except the terminal box for electrical
connections. The housing shall be provided with dust-protected access covers to IP54 of BS5490 for
inspection, and replacement, of all components. No electrical component shall be fixed to or
supported by any access cover. A galvanised mild steel terminal box shall be securely fixed to the
outside of the casing in a suitable position. Units to be located in plant rooms may be supplied in
chassis form, where specified. Unless otherwise specified the fans shall be arranged for automatic
changeover.
Housing and cowls of externally mounted units shall be weatherproof and manufactured from
galvanised mild steel or aluminium alloy sheets, or glass reinforced plastics to BS 3532, assembled
with compatible and non-corroding nuts, bolts, washers and ancillary items.
Discharge outlets shall be weatherproof and include guard screens to IP20 of BS5490, to prevent
finger contact with electrical and moving parts. Each fan damper shall close when the fan is deenergised.
All items shall have a non-corroding finish.
Except where otherwise specified, dual fans and motors shall be fitted on common base-plates, all
supported on anti-vibration mountings.
Backdraught dampers shall have edge seals and shall open and close fully. All blades shall be
mechanically linked or close by gravity or light springs and be galvanised mild steel except where
specified otherwise.
Fan failure in units of less than 500W fan shaft power shall be sensed and indicated from switches
operated by damper blade movement, except where specified to be otherwise. Double throw airflow
switches shall be used in units above 500W shaft power.
The unit casing shall be manufactured in aluminium alloy of rectangular section and shall house
twin independent removable fan assemblies comprising direct driven double inlet forward curved
centrifugal impellers running in metal scrolls. The discharge outlet shall incorporate back draft
shutter. The fans shall be fitted with air flow sensors and shall discharge into a common outlet
plenum chamber through a linked shutter system. Motors to BS 5000 shall have ventilated
enclosures and sealed for life sleeve bearings. Motors shall be held to scroll frames through resilient
mounts. Motors and flow switches shall be pre wired to an electrical isolator casing accessible from
external to the unit.
A rectangular inlet spigot shall be fitted to the base complete with flexible connector.
The unit casing shall be closed by a top cover, easily removable for access to the fans for servicing
and maintenance purposes. The units shall be acoustically lined and non rusting fasteners shall be
used throughout.
7.02 CENTRIFUGAL TUBULAR FANS
Tubular centrifugal type fan shall be backward curved or airfoil blades design with no over-loading operating
characteristics, and with high efficiency. The fan shall include a flat wheel back plate with cast iron or
fabricated steel hub and accurately formed spun shrouds. The wheel shall be dynamically balanced to
commercial tolerances.
Fans shall be suitable for indirect drive by matched V belts and pulleys, where the system allows
low flow.
Fans shall be selected for slow speed running low sound level and high efficiency. All fans shall be
selected to be capable of being operated by at least 10% in capacity over the design volume
specified
Fans shall be provided with 1 speed 2 speed or 3 speed motors as indicated on the equipment
schedule with Class “F” insulation with protection to IEC 34 5 Group IPW 54 and integral overheat
protection.
Fan casings and scrolls shall be fabricated from heavy gauge mild steel plate adequately stiffened
and supported. Fan casings shall be rigid and completely free from vibration and drumming and
capable of with standing the pressures involved without leakage or distortion. Fan casings shall be
continuously welded construction split as required to pass through available unit access doors.

Fan casings shall be bolted construction for ease of installation, the number of sections being
dependent upon the size of the fan and access available for future removal and replacement.
Bearing blocks shall be carried on opposite sides of the fan casing on bearer bars forming a part of a
rigid fabricated steel structure integral with the casing.
Fans shall be complete with:
a) Backward curved / or airfoil blades
b) Inlet cone
c) All welded fan casings with reinforced outlets
d) Side support frames
e) Polished high grade steel fan shaft on with lubricating roller bearings
f) TEFC electric motor rated for continuous operations in ambient temperature up to 50°C
g) V belt drive
h) Galvanized wire mesh guards constructed and fitted to satisfy all relevant safety legislation
i) Rolled steel channel base frame
j) Anti-vibration mountings
k) Flexible inlet and outlet flexible connections
Laundry Exhaust fans components shall be constructed to operate continuously at not less than
200°C.
All fan sets shall be finished with one priming coat and two coats of gloss. The impeller shall be
finished in a contrasting colour. All fan sets shall be tested at Works and installed strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

8 STANDARDS
8.01 INTRODUCTION
This General Specification indicates the minimum standard of Work, workmanship and materials
necessary for the execution of the Contract to the approval of the Engineer and the true intent of this
Specification and associated Drawings.
8.02 DESIGN STANDARDS
The installation shall conform to:
a) The general and specific requirements of the local water authority, public health officer,
local drainage inspectorate and other local statutory authorities.
b) Local authority by laws and other regulations.
c) General and specific requirements of the local fire officer.
d) Relevant codes of practice of the British Standards Institution.
e) The requirements of the insurance companies concerned.
f) National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)
g) American Society for Heating,Refrigeration, and air Conditioning specifications
(ASHRAE).
h) The regulations for the electrical equipment of buildings, (current edition) published by the
Institution of Electrical Engineers, London.
j) The recommendations of the manufacturers of all materials, plant and equipment.
i) Department of health and social security (U.K.), (D.H.S.S.) health building system
engineering nucleus, Volumes 3 and 4C.
m) National Plumbing Code.
n) Guidelines for design and construction of Hospital and health care facilities.
8.03 CONTRACTOR'S PLANT AND TOOLS
The Contractor, unless otherwise specified, shall provide all materials, tackles, slings, scaffolding,
ladders, haulage, labor and apparatus necessary for the supply, delivery and erection of the plant on
site.
The Contractor shall be responsible for providing at his own expense, all the requirements such as
hand tools, hand lamps, and transformers, where necessary, to carry out the works including all
cabling and intermediate connections from supply point to location of work. All wiring, cabling,
etc., serving temporary installations are to be designed, installed and operated, as to be safe and in
full accordance with the appropriate regulations.
As soon as any part of the Contractor's Site establishment or plant is no longer required for carrying
out the Works, the Contractor shall disconnect and remove the same to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
8.04 PIPEWORK CONNECTIONS
The Contract shall include all pipework and connections to all sanitary fittings, basins and
equipment as detailed on the Drawings and Architectural Loaded Drawings.
8.05 MATERIALS
All materials, plant and equipment shall comply fully with any relevant British Standard
Specification or Code of Practice current at the time of tendering.
The Engineer reserves the right to inspect materials, plant and equipment on Site at reasonable
times and to reject any of the same not complying with the Specifications.
The cost of dismantling and re-erection of the installation occasioned by the removal of rejected
materials, plant or equipment shall be borne by the Contractor.
8.06 STANDARDS
Corresponding parts of all apparatus shall be interchangeable and where mechanical or electrical
details are used or which any part of parts are covered by a British Standard Specification, all such

parts are to be made in accordance with such specification as shall be issued at the date at which the
parts have been ordered.
Except where otherwise specified, all bolts, nuts and stud screws thread shall be metric and all pipe
threads to be to B.S. pipe threads standards.
8.07 TRADE CUSTOMS AND PRACTICE
The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for arranging and ensuring that the various classes of
work comply with local trade customs and practice and shall provide accordingly in his Works.
8.08 DIMENSIONS
The Contractor shall take his own dimensions on Site for all plant and material to be supplied by
him and shall be entirely responsible for the accuracy, of his measurements.
8.09 SETTING OUT
The Contractor shall set out the Works in accordance with his installation working drawings.
8.10 NAMEPLATES
All plant and apparatus supplied under this Contract shall be provided with brass nameplates,
bearing the maker's name shop or reference number, size, type, test and working pressure, speed
and other relevant particulars engraved thereon.
8.11 INTERRUPTION OF SERVICES
The Contractor shall not, without permission of the Engineer, interrupt or interfere with the
operation of existing services such as water, electric lighting and power, buried cables, sewers,
drains, etc., nor, in the case of works of statutory authorities or private owners, without the
permission of these authorities or owners.
In the event of any such damage, the Contractor shall be responsible for the making good of same
to the satisfaction of the Engineer, authorities or owners, as the case may be.
8.12 MISUSE OF MATERIALS
No materials brought on to Site for incorporation in the Works shall be used for scaffolding or any
other temporary purpose.
8.13 VOUCHERS
The Contractor, at the request of the Engineer, must produce invoices, paid or unpaid, or accounts if
required as proof that the goods are in all respect as herein specified.
8.14 OBSTRUCTIONS
No extra charge shall be made for moving or circumventing any obstruction or other Contractor's
equipment that may be laid on the Site and the Contractor must, therefore, allow in his tender for
these and any other contingencies likely to arise.
8.15 INSPECTION, TESTING AND REJECTION
The Engineer shall be entitled during manufacture to inspect, examine and test the materials and
workmanship for all plant to be supplied under the Contract, whether at the Contractor's or
manufacturer's premises or on the Site. Such inspection, examination or testing shall not release the
Contractor from any obligation under the Contract. The whole of the installation shall be tested on
completion (in the presence of and to the satisfaction of the Engineer or his representative) in the
relevant Sections of this Specification as applied to the particular installation concerned.
Certificates of test, in duplicate, must be furnished by the Contractor to the Engineer, for all plant or
materials specified to be tested at maker's works.
The tests on Site specified hereinafter are to be carried out in the presence of the Engineer or his
Representative. The accuracy of all tests is to be to the satisfaction of the Engineer, whose decision
shall be final.
The Contractor shall provide free of charge on the Site at his own expense and/or the
manufacturer's works, such labor, materials, apparatus and instruments as the Engineer may
consider requisite from time to time and as may reasonably be demanded to efficiently test the
plant, materials or works as far as completed, until the plant is accepted as a whole by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall at all times give facilities to the Engineer or his authorized representative to
accomplish such testing.

The Contractor shall demonstrate, if required, the accuracy of any instrument used for testing.
At least seven days' notice must be given by the Contractor of any test carried out on the Site to
enable the Engineer or his authorized representative to be present if they so desire.
Testing of pipes and other apparatus as specified under the various Sections of Specifications may
be required to be carried out in parts against testing as a whole and the Contractor must provide
accordingly in his tender.
Should the Works on testing not conform to the Specifications, the Contractors must make them so
conform at his own expense and, if he fails to do so within a reasonable period, not exceeding
fourteen days, the Engineer shall be at liberty to call upon him to remove the defective part and
reinstate without cost to the Employer.
8.16 INSPECTION BEFORE CONCEALMENT
Whenever work subsequently to be concealed, requires inspection or testing due notice of at least
seven days shall be given to the Engineer so that inspection may be made or tests witnessed before
concealment.
Failure to give due notice may necessitate the Contractor uncover the work and re install it at his
own expense.
8.17 VALVE LABELS
The Contractor shall supply and fix on all valves and stop cocks throughout the system, white
ivorine labels with black engraved lettering to provide a clear indication of the precise function of
the valve. Each label shall be numbered to agree with the Schedule of Valves and the 'As Fitted'
drawings.
8.18 THERMAL INSULATION - GENERAL
All items of thermal insulation work covered by this Specification shall be carried out by an
approved specialist thermal insulation contractor. Only skilled operatives in this field of work shall
be employed. The Contractor shall be deemed to have included for all works specified to be carried
out by the aforementioned specialist.
The Contractor shall ensure that he is acquainted with all of the Conditions of the Works,
specifications, hours of working, completion date(s), etc., at tender stage and he shall complete all
Works within the program specified. The thermal insulation work shall not be commenced, unless
otherwise approved in writing, until the whole or part of the installation has been completed and
tested as set out in the relevant pipework, plant and air distribution Sections of the Specifications.
All thermal insulation shall be as detailed hereafter, unless specifically detailed otherwise under the
relevant Clause of the Technical Specifications.
Thermal insulation shall conform with all relevant parts of the building regulations, and to BS
5422-5970.
Insulation materials shall comply with BS 3927 & BS 3958. Thermal insulation of the buried pipes
services shall comply with BS 4508.
8.19 THERMAL INSULATION IN VOIDS SHAFTS AND DUCTS
Where pipes and ducts are installed in buildings voids, shafts and ducts and in any position
otherwise indicated on the tender drawings, they shall be insulated as follows:
a) Pipework:
All pipework, carrying fluids as specified under item 2.19 shall be individually insulated
with performed glass fibre sections with white lacquered aluminum foil Kraft laminate
covering secured with an approved adhesive and circumferential joints sealed with tape, all
to conform with Class '0' spread of flame.
Alternatively chilled water pipework shall be individually insulated with Class '0' foil
backed rigid Nilflam sections with all longitudinal and circumferential joints secured with
an approved adhesive and then sealed with Class '0' aluminum tape to provide a
continuous vapor seal.
Aluminum bands shall be applied to all insulation at approx. 300 mm. centres.
Where bends and offsets occur, the insulation shall be tailored to suit.
The thickness of insulation shall be in accordance with the Appendix at the end of this
Section of the Specifications.
Polished aluminum and cappings shall be provided to close all insulation terminations.
b) Pipework Fittings:

All valves, flanges, unions and all other items requiring access for maintenance shall be
insulated as follows:
1) Chilled Water Fittings: Insulated in accordance with (a) above with mitered
removable sections to provide a continuous vapor barrier.
2) H.W. Steam and Condensate Fittings on Pipework 40mm diameter and above:
Insulated with removable casings as detailed under Plant Rooms and adjoining
insulation fitted with aluminum end caps.
3) All Other Fittings: Adjoining pipe insulation to be fitted with aluminum
end caps.
8.20 THERMAL INSULATION EXTERNALLY
Where pipes and ducts are installed externally on roof top plant rooms or in external underground
trenches or in other wet areas internally, (i.e. showers, bath areas, etc.) and in any other positions
otherwise shown on the tender drawings, they shall be insulated as follows:
a) Pipework:
All pipework, carrying hot or cold water and steam and chilled water, shall be individually
insulated with plain performed glass fibre sections.
Chilled water pipework shall be individually insulated with rigid fiberglass rigid
performed sections or with Nilflam sections with all longitudinal and circumferential joints
secured with an approved adhesive.
Self-adhesive tape bands shall be applied to all insulation at approx. 300 mm. centers.
Where bends and offsets occur, insulation shall be tailored to suit.
The thickness of insulation shall be in accordance with the Appendix at the end of this
Section of the Specifications.
All insulated pipework shall then be covered with 0.8mm thick Polyiso-butylene (PlB)
sheeting with 50 mm. overlaps on all circumferential and longitudinal joints. And shall be
finally cladded with 0.8mm stucco embossed aluminum cladding.
b) Pipework Fittings:
All valves, flanges, unions, etc., on all pipework carrying hot or cold water and steam shall
be insulated as detailed in (a) above.
8.21 THERMAL INSULATION OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
a) Boiler Flues:
All flues from oil and solid fuel fired boilers, boilers fired by forced draught gas burners
and flue ducting serving multi-boiler installation, shall be insulated with a 50mm thick foil
faced rigid section glass fiber Lamella slabs, secured with tie wires formed of three-turns
of 1mm diameter wire spaced at 450mm centers.
The insulation shall then be covered by 0.8 mm. thick stucco embossed aluminum
sheeting, securely riveted. Where flanges and spigots occur, the insulation shall be
terminated at each side of the flange with a neat return edge and the aluminum finish
butting up to the flange. The flange to be then covered with a removable casing, as detailed
under Boiler house and Plant Rooms.
The whole of the insulation shall be arranged to accommodate the movement of expansion
and contraction.
Removable clean out doors shall be provided in all horizontal sections of flues at no
greater than 5m centers. All clean-out doors shall be of double skin construction, having
50mm integral insulation and be attached by adjustable quick release fasteners.
Door sealing shall be by means of securely attached noncombustible rope.
c) Internal Cold Water Storage Tanks:
All surfaces of internal tanks shall be insulated with 40 mm. thick foil faced rigid
isocyanurate foam panels secured by suitable adhesive.
All joints shall be sealed with a 100 mm. wide tape to provide a continuous vapor barrier.
All corners shall be strengthened with rigid aluminum angles and the tank shall be clad
with 0.6 mm. stuccoembossed aluminum sheeting, securely riveted and fixed with a
suitable adhesive.
On externally flanged sectional tanks, the insulation shall be secured to the aluminum
sheet by suitable adhesive.

The composite panels shall then be fixed by means of suitable aluminum angle and T
sections, all securely fixed to present a rigid finish. The panels shall be arranged so as to
be demountable for flange access.
d) External Cold Water Storage Tanks (if required in BOQ):
External water storage tanks shall be insulated with 50mm thick rigid isocyanurate foam
slabs, secured with an approved adhesive, reinforced with 25 mm. mesh galvanized wire
netting and coated with two coats of fibre-filled bitumen emulsion trowelled smooth and
even, having scrim cloth or hessian embedded in the final coat.
8.22 THERMAL INSULATION PROTECTION
Any pipework or ductwork, which is insulated but which is likely to be accidentally damaged
during maintenance or in gaining access to an area of void or at low level ( constrained at 2 meter
high from FFL) of plant rooms, shafts (Open in Tunnel) Tunnel and Roofs etc., shall be additionally
protected with 0.8 mm. thick stucco embossed aluminum sheeting. Any damage within the contract
period, which may occur as a result of non-compliance with the requirements, shall be made good
at no cost to the Employer.
8.23 PAINTING IN PLANT ROOM
a) All un-insulated pipework, ductwork, flanges, unions, valves, trench covers and handrails
shall be treated as Method 5.
b) All steel pipework to be insulated shall be treated as Method 1.
c) All boiler flues, grit arrestors, chimney flues and other surfaces designed to operate at
temperatures in excess of 200 °C shall be treated as Method 4.
d) All support detailed in Clause 2.56 to be galvanized shall be treated as Method 2.
e) Supporting steelwork for hoppers, gantries, hotwells, silos, tanks and all other structural
steelwork shall be treated as Method 3.
f) All black steel hot wells, hoppers, silos, tanks and other fabricated mild steel equipment
not detailed elsewhere shall be treated as Method 3 unless stated otherwise elsewhere in
the Specifications.
g) All insulated ductwork shall be treated as Method 6.
h) All equipment and plant delivered to site in a pre-finished condition shall have all damage
made good prior to handover.
8.24 PAINTING IN VOIDS, SHAFTS AND DUCTS
a) All un-insulated pipework shall be treated as Method 5.
b) All steel pipework to be insulated shall be treated as Method l.
8.25 PAINTING EXTERNALLY
Painting externally shall be in accordance with that detailed for Plant Rooms with the following
exceptions.
a) Where supports are installed in concealed positions, i.e. underground trenches and tunnels
trenches etc., they shall be hot dip galvanized only.
b) Insulated ductwork shall be treated as detailed under 'insulation'
.
rendering selection)
8.26 PROTECTIVE PAINTING
Provide a heavy field coat of black asphalt paint on all steel pipe, cradles, vibration isolating
mounts, and the like, that will be encased or partially encased in building construction, set in
cement or fill, before items are built into the general construction. Kitchen range hood ducts and
boiler breeching shall be painted with heat resistant paint.
Coat interior of each outdoor air chamber with two coats of odorless, rust resisting, non-scaling
paint.
Interior of ducts at register boxes should be painted by applying two coats of black paint to a dull
finish.
All pumps, motors, fans and all other factory manufactured and assembled apparatus shall be
factory coated with one coat of primer and one coat of machinery enamel, and after installation
shall be cleaned and touched up to repair any damage incurred during construction.
IDENTIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

Provide three sets of charts or diagrams, on cloth, showing outline plans of structures and essential
features of the several systems, including all piping, ducts, equipment, valves, dampers and
controls.
All valves, dampers, and controls shall be designated by distinguishing numbers on the charts or
diagrams. provide stamped brass tags for all designated items with numbers corresponding to those
on the charts. The nomenclature to be used on these tags shall be submitted for approval
The tags shall be not be less than 50mm (2in) in diameter with depressed black numbers of 15mm
(1/2 in) height, prefixed by the letters "HVAC". They shall be fastened to valves and controls with
approved brass chains and hooks.
Piping identification shall be in conformance with the following:-
- Provide and affix approved adhesive bands identifying the service, by stem and zone, and
direction of flow to the various piping systems. Such bands shall be provided in all
occupied and unoccupied rooms as well as in all the other spaces (such as shafts) in which
piping may be viewed. A set of such bands shall be affixed to each pipe not less frequently
than every forty feet and there shall be at least one set of identifying bands per pipe in each
space requiring identifying bands. Identifying bands shall also be provided adjacent to
each valve. Valves at equipment and pumps do not require separate identification.
- Each set shall consist of one and on which the name of the service is printed in black
letters not less than 50mm (2in) high for pipe 65mm (2/1/2in) and smaller and one band on
which is printed a black directional arrow. Bands shall be pplied where they can be easily
read and with their one dimension parallel to the axis of the pipe. Bands shall have
backgrounds of different colors for the various service groups as follows:-
8.27 THERMAL INSULATION IDENTIFICATION
All insulation and exposed pipework installed throughout the Project shall be identified by color
code/safety indication and basic color identification bands as B.5.1710.
The safety color and color code, indication bands shall be 100 mm. wide, between two basic color
identification bands, each of a length of 150 mm, generally as shown on the Appendix II of this
Section of the Specifications. The identification shall be at centers of not more than 3 meters and
adjacent to all valves, items of plant, changes in direction and point where the pipework passes
through walls, floors, etc.
Pipe contents and designation (i.e. HW, Chilled Water Flow, South Side), pipe sizes, flow and
return designation and direction flow arrows in black, shall be applied to the basic color
identification band as detailed in appendix 'E' of B.5.1710.
Colors for color code/safety indication and basic color identification shall be as detailed in
Appendix 'D' of B.S.1710, the main service being shown in Appendix II of this Section of the
Specifications.
8.28 INSTALLATION OF PIPED SERVICES
Installation of all pipework shall follow the detail set out in the accompanying drawings and be in
accordance with the best accepted practice.
Details set out in the following Clauses of this Section are generally appropriate to all services
except where specifically stated elsewhere in the Specifications and Drawings.
All exposed pipe runs shall be arranged to present a neat appearance and, where practical be
parallel both with one another and with the building structure, taking due regard however to the
grading, venting and draining requirements. All vertical pipes shall be plumb.
All exposed pipe runs shall be arranged so that the longest length of tube practicable is used
between bends, tees and flanges or unions. Short lengths of tube joined together by sockets shall not
be permitted.
All pipework, valves, fittings and equipment forming the piping installations shall be erected so that
it can be dismantled and is accessible for repair and replacement. In this context, 'accessible' means
that the provision for dismantling the flange, union, etc. can be reached and worked upon either in
the open or else by removal of a purpose-made duct cover, manhole or similar cover; the fitting is
"not accessible" if, as fixed, it cannot be manipulated.
Where pipework is not readily accessible, it shall be welded. Unions or flanges shall be provided at
valves and equipment so that they can be dismantled. No pipe shall be installed without a flange or
union at a point where it passes through a wall, floor or ceiling and is not readily removable.
No joints shall be formed within the thickness of walls, floors or ceilings.
Unions or flanges shall be provided generally at a maximum spacing of one per 18 meters in
position agreed by the Engineer.

To facilitate routine maintenance, the position of all valves, drains and supports shall be determined
with this aspect in mind. Grouping of valves, drains, unions, flanges, etc. shall be preferred to
scattered sitting.
Clearance between pipework and finished walls, floors, ceiling and other fixtures should be
adequate for cleaning purposes and future dismantling, and shall not be less than the distance given
below:
Pipe to floor distance-minimum 100mm:
Pipe to ceiling distance- minimum 100mm:
Pipe to wall distance-minimum to conform to standard bracket centers:
Pipe to pipe distance-minimum 32mm:
The Contractor shall include for bends in pipes round piers and all other projections and recesses
and for all offsets due to varying thickness of plaster, walls, floors, ceilings, and other structural
works. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to ascertain the skirting heights, sill heights
and floor finishes. No pipework offsets shall be allowed on pipework visible in rooms, except as
agreed with the Engineer.
Where pipe is held by vice, as when threading or cutting, care shall be taken to ensure that the pipe
surface is not damaged. Any pipe so damaged shall not be fitted. Equally applicable, any pipe with
surface damage by scoring whilst being installed shall be removed and rejected.
The Contractor shall ensure that all pipes, fittings, valves, etc. are free from corrosion and internal
obstruction. Pipes and fittings showing signs of corrosion shall not be fitted.
The Contractor shall protect the open ends of all pipework. Suitable caps, plugs or plastic covers
only shall be used to cover open ends. Wood, rag or paper plugs shall not be used.
The Contractor shall not use a valve fitted to the open ends of a disconnected pipe to prevent the
entry of dirt.
Failure to comply with the above instructions shall mean that the Engineer shall have the right to
order the pipework to be dismantled for as far as considered necessary and the pipework to be
thoroughly cleaned internally.
The Contractor shall carry out this work free of cost to the Employer and shall bear all costs
incurred by removing, cleaning and replacing the sections of pipework.
Chilled water pipework shall be erected to neatly follow the lines of walls, floors, tunnels and
trenches and be correctly graded to ensure venting and draining down can be achieved. Air vents
equipped with valves and installed on pipe lines shall be situated at all high points. The clearance
between pipework (or if lagged, the lagging) and walls, floors or any other fixtures shall be not less
than 100 mm. Pipe drops shall be vertically plum. All horizontal and vertical adjacent pipework
shall be installed parallel to walls and floors except where gradients for venting and draining dictate
otherwise.
Headers, where indicated shall be arranged so that each circuit isolating valve is connected direct to
a vertical outlet on the top of the header. Circuit connections such as thermometers, flushing valves
and circuit isolating valves shall be arranged at common horizontal levels.
Distribution headers up to and including 50 mm. installed on closed circuit recirculation systems
shall have the ends terminated with a screwed cap or plug.
Distribution headers above 50 mm. on closed circuits and on open circuits shall have the ends
terminated with a flange welded onto the pipe, and a blank flange bolted to it.
Curved or long sweep bends and branches shall be provided as far as is practicable. Square elbows
will not be permitted.
Wherever practicable, made bend and sets shall be furnished in preference to short radius fittings.
Bends and sets in black pipework above 50 mm. diameter shall be hot formed having a radius not
less than four times the pipe diameter. The tubes must remain circular after setting.
Long sweep branches with gradual reductions shall be used for reduced diameters where two mains
connect together.
Exceptions to the above shall be used where air pipes or air bottles, drain or dirt pockets, are taken
off or air venting requirements dictate, in which case square connections and fittings may be used.
Special care shall be taken where branch joints, welded joints, basses, vents and drain pockets are made, to
ensure that there is no obstruction or possible cause of obstruction and to see that full bore is
maintained in all directions.
1- All branch connections shall be taken from top, side or at a 45° angle from all horizontal
piping. Bottom connection shall not be allowed without special flushing provisions being

made. When taking side connections from horizontal mains adequate facilities for draining
shall be provided.
2- The distance between any two adjacent branches shall not less than the sum of the outside
diameters of the branches.
Where pipework is routed within false ceilings or sealed service ducts or other encasement where
access is difficult, all pipework shall be welded.
Reduction in sizes of pipe lines shall be made by either of the following approved methods:
1- By factory made reducing pieces manufactured at the tube or fitting manufacturer's works.
2- By properly hot swaging down the larger pipe to the smaller diameter while ensuring that
the internal diameter of the reduced pipe is not less than the smaller pipe diameter.
Reductions on horizontal pipe shall be eccentric reduction on vertical pipes shall be concentric.
8.29 PIPEWORK MATERIALS
All pipework installed by the Contractor shall conform with the specified materials, specified under
Appendix IV “schedule of pipeline”.
8.30 MILD STEEL PIPEWORK
Where the table of pipework materials requires the use of mild steel pipework, this shall be straight,
cleanly finished, round in cross section, free from cracks, surface flaws, lamination and other
defects and shall be free from rust and scale.
Standard steel pipes having nominal bores of up to 150 mm. shall be in accordance with
B.S.1387:1967 and shall be provided in random lengths of between 4.5 m. and 7.5 m. Gauge of
pipe walls shall be in accordance with the heavy grades of the Standard.
Steel pipework over 150 mm. bore shall be of mild steel manufacture in accordance with
B.S.3600:1976. The wall thickness shall be suitable for the pressures of the system in which it is to
be installed, and shall be not less than following thickness:
Size of Pipe Thickness (inches) (inches)/mm.
200mm 0.322 8. 00
250mm 0.365 8. 80
300mm 0.375 10.0
350mm 0.375 10.0
Steel pipework for welding shall be supplied with plain ends, beveled for butt welding.
Where pipes are required for screwed joints, they shall be provided with screwed taper
Steel pipes, which are to be used 'black', shall be varnished externally throughout their length after
manufacturer.
Galvanized steel tubes shall be to B.S.1387, heavy grade
Where steel pipes are to be installed underground, they shall be double wrapped in special tape
suitable for the application.
8.31 COPPER PIPEWORK
Where the table of pipework materials requires the use of copper pipes, they shall be of the type
solid drawn from phosphorous deoxidized non-arsencial copper to B.S. 6017 free from any
deleterious film. Copper pipes used above ground shall be half hard-light gauge in accordance with
B.S.2871, Part 1, table X.
Copper Pipework used below ground shall be half hard annealed- heavy gauge in accordance with
B.S.2871, Part 1, Table 'Y' to be plastic coated.
All piping and tubing used in the installation described in this Specification shall be straight,
cleanly finished, round in cross section, free from cracks, surface flaws, laminations and other
defects.
8.32 WELDED JOINTS
Steel pipes, having welded joints on the run, shall be prepared for jointing in a manner suitable for
the technique employed. Welding shall be carried out in accordance with R.S.2971 for metal arc
welded joints, using covered electrodes and B.S.1821:1957 and B.S.2640:1955 for oxy-acetylene
welded joints.
Pipes shall be prepared for welding with ends swan or cut off by hand, flame cut by hand with
subsequent truing up by filing or by grinding to a bevel of 37. 5" as may be required. Welding rods

shall in all cases be of good quality copper coated low carbon steel and the manufacturer shall
provide test certificates representative of the rods in accordance with B.S.1453: 1972, Group A.
All pipework shall be reamed after cutting to ensure it is free from rust, burns, scale and other
defects and shall be thoroughly cleaned before erection.
All welded joints, produced by the oxy-acetylene flame process, shall be of best quality, the butt
being slightly convex with regular ripples and no undercutting, washing away or surface cavities
being resent. Notches at the root indicating incomplete penetration and excessive weld protruding
into the pipe bore in excess of 1.5 mm. shall not occur and the external reinforcement shall run out
smoothly to the pipe surface on either side.
Welding shall in all cases be carried out by skilled craftsmen, who are in possession of a current
certificate of competency issued by an approved authority (which shall be produced at the request
of the Engineer and have had a suitable period of experience for the class of work in which they are
engaged in accordance with B.5.4871 and B.S.4870.
Highly skilled non-certificated welders may only be used by written permission of the Engineer and
test welds, in accordance with R.S.4870, Part l, 1972 with satisfactory laboratory test certificates,
shall be submitted before this permission is granted. The Engineer shall determine a suitable
independent testing authority and any costs arising from these tests shall be borne by the
Contractor.
During all welding or cutting operations, the welder shall be accompanied by a competent assistant
and suitable asbestos mats shall be used to protect the building fabric and decorations.
Every precaution shall be taken to prevent damage by scorching or fire and the Contractor shall
provide the welder with two portable fire extinguishers for use in an emergency.
After cutting or welding, all flashings shall be removed from all pipework before erection.
All welded joints shall be painted two coats of red oxide on completion of the joint.
Flanges shall incorporate bolt holes, drilled not punched. Flange faces shall be machined fully
across. When the joints are made, the bolt shall project 3 mm. minimum beyond the nut.
8.33 FITTINGS FOR GALVANIZED MILD STEEL PIPEWORK
Fittings for all galvanized mild steel pipework up to and including 50 mm. dia. shall be malleable
cast iron pipe fittings to B.S.143, manufactured by the Whiteheart process to Grade 1 of B.S. 309
banded or beaded for reinforcement with the exception of steam pipework on which wrought steel
pipe fittings, manufactured from mild steel by seamless or welded process to B.S.1740 shall be
used.
Fittings on galvanized pipework shall be galvanized to B.S.729, Part 1.
The screwed ends of the fittings shall be provided with parallel female and tapered male threads to
B.S.21, Part 1, the axis of thread being coincident with the true axis of the fittings. Where required,
taper threaded fittings shall be provided and shall be in accordance with B.S.143.
Fittings on black mild steel pipework of 42 mm. dia. and above shall be welding fittings heavy
weight to B.S.1965 and be manufactured by a forged seamless process from mild steel.
In addition to the fittings set out in the standards, branch bends manufactured to the same details
may be used.
Ends of fittings, which shall have the same wall thickness as that of tube manufactured to the
'heavy' grade of B.S. 1387, shall be beveled for butt welding.
Generally all fittings shall, where practicable, be of the easy sweep type. Branches shall be made
using swept tees or branch bends except where an air lock is liable to form i.e. tees on rising mains,
etc., where square tees shall be used.
Elbows shall be used only where the use of bends is impracticable and where the Engineer's
permission has been obtained.
Where standard fittings are not available for the duty required, reductions on the run and to the
branch shall, in all cases, be made with reducing sockets not bushes.
Reducing fittings on horizontal pipework shall be of the eccentric pattern fixed so as to give a
smooth run to the crown of the pipe. Concentric pattern reducers shall be used on vertical pipework.
If bends and springs are manufactured on site, then cold bending by a hydraulically operated
machine shall be permitted for standard steel pipes having a bore of 50 mm. or less, but larger pipes
shall be bent hot. All bends shall he normalized by heat treatment after manipulation.
The diameter shall be maintained; crinkled and scored work will not be accepted.
Where junctions to steel mains are formed by factory or site welding, such work shall be carried out
to the above standards for steel tubular. All necessary reinforcement by way of plates, collars or
shoes shall be provided. All branch bends, where possible, shall be formed by the use of special

welding fittings of the same quality as the pipe and shall conform to B.S.1965:1963 and
amendments.
Where branch bends are used, the profile of the hole shall be carefully set out to match the fitting
and where the holes are flame-cut all loose scale and oxide shall be removed from the main before
the branch is welded into position.
The distance between the centers of two adjacent branch welds shall not be less than twice the
diameter of the large branch. All changes in direction shall be proportioned so that the ratio
between the centre line radius of the bend and the inside diameter of the pipe is not less than 1.5: 1.
Lobster back and cut and shut bends will not be permitted.
Unions shall, in all instances, be manufactured with double gunmetal seats as the Navy pattern.
8.34 PIPEWORK SUPPORTS
All pipework shall be adequately supported on galvanized steel hangers or on brackets with rollers
in order to permit free movement due to expansion and contraction.
Pipework support shall be arranged as near as possible to joints and changes in direction.
The Contractor shall include for the supply of all necessary supports and brackets complete with all
bolts, screws and inserts or plug fastenings.
Particular importance must be attached to the design and method of supports and brackets for
pipework and equipment. Care should be exercised regarding strength of material, construction,
method of fixing, practicability and appearance when designing brackets. Drawings of all brackets
and supports shall be forwarded to the Engineer for approval before manufacture is commenced.
Details of all patent fixing to the building fabric shall also be submitted to the Engineer for prior
approval.
Softwood plugs will not be permitted.
Vertical pipework shall be adequately supported at the base of the riser and at all intermediate
levels. Branch circuit pipes shall not be used as a means of support for the riser main.
Brackets and support shall be set out so that they do not obstruct the access to valve flanges or
fittings requiring maintenance.
Pipes shall be spaced in relation to one another and to the building structure so as not to interfere
with any other service and to allow for the required thickness of thermal insulation as specified
later.
Pipes shall not be supported from each other, but, where there is no alternative, the Engineer's
written approval must be obtained. The brackets so installed shall not prevent the removal of any
individual pipe where necessary and provision shall be made for any unequal expansion.
Pipes shall not be supported from any item of equipment.
All high level pipework is to be carried on neat galvanized swivel hangers with GM split rings or
steel glands suitably spaced to prevent sagging and to allow expansion and contraction.
Brackets, hangers and supports shall be of hot dipped galvanized after manufacture steel sections
and are to be as follows:
a) Brackets:
1) Brackets to walls:-
Flat iron with fish tail end (minimum size 40mm x 6 mm):
2) Brackets to walls:-
Angle iron with fish end (minimum size 32 mm x 32 mm x 6 mm):
3) Brackets to R.C. Beams:-
Rag bolt with eye built in (minimum size 15mm diameter):
4) Brackets to R.S.J.:
Girder clips.
5) Brackets suspended from flat roofs:
Rod with eye on underside (minimum size 9mm diameter), and with back-plate
and lockout on top side:
6) Brackets in trenches and tunnel:
Channel iron, minimum size 100 mm. x 50 mm. x 6mm.
b) Hangers:
1) Rods (minimum size 9mm dia) with purpose-made hook and/or eye.
2) Tubes (minimum bore 6 mm.) with chandelier hooks or, ring sockets.
c) Supports:

1) Purpose-made mild steel band (minimum size 25 mm. x 3 mm. strap) with nut
and bolt or malleable iron split ring with socket for all mild steel pipework.
2) Purpose-made heavy gauge brass strip with nut and bolt or gunmetal split ring
with socket for all copper pipework.
3) Purpose-made mild steel stirrup (minimum size 32 mm. x 3 mm.) with roller and
chair sized to manufacturer's recommendation for steel and copper pipework
where required to allow for expansion. Bronze rollers shall be used for copper
pipework.
Any combination of the above will be allowed, providing that uniformity to type is
adopted throughout the various sections of the building.
All hangers and supports, except at necessary fixed points, must be allowed to swing freely
to make up expansion and contraction. All low level pipework to be supported by
munzening ring and the tube secured into walls by brass anchor fixings.
All brackets, hangers and supports, except supports for copper pipework, are to be hot dip
galvanized after manufacture to B.S.729.
The spacing distance between brackets and support to be as per Appendix No III at end of
Section 2.00
All sizes of copper piping 2.0 m. apart.
In addition to the centers given, support shall be provided adjacent all valves, flanged
joints and other special components to prevent undue strain on the adjoining pipework and
so that the equipment or sections of pipework may be removed, leaving the adjoining
pipework adequately supported at the ends.
Main walls and partition walls etc. where pipes pass through sleeves, shall not be
considered as pipe supports.
8.35 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION OF PIPEWORK
Expansion and Contraction of Pipework, expansion joints, guides, and anchor points, as required,
whether or not shown on the drawing shall be installed to resist the maximum stresses of the
pipework, formed by the Contractor .
a) Expansion Loops and Bends
All pipework shall be installed to accommodate without distortion the linear expansion
when heated. Pipe supports shall be of the type, which will allow full movements of the
pipes except at fixed points which shall be provided as necessary between expansion
bends, or sets. The fixed points shall be secured by anchors of an approved design.
The Contractor shall, provide and fix all the requisite expansion loops formed in the pipe
runs by means of long radius welded sweep elbows to the required dimensions. The loops
shall be installed in the mains with mild steel flanges and each leg of the loop shall be
pulled cold to approximately 50% of the estimated expansion of the leg.
Where no bellows or loops are specified, provision for expansion and contraction of
pipework shall be made by changes in direction and it shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor to make sufficient allowance for this.
Branch connections are to be taken from the top or bottom of both flow and return mains,
depending on the prevailing air venting arrangements. Branches shall have incorporated in
them two bends before passing into ducts, trenches, vertical chases, etc. The bends shall be
arranged so as to take up the expansion and contraction of the mains without putting any
extraneous strain onto the particular branches.
The Contractor shall install piping in a manner so as to permit perfect freedom of its
movement during expansion and contraction operations without causing it to become
warped. The strain and weight of the piping must not be transmitted to the connected
apparatus.
The Contractor shall ensure that adequate provision is made for the expansion and
contraction of all pipelines.
Where expansion fittings become necessary they must be anchored and guided in
accordance with the manufacturers recommendations and/or these Specifications.
The Contractor shall submit full details of the proposed fittings for approval, together with
all calculations and details of loading imposed on the structures.
Where branch connections are made to mains remote from anchor points on the latter, the
take off shall be so arranged as to form a radius arm whereby the axial movement of the
main is allowed to take place without imposing a bending stress upon the branch.

With a view to reducing strain due to expansion on plant and equipment of any
description, whether indicated on Drawings or otherwise, the Contractor shall
ensure that the connecting pipes are suitably set and include such expansion
fittings as required. The fixed point should be set at the plant or at the equipment.
The Contractor shall ensure that the required "cold draw" is provided. The
jointing of the loops and expansion fittings shall not proceed until it is shown, to
the satisfaction of the Engineer's Representative, that restraint has been correctly
applied and that the runs are guided to provide for true axial movement.
Expansion loops or bends shall be of one piece and preferably made at the tube or
fitting manufacturer's works. If the total length of the tube or bend is such as to
prohibit this, welds may be made in the long arm as near the centre as possible.
No welds will be permitted in the crown of the bend or in the short arms and any
seams shall be arranged at the side of the bends. All loops or bends shall be
flanged and arranged to vent and drain naturally.
All expansion loops and bends shall be so proportioned to accommodate the total
stress set up in the material of the pipe wall, taking into account the stress
components due to internal pressure, torsion and bending.
All expansion loops and bends shall be fabricated from similar materials to the
pipework systems in which they are installed, with flanged ends, erected in a
horizontal plane and supported at the crest.
All expansion loops and bends of joints shall be erected cold drawn to the extent
of one half of the total expansion to be taken up and shall not be assembled before
pipes are anchored.
The cold draw shall be pulled by means of long bolts through the flanges. Bolts
shall be pulled up diagonally to prevent uneven stressing and after the flanges are
tight the bolts shall be replaced one by one with bolts of the correct 'length.
In the event that the fitting of expansion loops and bends cannot be immediately
possible, necessary distance pieces shall be inserted.
b) Expansion Joints
Expansion joints shall be of the straight bellows type and of axial pattern or as
otherwise indicated. They shall be provided with screwed union or flanged ends
as appropriate to facilitate replacement unless otherwise approved. They shall
incorporate internal liners if required and shall be manufactured from 18/8
stainless steel or other approved material appropriate to the duty and shall be
designed to withstand the test pressure of the system. Bellows shall be capable of
not less than 2,000 complete cycles of movement over the designed working
range without failure. Pipework supports shall be arranged as near as possible to
the joints.
Expansion joints shall be selected to accommodate the maximum working
temperature and temperature range of the systems. Rods or hangers shall be
provided to take imposed end thrusts.
Joints up to 38 mm. shall have screwed ends to B.S.P. and 50 mm. and upwards
flanged ends to B.S. 10/4504. All compensators shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations.
All expansion joints shall be provided with external protection where exposed to
damage. For axial joints this shall comprise an external sleeve. Joints shall be
installed so that they are not subjected to stresses other than those for which they
are designed. Unless otherwise indicated they shall be installed so that they are in
their free position at a temperature midway between the high and low limits of
normal service.
All connections between bellows and pipework shall be aligned prior to and
during welding by means of welding clamps.
Axial joints shall be installed in line with the axis of the pipe and shall not be
subjected to any tension during installation other than that approved by the
manufacturers.
Flanged joints shall be pulled up diagonally across the flanges by means of long
bolts after the joints are made the long bolts shall be removed diagonally one at a
time and replaced with standard bolts, nuts and washers.
Joints with flanged ends shall be installed during the erection of pipework if
possible. Otherwise, temporary distance places of accurate dimensions shall be

c) Guides
provided. Each such distance piece shall be exactly equal to the "installed" length
of the compensators and shall have flanges precisely square with the pipe and
flange bolt holes of the compensator. All expansion joints shall be securely
locked in position prior to and during hydraulic testing. Should joints be unable to
withstand test pressures they shall be isolated from the piping systems.
End fittings for expansion joints on mild steel pipelines shall be of steel.
Axial expansion joints shall be cold drawn during installation to an agreed
amount not exceeding the manufacturer's recommendations.
When installing manufactured expansion loops or bellow joints, the
manufacturer's installation recommendation shall be observed in every respect.
When testing the pressure at distribution mains, the Contractor shall ensure that
the test pressure will not damage the bellows, where the test pressure exceeds the
maximum operating pressure.
All cleats, brackets and steel work required for building-in shall be supplied by
the Contractor, unless stated otherwise elsewhere in the Specifications.
Details of all anchors shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval before
manufacture.
The bellows shall be installed with due allowance having been made for cold
draw, which will vary according to the type and length of bellows proposed and
the temperature of installation. Where "installation bars" or fittings are
incorporated with the bellows during delivery and erection, these must be
removed before heat is applied.
Care shall be taken when installing flanged end bellows to line up the bolt holes
on joint and mating flanges and to ensure that the joint is neither twisted in any
way nor any torsion stress is being applied on it.
Free guide sleeves shall be fitted on each side of the expansion joint, unless such
joint be installed adjacent to an anchor point when guides shall be fitted on the
free side only.
Guides shall consist of a tube of diameter not more than 3 mm. greater than the
outside diameter of the main and length four and a half times the diameter of the
main with a minimum length of 300mm unless an alternative design is shown on
the Tender Drawings.
Guides shall be installed not more than one and a half pipe diameter from the
expansion joint to the first tubular guide and not more than 15-20 pipe diameters
between this guide and the next pipe support.
Further pipe guides shall be provided along each pipeline at intervals equivalent
to not more than 75 pipe diameters and where shown on the Drawings.
The Contractor shall provide all necessary pipe guides to prevent long pipe spans
from buckling and to ensure alignment and linear free movement of pipes from
anchor points towards expansion joints constructed to prevent transverse
movement and carefully installed so that axial movement is not hampered. Means
for lubrication shall be provided where necessary.
Each pipe guide on sections of pipework incorporating axial joints shall be of the
tube type with rods tack welded to the guide, and arranged to locate and restrain
the pipe in all planes. Alternatively pipe guides can be made on Site with two
roller supports as shown on Drawings.
Special supports and fixing accessories shall be provided at all heavy items of
pipeline equipment; i.e. valves, etc, to ensure that no undue strain is placed upon
the pipeline at their incidence.
After fabrication, all ferrous fixings and supports shall be thoroughly wire
brushed to remove dirt, scale, rust etc. and then given two coats of red oxide
primer prior to bolting to or building into the building structure.
Detailed drawings of pipe guides and supporting frames shall be submitted to the
Engineer for written approval prior to manufacture.

8.36 DRAINING OF SYSTEM
Drain points shall be provided by the Contractor at all accessible low points of water services
installations and also on the branch side of all main isolating valves and cocks whether shown or
not on the Drawings.
Drain points shall be fitted with a lock shield drain cock of gunmetal construction manufactured to
the requirements of B.S.2879-1980, type 'A', complete with hose union and removable key. The
base of the pocket shall be drilled and tapped to accept a 15 mm. lever operated plug cock of
suitable design.
Drain points on MPHW/HPHW systems shall be fitted with a bronze needle valve with plugged
outlet.
8.37 PIPE SLEEVES
In all cases where pipes pass through walls, floors, ceilings and footings, the Contractor shall
provide sleeves which shall be built in and shall be responsible for ensuring that this is performed
correctly. Sleeves shall in no case be used as pipe supports, a free annular space always being
provided. Puddle flanges shall be provided on pipes passing through walls and trenches intended to
be covered by earth, etc., or where passing through bund walls. Sleeves shall be of pipe cuttings
properly reamed, cleaned and trimmed at 90° to bore.
Sleeves in non-load bearing walls, floors ceiling and partitions shall be copper or mild steel to suit
the particular pipe materials.
Sleeves shall be provided with an inside diameter of not less than 15 mm. larger than the insulated
outside diameter of the pipes. Pipes passing through load bearing walls or footings shall be
provided with proprietary 'CSD' type pressure tight bulkhead seals suitable for up to a maximum
differential water pressures of 138 Kg/m2 or alternatively, puddle flanged cast iron sleeves shall be
provided with an internal diameter 100 mm. larger than the outside of the pipe. The space between
the pipe and sleeve shall be sealed with a water tight mastic or silicon rubber compound. Gland
plates not less than 6 mm. thick shall be fitted if necessary to withstand water pressures. Details of
all sleeves arrangements through liquid - tight walls shall be submitted for approval.
Where pipes pass through fire barriers proved proprietary approved fire rated 'CSD-F' type
mechanical seals shall be provided or alternatively steel sleeves shall be installed with the space
between the sleeves and pipework sealed with suitable fire rated material.
External flashing sleeves shall be provided by the Contractor except where indicated otherwise.
They shall incorporate an integral flange to which a flashing shield can be clamped or welded. The
Contractor shall build the shield into the membrane and fill the space between the sleeves and pipe
with waterproof materials or mastic compound.
For pipes which change direction, oversized sleeves, the size larger than normal shall be fitted to
allow for expansion. The space between the pipe enclosed and its sleeve shall be caulked with
suitable filling material to be approved by the Engineer
Sleeves shall not protrude from the finished face of` walls. In toilets, kitchens and all other situation
where the floor may be swilled, the sleeve shall project 30 mm. above the finished floor level.
8.38 FLOORPLATES
Where exposed to view, pipes and tubing passing through walls, floors, ceilings, partitions and false
ceilings of occupied rooms shall be fitted with a heavy chromium- plated die cast zinc alloy
masking plate. Such plates shall be split on the diameter, be a snug fit to the pipe concerned and
provided with countersunk holes for set screws.
8.39 SAFETY VALVES
All safety valves shall be to BS.759 and shall be set to discharge at 1.15 times the design pressure,
or 5psig above the working pressure, whichever is the greater.
8.40 VALVES AND STOPCOCKS
Valves and stopcocks shall conform to the Table Appendix III at the end of this Section of the
Specifications unless detailed differently in the particular Section of the Specifications.
8.41 PRESSURE, ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATURE GAUGES
Where depicted on the schematics and as generally described hereunder the Contractor shall supply
and install a thermometer, altitude or pressure gauge.

Thermometers shall be fitted on each chiller, boiler cylinder (if not included for in the
manufacturer's specification) on flow and return headers and on each return main prior to
connection into the return header, on the secondary side of all calorifiers and on the down stream
side of all mixing valves.
Thermometers shall be to BS.1704 dependent upon whether the application calls for a straight or
angular pattern'. They shall all be calibrated in both centigrade and Fahrenheit and be supplied with
a loose red pointer to be set at the design working temperature. The scale range shall be suitable for
a maximum temperature approximately. They shall be supplied with a pocket suitable for insertion
into the fluid concerned. All gauges fitted within the Plant Room, Calorfier Room, Chiller Area,
Pump Rooms, AHU Rooms and Tank Room shall have a 150mm diameter dial gauge fitted;
elsewhere they shall be 100 mm diameter dial.
Altitude Gauges shall be fitted on each heat exchanger; i.e. boiler, calorifier, chiller, etc.
Altitude gauges shall be to BS.1780. They shall be supplied with a loose red pointer to be set at the
design working head and be calibrated in both meters and feet. The scale range shall be suitable for
a maximum of approximately twice the design head.
All gauges shall be supplied with a suitable angle or pigtail siphon and gunmetal gauge cock. All
gauges fitted on chillers, chilled water pumps within the plant rooms, calorifiers rooms, and tank
room shall have a 150mm round dial gauge fitted; elsewhere they shall be 100mm. round dial.
Pressure Gauges shall be fitted on either side of pumps sets (where duty standby or multiple pump
configurations are installed, pressure gauges shall be on the common discharge not a pair per pump
set).
Pressure gauges shall be as manufactured to B.S.1780. They shall be supplied with a loose red
pointer to be set at the design working head and be calibrated in bars gauge. The scale range shall
be suitable for a maximum of approximately twice the design head.
All pressure gauges shall be back-plate mounted on varnished hardwood panel with chamfered
edges. The panel shall have labeling to indicate the pump function and inlet and outlet condition.
Piping to the pressure gauges shall be in copper and be neatly run to the pump.
8.42 ACOUSTIC STANDARDS FOR MECHANICAL INSTALLATION,
GENERAL
1. All building equipment (plumbing, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, electrical and
elevators) including piping and ductwork shall be installed to produce sound pressure levels
within occupied spaces not to exceed limits as specified in section 3.
2. All such building equipment, including piping, ductwork, linen and rubbish chutes, shall be so
installed that its operation causes no objectionable structure-borne noise or vibration
transmission to occupied spaces. Isolation hangers, pads, insulation layers, airspace will all be
required in different cases. Each potential source of vibration must be reviewed and means of
isolation specified.
3. All building equipment including towers, fresh air intake, spill or exhaust louver faces or
gratings shall be so and installed that they result in no objectionable noise transmission to
adjoining proprieties or neighbors, and conform to local codes and regulations.
4. All hotel operating equipment, including mechanical plant and engineering maintenance, shall
produce noise levels in their respective areas not to exceed 85 dB, measured on a scale A.
FOUNDATION AND VIBRATION ISOLATION
a. All equipment, piping, etc., shall be mounted on or suspended from approved foundations
and supports, all as specified herein.
b. All concrete foundations and supports (and required reinforcing therefore) shall be
provided by the contractor. Furnish shop drawings and templates for all concrete
foundations and supports, and furnish for setting all required bolts and other appurtenances
necessary for the proper installation of his equipment. All such work shall be shown in
detail on the shop drawings, which drawings shall be submitted to the engineer showing
the complete details of all foundations, including the necessary concrete and steel work,
vibration isolation devices etc.
c. All floor mounted equipment shall be erected on 4 inch high concrete pads over the
complete area of the equipment, unless specified to the contrary herein. Wherever
hereinafter vibration eliminating devices and/.or concrete inertia blocks are specified, these

items shall, in all cases, be in turn mounted upon raised concrete pads unless specified tot
he contrary herein.
d. Mounting systems and components of the isolation mounting shall not be resonant with
any of the forcing frequencies of the supported equipment or piping. Mounting sizes shall
be determined by the mounting manufacturer and mounting shall be installed in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
e. All mounting systems exposed to weather and other corrosive environments shall be
protected with factory corrosion resistance. All metal parts of mountings (except springs
and hardware) to be hot dip galvanized. Springs shall be cadmium plated and neoprene
coated. Nuts and bolts shall be cadmium plated.
f. Where supplementary steel is required to support piping and/or ductwork, this steel shall
be designed to provide a maximum deflection of 0.08 inch at the mid span under the
supported load. The piping shall be rigidly supported form the supplementary steel and the
supplementary steel isolated from he building structure by means of isolators described in
paragraphs entitled "support of piping and boiler breeching - mounting type XT".
g. Where steel spring isolation systems are described in the following specifications, the
mounting assemblies shall utilize bare springs with the spring diameter not less than 0.8 of
the loaded operating height of the spring. Each spring isolator shall be designed and
installed so that the ends of the spring remain parallel during and after installation. The
spring specified minimum deflection from loaded operating height to spring solid height
shall be 50% of the rated deflection. The maximum motion of any resiliently supported
equipment at startup or shutdown shall be 1/4 inch approved resilient lateral restraints shall
be provided as required to limit motions in excess of 1/4 inch.
FLOOR MOUNTING OF CENTRIFUGAL FANS - MOUNTING TYPE I
1. Each fan and driving motor shall be mounted on an integral one-piece structural mounting
frame, reinforced as necessary to prevent flexure of the frame at startup and during
operation of the fan. The utilized structural mounting frame for the fan and mortar shall
include motor slide rails., The structural steel mounting forms and shall be drilled and
tapped to receive the fan and motor so that the frame shall act as a template.
2. The structural steel integral mounting frame shall be supported on steel spring mountings.
These mountings shall be positioned in accordance with the weight distribution to insure
adequate deflection and vibration isolation. Housing or snubbing devices shall not be used
to contain the isolation sprigs.
FLOOR MOUNTING OF CENTRIFUGAL FANS - MOUNTING TYPE II
1. Each such fan and motor shall be mounted on a reinforced spring supported concrete
inertia block. The block shall be poured within structural perimeter frame set on roofing
paper. The structural perimeter frame, complete with motor slide trails, height saving
spring mounting brackets, springs and equipment anchor bolt templates shall be provided
by the vibration control vendor. Spring supports shall be located under the brackets and
shall incorporate a neoprene acoustical pad and leveling adjustment to raise the entire
isolation base 2 inches above the foundation pad.
2. Reinforced concrete inertia base thickness shall be in accordance with the following
schedules:-
Motor Size
Inertia Block
Thickness Required
Up to 50 hp
8 inches
60 to 75 hp 10 inches
100 hp and greater 12 inches
FLOOR MOUNTING OF CENTRIFUGAL FANS - MOUNTING TYPE III
This equipment shall be mounted exactly as that described for mounting Type I, except that
mountings shall be neoprene-in-shear
MOUNTING OF FACTORY ASSEMBLED FANS, TUBULAR FANS AND BELTED VENT
SETS - MOUNTING TYPE IV

Each such equipment shall be mounted on neoprene-in-shear isolators.
MOUNTING OF FACTORY FANS AND AXIAL FLOW FANS - MOUNTING TYPE V
This equipment shall be mounted directly on stable bare steel spring isolators, except that where the
units to be mounted are furnished with internal structural frames and external lugs (both of suitable
strength and rigidity) or without any severe overhangs, no additional structural frame need be
provided beneath the unit. In any event, motor shall be integrally mounted to the unit and shall be
mounted on slide rails.
MOUNTING OF CEILING SUPPORTED FACTORY ASSEMBLED FANS, AXIAL FLOW
FANS, TUBULAR FANS AND BELTED VENT SETS - MOUNTING TYPE VI
1. All such units shall be hung by means of vibration isolator hangers consisting of a steel
housing or retainer incorporating a steel spring.
2. If the equipment to be mounted is not furnished with integral structural mounting frames
and external mounting lugs (both of suitable strength and rigidity), approved structural
sub-base shall be installed in the field which shall support the equipment to be hung and to
which shall be attached the hangers.
3. Diagonal hanger rod isolators shall be provided as required to limit horizontal motion to
1/4 inch maximum under fan operating conditions.
MOUNTING OF CEILING SUPPORTED FACTORY ASSEMBLED FANS, AXIAL FLOW
FANS, TUBULAR FANS AND BELTED VENT SETS- MOUNTING TYPE VII
1. This equipment shall be mounted as described under mounting type VII.
2. Diagonal hanger rod isolators shall be provided as required to limit horizontal motion to
1/4 inch maximum under fan operating conditions.
MOUNTING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS (GREATER THAN 3 hp) - MOUNTING TYPE VIII
1. Each pump with its driving motor shall be bolted and grouted to a spring supported
concrete inertia base reinforced as required.
2. Each concrete base (rectangular or "T" shape) for horizontally split pumps shall include
supports and base elbows for the suction and discharge connections. Base elbow shall be
bolted and grouted to the concrete foundation.
3. Reinforced concrete inertia base thickness shall be in accordance with the following
schedule:-
Motor Size
Inertia Block
Thickness Required
5 hp to 15 hp 6 inches
20 hp to 50 hp 8 inches
60 hp to 100 hp 10 inches
Greater than 100 hp
12 inches
4. The spring supported reinforced concrete inertia foundation shall be poured within
structural perimeter frame of the required thickness indicated in the above schedule. The
structural perimeter frame shall be equipped with height saving brackets and stable bare
spring isolators having spring diameters no less than 0.8 of the compressed height of the
spring at rated load. The mountings shall provide minimum static deflection of 1 inch
unless otherwise noted on the drawings. Structural perimeter frame, mounting templates,
saving brackets and spring system shall be provided as an assembly by the vibration
control vendor. There shall be a minimum of 2 inch operating clearance between the pump
inertia base and the foundation pad.
MOUNTING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS (3hp OR LESS) - MOUNTING TYPE IX
1. Pumps 3 hp or less shall be bolted and grouted to rubber-in-shear supported reinforced
concrete inertia blocks that are a minimum of 6 inches thick. Rubber-in-shear isolators
shall provide a minimum static deflection of 3/8 inch and shall be protected against
corrosion.
2. Provide base below supports and structural perimeter frames and reinforcement as
described for mounting type VIII.

MOUNTING OF REFRIGERATION MACHINES & BOILERS - MOUNTING TYPE X
Each boiler and refrigeration machine (cooler, condenser, compressor and motor) shall be installed
on an integral one-piece steel rigid structural frame which shall be installed on spring supported
mountings. Each spring mounting shall be bare and stable and shall provide a minim static
deflection of 1 inch. All spring mountings shall incorporate a leveling device, neoprene acoustical
pad and built-in vertical stop to prevent spring extension when equipment is removed from he base
or cooler and condensers drained.
MOUNTING OF PACKAGED DX UNITS
1. Resiliently floor support units on mountings providing a minimum static deflection of 3/8
inch.
2. Resiliently suspend units with mountings types providing a minimum static deflection of 1
inch.
SUPPORT OF PIPING AND BOILER BREACHING - MOUNTING TYPE XI
1. The following boiler breeching, water, emergency generator combustion exhaust piping,
and fuel oil piping shall be resiliently supported.
a. All piping and boiler breeching in equipment rooms.
b. Piping within 50 feet of connected water piping on roof.
2. Resilient diagonal mountings or other approved devices shall be provided as required to
limit piping motion due to equipment startup or shutdown, to a maximum of 1/8 inch.
3. Isolators for water piping shall be resiliently spring and neoprene supported with
mountings providing a minimum static deflect on 7/8 inch. The spring elements of the
mounting shall have a first harmonic natural frequency of no less than 360 cps.
4. Isolators for all other piping and boiler breeching shall be supported by means of
neoprene-in-shear mountings providing a minimum static deflection of 1/2 inch.
5. Where supplementary steel is required to support piping, the supplementary steel shall be
sized so that maximum deflection between supports does not exceed 0.08 inch and shall be
resiliently supported from the building structure with mountings as described in the
preceding two paragraphs. Supported piping from the supplementary steel shall be rigidly
suspended or supported.
6. Positioning type hanger rod isolators shall be provided for boiler breeching and for all
piping greater than 12 inch diameter and all supplementary steel supports.
PIPING ANCHORS, GUIDES AND SUPPORTS - MOUNTING TYPE XII
1. Pipe guides, anchors and supports in all risers, and piping anchors in mechanical
equipment rooms or occupied spaces shall be isolated from the building structure so that
there shall be no direct metal-to-metal or metal-to-structure contact of the piping with the
building structure.
2. Piping Guides
i. Steel guides shall be welded to the pipe at a maximum spacing of 60 degrees. The
outside diameter of the opposing guide bars shall be smaller than the inside
diameter of the pipe riser clamps in accordance with standard filed construction
practice. Each end of pipe anchor shall be rigidly attached to an all directional
pipe anchor isolation mounting which, in turn, shall be rigidly fastened to the
supplementary steel framing within the shaft in an approved manner.
ii. The all directional pipe anchor isolation mountings shall consist of a telescoping
arrangement of two sizes of steel tubing separated by a minimum of 1/2 inch
thick heavy duty neoprene and canvas duck isolation pad. Vertical restraints shall
be provided by similar material arranged to prevent vertical travel in either
direction. The allowable load on the isolation material shall not exceed 500p.s.i.
iii. Low temperature piping guides shall be constructed with a 360 degree 10 gauge
metal sleeve around the piping. The thermal insulation requirements for the
piping shall be provided between the piping and the sleeve. Heavy duty neoprene
and canvas duck isolation pad of thickness equal to thermal insulation
requirements shall space the metal sleeve away from the piping with suitable
thermal insulation provided in the voids between the pipe sleeve and isolation pad

material. The metal sleeve outside diameter shall be smaller than the pipe riser
clamp inside diameter in accordance with standard field construction practice.
The pipe riser clamp shall be rigidly attached to the steel guide framing within the
shaft.
3. Anchors
i. The pipe clamp at anchor points shall be welded to the pipe and to acoustical pipe
anchor mountings which, in turn, shall be rigidly fastened to the steel guide
framing.
ii.
The acoustical pipe anchor mountings shall be capable of safely accepting loads
developed by the installed piping and shall consist of a bolted assembly of steel
plates with lamination of 1/2 inch thick heavy duty neoprene and canvas duck
isolation material. A heat shield of 1/4 inch asbestos transit shall be provided as
required. The isolation material loading shall not exceed 500psi.
4. Supports
i. Piping supports within shafts shall be provided with suitable bearing plates and
two layers of 1/4 inch thick ribbed or waffled neoprene and loaded for 50psi
maximum. The isolation pads shall be separated with 1/4 inch steel plate.
ii.
Piping isolation supports at the base of risers shall be two layers or 1/2 inch thick
heavy duty neoprene and canvas duck isolation pad separated by 1/4 inch thick
steel plate. Suitable bearing plates sized to provide a pad loading of 500psi
maximum shall be provided. The stanchion between the pipe and isolation
support shall be welded to the pipe and welded or bolted to the isolation support.
The isolation support shall be bolted to the floor slab with resilient sleeves.
5. Piping Penetration of shafts, Floor slabs and/or Partitions
There shall be no direct contact of piping with shaft walls, floor slabs and/or partitions.
MOUNTING OF AIR COMPRESSOR - MOUNTING TYPE XIII
PNEUMATIC TUBE EXHAUSTED & DRY TYPE TRANSFORMERS - MOUNT OF
NEOPRENE-IN-SHEAR ISOLATORS PROVIDING MINIMUM 10MM (3/8"0 DEFLECTION)
aa. Provide, as shown or as approved, all necessary supports for equipment furnished under
this section. To meet the varying conditions in each case, these supports shall consist of
pipe-stands, steel angle or strap hangers, saddles brackets, etc. as shown, or as approved.
All such supports shall have substantial flanges bolted to floor construction. Hangers shall
be supported from the framing as described herein above. Supports shall be properly
located with reference to any supporting pads, legs, etc., of the equipment carried and must
be of such number and so distributed as not to bring any undue strains upon the equipment.
All details shall be as approved.
bb. Provide suitable brackets, pipe stands, piers or other supports for all various float traps,
receivers, etc. Also provide suitable supports for all tempering stacks, air filters, mixing
and control dampers, etc., securely clamped to steel beams, column or bearing walls. All
details of this work shall be as shown on the drawings, or as approved.
cc. Guarantee that the work as installed under this section of the specifications will not result
in the transmission of objectionable noise or vibration to any occupied parts of the
building, and take full responsibility for any necessary modifications of this equipment, or
of the foundations and supports for the same, necessary to secure this result.
WATER NOISE CONTROL
1. Where flush valves are specified, generally for public toilets only, they shall be equal to
Sloan Royal Quiet Flush Valves, Model 110 for water closets, Model 186 for urinals.
Piston type will not be considered.
2. Pipes shall be sized to provide maximum water velocities as follows:-
Pipe Size
Maximum Velocity

up to 50mm (2")
0.6 m/sec. (2 fps.)
65 to 100mm (1 1/2" to 4") 0.8 m/sec. (2.5 fps.)
125 to 200mm (5" to 8") 1.5 m/sec. (5 fps.)
250 to 300mm (10" to 12") 2.5 m/sec. (8 fps.)
355mm and up (over 14") 3.0 m/sec. (10 fps.)
3. All piping, especially in mechanical shafts, chases and suspended ceilings shall be so
installed that it is neither in contact with nor rigidly fastened to structural or architectural
elements of the building. All such piping including domestic water, chilled water and
condenser water must be properly supported in resilient pads of approved type.
All pipes penetrating building walls must be installed in steel pipe sleeves, with fiber glass
packing between the pipe and the sleeve to insure against transmission of any vibration
from the pipes to the walls., Where steel tubs are used, in places where cast iron is not
readily available, the tub must be set in a sound deadening bed.
ACOUSTIC REVIEW
The contractor engineers shall have the design and the workshop drawings and documents reviewed
for compliance with the above standards and operators standards by an acoustical consultant
approved by the operator and engineer.
ON-SITE ACOUSTICAL TESTING
Engineers for a project shall provide a schedule or preliminary and final tests to be made on site,
including tests of typical guestrooms, meeting rooms, movable partitions etc. Tests shall be in
accordance with procedures established by the Acoustical consultant and approved by the operator
and engineer
Contractors shall be required to correct work where necessary to obtain satisfactory acoustical
results in compliance with the foregoing standards.
8.43 TESTING
The Engineer shall witness all testing and commissioning and shall have access at all reasonable
times to such parts of the Contractor's and Suppliers' works as may be necessary for the purpose of
inspecting, examining and testing the materials, workmanship and performance.
8.44 NOTICE PRIOR TO TESTING
The Contractor shall give the Engineer seven days' written notice of his intention to carry out a test
and shall have carried out all necessary adjustment prior to commencing the test.
8.45 TESTING IN SECTIONS
The Contractor shall allow for testing and commissioning the installation in sections as may be
required in order to conform to the program. All piping work and ductwork in these sections shall
be sealed and tested as specified below, so that the insulation can be applied and the section
completed to assist the program.
8.46 TESTING OF PIPEWORK, WELDS, ETC.
The whole installation shall be hydraulically tested to twice the working pressure of the systems or
4.137 bar, whichever is the greater.
Gas piping work shall be tested as above, but utilizing an inert gas.
The pressure shall be maintained for a period of two hours in each case, and due allowance shall be
made for attendance by the Engineer during the progress of such tests. The Contractor shall also be
responsible for arranging for the water authority to witness this test should they require so. Any
equipment fitted not suitable for this pressure shall be adequately protected or isolated from the
system during the test.
All leaks are to be immediately repaired and the installations retested until the above requirements
are obtained.
The Contractor shall allow for such emptying and refilling and maintenance until all leaks have
been satisfactorily stopped.
Upon completion of the final hydraulic test on the system, the Contractor shall apply heat and open
all valves and charge the calorifiers.
All valves and stopcocks throughout the system shall be adjusted and regulated until all circuits are
working under normal conditions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Joints found to be faulty
under heat are to be completely remade.

All tests are to be carried out before application of the paint or insulation and valve adjustments
made with the circulating pumps in operation.
The Contractor shall ensure that before informing the Engineer of the proposed tests, all remedial
work has been carried out and that there are no leaks. Failure to comply with this Clause could
result in a charge being made by the Engineer to the Contractor for the abortive visit.
Each welder shall be assigned a reference, which shall be stamped on each weld and when the
general hydraulic tests of the completed systems are carried out, each weld shall be lightly
hammered during the time that pressure is maintained.
If any leaks occur at welds, the portion of the weld near the leak shall be cut out and re-welded.
Such leaks shall not be repaired by caulking or attempted fusion of the surrounding metal. Should a
considerable portion of the welded joints made by a particular operator be found to be defective due
to faulty workmanship, all such welds shall be cut out and re-welded by another operator, whose
work has proved satisfactory.
During the progress of the Works, inspection will be made by the Engineer to ensure that all burrs
and swarf have been removed from cuts and that the cuts have been made square.
The Engineer reserves the right to instruct the Contractor to cut open any sections of the piping
network to inspect cuts or to have welded joints laboratory tests.
If the test and inspection should prove that the welds are to the required standard or that all burrs
and swarf have been removed, the Client will pay costs incurred by the Contractor in removing
testing and replacing the Sections of piping work. If, however, the inspection and test show that the
welds or cuts are below the class of workmanship for this class of work, or if they are found to be
faulty in any respect, the Contractor shall make good any such faults free of cost to the Client and
shall pay all fees incurred by the tests.

APPENDIX I
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF INSULATION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Size of Pipe in mm. Minimum Thickness (mm) of Insulation
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Steel Copper Chilled Water
Un Conditioned
Areas
Chilled Water
Conditioned Areas
All Cold Water
System, Cold
Feeds & Open
Vents
L.T.H.W.
D.H.W.S.
Systems
M.T.H.W.
Systems
Condense
15 15 25 25 10 32 32 50
20 22 25 25 10 32 50 50
25 28 25 25 10 32 50 50
32 35 32 25 10 32 50 50
40 42 32 25 10 38 50 50
50 54 32 25 10 50 50 50
65 67 38 32 10 50 50 50
80 76 38 32 10 50 50 63
100 108 38 38 10 50 50 75
125 133 38 38 10 50 63 75
150 159 50 38 10 50 63 100
200 - 50 38 10 63 63 100
250 - 50 38 10 63 63 100
300 - 50 38 10 63 75 100
350 - 50 38
External (all sizes) 50
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Declared Up to Up to Up to Up to
Up to
Thermal
Conductivity 0.026 0.040 0.040 0.040
0.055
(w/m per °C
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
H.T.H.W
Systems
& Steam

APPENDIX NO. II VALVES
Service Types Size Specification
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Isolation and Regulation Up to & inc. 50. mm. Bronzegate valve screwed to BSPT PN20-B.S.5154
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Orifice Valve Up to & inc. 50mm/ Bronze orifice valve balancing screwed BSPT PN-20B.S.5154
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Double Regulating valve Up to & inc. 50mm Bronze double regulating valve screwed BSPT PN20-B.S.7350
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Isolation and Regulation 65 mm. & over Cast iron gate valve flanged PN16-B.S.5150
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Orifice Valve 65 mm. & over Cast iron orific valve flanged PN16-B.S.7350
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Double Regulating Valve 65 mm. & over Cast iron orifice valve flanged PN16-B.S.7350
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Fan Convectors, H/L Pipe Up to 32 mm. Bronze straight radiator valves screwed BSPT-B.S.2767
Coils and Fan Coil/Units
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Radiators Up to 32 mm. Bronze angle radiator valve screwed BSPT-B.S.2767
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Check Valves Up to &inc. 50mm. Bronze swing check valve screwed BSPT PN25-B.S. 5154
L.P.H.W. & Chilled Water Check Valves 65 mm. & over Cast iron swing check valve flanged PN16-B.S.5153
Gas Isolation Up to & inc. 50mm. Lubricated cast iron plug cock screwed BSPT PN 16
Gas Isolation 65 mm. & over Lubricated cast iron cock flanged PN16
Oil Isolation Up to & inc. 50 mm. Bronze gate valve screwed BSPT PN20-B.S.5154
Oil Isolation 65 mm. & over Cast iron valve split wedge flanged PN20
M.C.W.S. Stopcock Up to & inc. 54 mm. Gunmetal stopcock with loose jumper
M.C.W.S. Stop Valves 67 mm. & over Cast iron gate valve flanged PN20-B.S.5150
Boosted, Tanked Cold & Stopcock Up to 54mm. where Gunmental stopcock with loose jumper
Hot Water Services Is no circulation
Boosted, Tanked Cold & Isolation Up to & inc. 54 mm. Bronze gate valve screwed BSPT PN20-B.S.5154
Hot Water Services
Boosted, Tanked Cold & Isolation All sizes where Flanging Bronze gate valve flanged PN20-B.S.5154
Hot water services to equipment
Drains Plantroom boiler house Up to & inc. 50 mm. Bronze gland cock screwed BSPT hose union
Drains Other low level positions Up to & inc. 50mm. Bronze cock screwed BSPT hose union B.S.2879
Steam Isolation 15mm. – 32mm Bronze globe valve screwed BSPT PN40-B.S.5154

APPENDIX NO. II VALVES
Service Types Size Specification
Steam Isolation 40 mm. – 80 mm. Bronzeglobevalve flanged PN 32-B.S.5154
Steam Isolation 100mm. and above Cast steel parallel slide PN 16
Condensate Isolation 15 mm. – 32 mm. Bronze gate valve screwed BSPT PN20-B.S.5154
Condensate Isolation 40 mm. and above Bronze gate flanged PN20-B.S.5154
Condensate Check 15 m. – 25 mm. Bronze horizontal lift check valve screwed BSPT PN32-B.S.5154
Condensate Check 32 mm. – and above Bronze horizontal lift check valve flanged PN 16-B.S.5154
M/H PHW Isolation Up to and inc. 50 mm. Bronze parallel slide valve flanged PN 25 – B.S.5154
M/H PHW Isolation 65 mm. and above Cast steel parallel slide valve PN 16-B.S. 5157
M/H PHW Double regulation Up to and inc. 50 mm. Cast steel parallel slide flanged PN 16-B.S.5157
M/H PHW Double regulation 65 mm. and above Bronze orifice valve flanged PN25-B.S.5154
M/H PHW Orifice valve Up to and inc. 50 mm. Cast iron double regulating valve flanged PN 16-B.S.5152
M/H PHW Orifice Valve 65 mm. and above Cast iron double regulating valve flanged PN 16-B.S.5152

APPENDIX NO. III
The following table indicates the recommended spacing for pipe supports and guides:
Steel Piping (Temperatures up to 100 °C ).
Pipe Size Distance Between Distance Hanger
Alignment between Supports Rod Dia
in mm. Guides (meters) Bare Insulated mm.
______ _____________ _ _____ Horizontal Vertical ______
15 3.0 1.8 1.8 2.4 10
20 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 10
25 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 10
32 3.0 2.7 2.4 3.0 12
40 3.0 3.0 2.4 3.7 12
50 4.0 3.0 2.7 3.7 12
65 4.6 3.4 2.7 3.7 16
80 5.8 3.7 3.0 4.3 16
100 7.6 4.0 3.0 4.6 16
125 9.0 4.6 3.7 5.5 16
150 10.6 4.9 4.5 5.5 16
200 13.7 5.5 6.0 8.5 16
250 18.0 6.0 6.5 9.0 20
300 21.2 6.4 7.0 10.0 24
400 27.4 7.0 8.25 10.0 30
450 30.0 7.3 8.6 10.0 36
500 9.0 10.0
600 9.6 10.0
For temperatures above 100 °C use rod sizes given in Table (8) of BS 397

14 Electrical Works
General Terms
1. Scope of Work
The following specifications and bills of quantities refer to the electrical, power, lighting and communication
installation works in Nablus Mental Health Center.
Works to be executed as part of this contract/tender include: -
* Supply and installation of the secondary switchboards.
* Installation of supply cables for main and secondary switchboards, in the building, and for the electrical
switchboards of such systems as air-conditioning, central heating, etc.
* Electrical installations for lighting, power supply sockets and other installations.
* Supply and installation of luminaries (Lighting Fixtures) for general lighting
* Supply and installation of communications cabinets and low current system installations.
* Supply and installation of trellis trays and/ or sheet metal ducts for electricity and communications.
* Supply and installation of an Intercom System.
* Supply and installation of a Fire-Detection and Fire Alarm system.
* Supply and installation of Computer System.
1

2. The Electrical & Communication Systems - General Description
* The main electrical switchboard for the new floor will be installed in the corridor. This switchboard will
receive its power supply from the MDB in 1 st Floor.
* Secondary electrical switchboards will be installed into the building. These secondary switchboards are to
supply power for the required lighting, equipments and socket outlets on the floors and/ or areas associated
with it.
* These secondary switchboards will receive their power supply from the main electrical switchboard or from
other secondary switchboards, all according to the electrical power supply descriptions in the drawings.
* The electrical cables supplying power to the secondary switchboards will be installed into conduits with
appropriate size laid into ground slab or floor slab or in cable trays over the false ceiling.
* A communication cabinet will be installed into the building. This cabinet is to serve as a central distribution
cabinet for all signaling and communications systems into that floor.
* The main communication and signaling cables will be installed into conduits with appropriate size laid into
ground slab or floor slab or in cable trays over the false ceiling.
3. Compliance with Regulations and Standards
The electrical installation must meet all the requirements of the Electrical Authority. The electrical installation
must meet all the requirements of international standards, which apply to any part, component or accessory
thereof, and in the absence of applicable Local Standards, all parts; components and accessories must comply
with British or German standards (In that order).
4. Compliance with Agreements
All works associated with this contract/tender will be executed in accordance with these specifications. These
specifications constitute a complementary supplement to the General specifications. In any event of a point or
issue for which contradicting instructions had been given in different publications, the documents listed below
shall take precedence, in the following order:
• Bill Of Quantities,
• The plans/ drawings,
• These specifications,
• The general specifications.
The "Preliminaries" sections included in the construction works specifications equally apply to these
specifications.
5. Compliance with Plans and Specifications
The electrical installation must be executed with complete adherence to the plans and other contractual
documents. Any change of plan must be authorized, in writing, by the supervisor. This requirement applies to
changes suggested by the contractor as well as to changes demanded by the supervisor.
6. Quality Assurance and Licensing Requirements
All works must be executed to the highest standards and in accordance with the applicable requirements of the
Electrical Authority. The contractor must have a government-issued license for electrical works of the "Chief
Electrician" type, and he must have in his permanent employment, on the site, electrical engineer with at least
five years experience.
The contractor must also employ as sufficient number of employees to ensure the proper progress of his work
and its completion's on time. The engineer, the supervisor or his representative may reject the work or any part
thereof if the work or any part thereof had not been carried out in accordance with the correction and/ or the
specification and/ or the required professional standards. The contractor should employ the assistance of subcontractors
and the appropriate specialists for all special jobs, which, in the supervisor opinion, are not within
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the normal scope of the contractor's expertise. The supervision may reject any employee, manufacturer, etc.
Who, in his opinion, is not suitable for the execution of the work in question?
7. Quality of Materials
All materials and equipment used for the execution of the work must be new and of the best quality, and must
be approved by the supervisor before execution. The equipment and/ or materials must comply with the
following European standards: VDE, IEC, or BS. The equipment and/or materials must be accompanied by a
certificate of testing by an authorized institute, to confirm their compliance with the applicable standard. All
expenses incurred in connection with these tests and in connection with other tests, if required by the
supervisor, will be covered by the contractor.
The contractor must submit to the supervisor samples of all materials, accessories and all other parts of the
installation, in order to obtain the later 's approval for these elements prior to execution. All samples will be
kept on the site, at such a location as determined by the supervisor.
In addition to complying with the applicable standards, the equipment and materials must agree with the
samples approved by the supervisor. Any equipment and/or materials which fail to agree with the
aforementioned samples will be removed from the site by the contractor at his expense, and the contractor
would have to supply other equipment and/or materials which agree with the plans, specifications and samples
approved by the supervisor in place of those removed.
8. Approval of Samples
The approval of samples of materials and/or equipment by the supervisor, does not in any way detract from the
contractor's full and exclusive responsibility for the quality of equipment and materials supplied in the model
of those samples, in accordance with the quality definitions prescribed in the specifications and/ or applicable
standards.
9. Additional Tests
The supervisor may demand from the contractor that samples of materials/ equipment, in whole or in part, be
submitted to testing. These tests, if required, will be conducted by the Local Standards Institute, at the
contractor's expense, without meriting any additional payment.
10. Equipment & Materials
In the submittal of his proposal, the contractor must undertake and specifically state that all the materials and
equipment required in order to complete the installation are readily available to him, and that they will be
delivered to the site at the appropriate time with the purpose of completing his work on time.
This undertaking and statement must also cover all tools, instruments and labor required in order to execute the
work contained in these specification. All work must be carried out by skilled, professional workers, under the
supervision of a professional Engineer approved by the supervisor.
11. Management of Work
In order to supervise the execution of his work, the contractor will appoint an electrical engineer with
experience not less than five years, who must be approved by the supervisor. The Engineer must be present on
the site whenever the works constituting the subject of this contract are being carried out, and he will be the
only person authorized to address the supervisor with any problem arising during work execution. The
Engineer will carry out his work subject to the supervisor's instructions, and any instruction issued by the
supervisor to the Engineer will bind the contractor.
In any event when a certain matter has to be clarified between the supervisor and Engineer, and in the
contractor's absence, the Engineer must be fully authorized to represent the contractor, and his signature will
bind the contractor's.
The contractor, through his Engineer, will conduct a regular work log, in which all work progress processes
will be entered, as well as the supervisors’ remarks and any claims for irregular works. This work-log must be
kept on the site and be available to the supervisor at all times.
12. Coordination of Execution with Other Entities
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The contractor will be responsible for the execution and completion of his work in such time as proved
appropriate for the progress of the over-all project, while coordinating his work with the main contractor and
the other subcontractors, without causing any damages or delays in the works carried out inside the building
and in the surrounding area. The contractor must ensure, particularly, that none of the junction boxes or
passages/ductworks already installed be locked by other installations such as: water pipes, sewage pipes, air
conditioning ducts, etc. The contractor must submit for the supervisor's approval a timetable for the execution
of his work, which must be coordinated with the timetable of the main contractor.
13. Familiarization with the Site Surroundings and Working Conditions
The contractor must specifically state that he had visited the site and had thoroughly familiarized himself with
the topography of the area and the locations of the buildings property, the access roads leading to these
buildings, the locations of adjacent buildings, the working conditions on the site and buildings and any
consequences which may pertain to the execution of his work. The contractor must specifically state that he
had studied, familiarized himself with and thoroughly understood the specifications, drawings and bill of
quantities, and that he undertakes to execute his work according to the requirements, either expressed or
implied, contained within these documents.
The contractor must specifically state in his proposal that he had taken into account all conditions and details
pertaining to his work. No claims based on such arguments as not having been familiar with the working
conditions on the site or with the requirement of having to execute the work stage-by-stage instead of
continuously, or the requirement of having to co-ordinate one's work with other sub-contractors and specialists
may be accepted.
14. Contractor's Responsibility Warranty
The contractor will be responsible to the client for the quality of the workmanship and materials he had
supplied for a period of one year after the installation has been completed, tested and accepted. Any
malfunctions, failures, faults and defects detected in the installation during this warranty period, or any work
found to have been executed not according to the plans, specifications and instructions, will be repaired by the
contractor, at his expense, within an appropriate time-interval, as determined by the engineer and supervisor.
Supervision of the contractor's work and approval of it by the engineer and supervisor will not exempt the
contractor from his responsibility for the execution.
15. As-Built Drawings
Before the final, comprehensive test is commissioned, the contractor will prepare the electrical
plans/drawings of the installations as built, with clear markings of all deviations and changes carried out
- with the supervisor's consent - in relation to the original plans. The contractor will submit to the
supervisor two sets of updated plans, in addition to those required for submittal to the Electrical
Company for the purpose of testing the installation in addition to a CD copy with all as built drawings
and details.
16. Installation Testing & Acceptance
When the installation has been completed, a trial run will be carried out to ensure that the installation functions
properly. Any malfunctions detected must be repaired to the supervisor's fullest satisfaction. Following the
trial run, the contractor will commission a test by the official authority, which is to be coordinated in advance
with the supervisor. The contractor will invite the official authority to test the entire installation or any part
thereof, as required by the supervisor.
The work shall be considered complete after it has been accepted, without reserve, by the official authority, by
the supervisor, and after a trial run has been carried out. Any changes or repairs required will be carried out
without delay, until the aforementioned installation has been finally accepted. The contractor will supply all the
labor, means and instruments required in order to carry out the aforementioned tests and trial run. The
supervisor will serve as the exclusive arbiter regarding any term or definition contained within these
specifications, as well as the evaluation of the works and their compliance with these specifications.
17. Cutting and Patching
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Any cutting in walls for the installation of electrical work shall be done by the contractor with extreme care, so
that the structure will not be endangered. Adequate protection shall be provided to prevent damage to adjacent
areas. Patching and finishing of openings shall be the responsibility of the electrical contractor.
18. Additional Work & Variation Orders
Any additional work or variation order should be approved during the work. The client or the
supervisor engineer should approve any additional work or variation order. Without such an approval
the contractor will do any of these works at his expense, without meriting any additional payment.
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1. General
Electrical Switchboards
1. The manufacturer of the electrical switchboards must be a reputable, well-established manufacturer with at
least 10 years' experience in the manufacture of electrical switchboards of similar size and power as the
switchboards required for this project. The contractor must obtain the client's approval for the order of the
electrical switchboards.
2. The manufacturer of the electrical switchboards should be capable of providing engineering and technical
support services such as consulting and maintenance for the switchboards he had manufactured.
3. The electrical switchboard manufacturing plant must have a quality assurance department, which relies on
written procedures and regulations, in accordance with the directives of the Local Standards Institute. A
quality assurance engineer must head this department. The manufacturer would have to present a document
confirming this upon the client's demand.
4. The manufacturer of the electrical switchboards must submit with his bid a document listing the knowledge
and technology according to which the switchboards are manufactured, as well as documents which confirm
that the electrical switchboard chassis in accordance with the recommendations of its manufacturers.
5. The bid will apply to the contents of these specifications, and must take into account the manufacturing,
operation and testing of the switchboard at the manufacturer's plant, as well as its packing and transportation to
the site, preparations for switchboard storage for a period of time in excess of one year, including wrapping
with polyethylene sheets if so required by the client, and its installation at the site at such a time as determined
by the supervisor, including connection of all circuits supplied by the switchboard in question.
6. The manufacturer of the electrical switchboards will supply, at his own expense, all the testing equipment
required in order to test the switchboards in accordance with the client's requirements.
7. The contractor will bear full and exclusive responsibility for the quality of planning and manufacturing of the
electrical switchboards, and the client's approval would not exempt him from this responsibility.
2. Main & Secondary Electrical Switchboards–Structural Requirements:
1. The electrical switchboard will consist of a cabinet made up of galvanized, 2mm thick metal sheets, with all
equipment items installed behind removable panels. Any changes in the switchboard structure or layout must
be authorized in advance by the supervisor, or in accordance with the bill of quantities. Structural requirements
are also specified in the plans/ drawings for each switchboard.
2. The electrical switchboards must be constructed/ manufactured according to a modular method, including
modular assembly hardware to enable the feature addition of cabinets and equipment without difficulty. This
modular manufacturing method must agree with the recommendations of the manufacturers of the electrical
equipment regarding the necessary clearance between adjacent accessories and between the accessories and the
switchboard chassis.
3. The electrical switchboards must have an impermeability grading of IP34 according to the requirements of the
German Standards VDE 0100/0660. Din 40050, and Local Standards.
4. When determining the switchboard dimensions, the manufacturer must take into consideration some extra
space for additional equipment (25% spare space minimum), or as specified in the drawings.
5. Switchboard construction must permit convenient access to all switchboard equipment items as well as to
instruments, etc., for such purposes as maintenance & service, repairs, etc. All switchboards must have internal
panels unless otherwise specified in the bill of quantities or plans. All switchboard accessories must carry sign/
indications in accordance with the switchboard manufacturing plans.
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6. Painting of electrical switchboards will be carried out in accordance with the General Specifications for Paint
Works. The topcoat must be applied electrostatically and oven-baked. Color shade should be Oven RAL-7032,
and the minimum thickness of all paint layers must be 90 microns.
7. All secondary electrical switchboards will be installed inside niches enclosed by metal doors, which are to be
installed as part of the construction work.
8. Electrical switchboard structure must include panels to cover input and output pipes/ conduit.
9. The structure of the main electrical switchboard will be suitable for installation over a channel in the floor. All
switchboards must include proper floor-attachment facilities, and terminal panels in the top section and bottom
section, in accordance with the location of the cable output.
3. Electrical Switchboard Manufacturing Plans
The drawings of the switchboard plans submitted to the contractor are principle drawings only. The contractor
(manufacturer) of the electrical switchboards must prepare detailed manufacturing plans for all switchboards,
in accordance with the aforementioned drawings, the type of switchboard in question and its construction
method, as listed in these specifications. These manufacturing plans must include the following: -
a. A single-wire electrical schematic of the electrical switchboards, including identifying data from the various
equipment items.
b. A diagram of the switchboard with its doors/ panels closed, and in a separate diagram, an outline of the
switchboard without its doors/ panels.
c. Structural cross-sections of the switchboard from all sides, including detailed description of its structural
elements (e.g. metal profile type and thickness, method of connection between the sheet-metal covers and the
profiles, welding method, etc.).
d. A diagram of the routing of the main and secondary bus bars, main bus-bar junctions, and the reinforcing
hardware for the main and secondary bus-bars.
e. An accurate, detailed diagram, including dimensions, of the installation and locations of all equipment items on
the switchboard.
f. A full list of accessories, including: the name of the manufacturer and his representative in Palestine or Israel,
part numbers of all equipment items plus their technical characteristics (e.g. breaking capacity, rated current,
physical dimensions, rated voltage/ frequency, disruption and insulation voltages).
Whenever possible, the manufacturer should accompany the plans with original catalogues and technical
information as issued by the original manufacturer of the equipment, for all equipment types and items he
intends to use.
g. Detailed cross-sections of the bus bars, the type of insulators on which they are installed, and the clearances
between them (the manufacturer should accompany the plans with catalogues of the insulators). The technical
data for the cross-sections of the bus bars and insulators will be determined by the manufacturer in accordance
with the following criteria:
1. Tables of bus-bar cross-sections and spatial arrangement as a function of operating current and environment
temperature. The tables must be obtained from the manufacturer of the accessories installed in the
switchboard, or according to DIN 43671.
2. Tables or calculations of the clearances between the insulators holding the bus bars as a function of the shortcircuit
current.
h. Switchboard impermeability data according to the IP classification, in accordance with the requirements
contained in the specifications, plans or bill of quantities.
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i. The plans must include the manufacturer's specifications for the painting process of the switchboard chassis,
including step-by-step instructions for preparing the switchboards prior to the actual painting.
4. Approval of the Manufacturing Plans
The plans specified in paragraph 3 above must be submitted by the contractor for reviewing and approval by
the planner. Only after the plans have been approved and all modifications and updates (if such had been
required) have been introduced may the contractor begin the actual manufacturing of the switchboards. Any
plans submitted for authorization with any of the details listed in paragraph 3 above missing will be returned to
the contractor without having been reviewed or authorized, and the contractor will be held responsible for any
delays in the work process.
5. Electrical Switchboard Testing
a. The manufacturer of the electrical switchboards will invite the planner, through the supervisor, to oversee the
manufacturing of the switchboards at the following stages:
1) Following completion of the switchboard frames and prior to painting of same.
2) Following completion of the final painting.
3) Following assembly of the bus bars and accessories.
4) Following completion of the wiring for the switchboards and all accessories.
In the event that the switchboard manufacturer had used standards, pre-fabricated cabinets manufactured by an
approved manufacturer, and this has been confirmed and approved by the planner, stages 1) and 2) above may
be waived.
Only after each of the execution stages listed above has been approved may the manufacturer proceed with the
switchboard manufacturing process.
b. When the manufacturing of the switchboards at the plant has been completed, the manufacturer will invite the
planner, through the supervisor, to test the switchboards at the plant. Only after the planner has carried out a
test and issued a written authorization may the contractor remove the switchboards from the manufacturer's
plant and transfer them to the site.
In any case, the aforementioned authorization may not be regarded as a final acceptance of the switchboards.
The final acceptance will take place on the site, in the presence of the client, the supervisor and the contractor,
after the switchboards have been installed at the site, connected to the users and activated.
6. Bus Bars
a. The switchboards will contain bus bars for phases R, S, T, neutral and ground, without paint. These bus bars
shall be made of copper, and their cross-section must be compatible, thermally and mechanically, with the
short-circuit currents specified in the plans, and in any case not less than 15KA.
b. The electrical switchboards must be constructed without any cables, and all connections between the main bus
bars and equipment items must be done through flexible, insulated secondary bus bars, attached to the
switchboard chassis. The cross-section of the neutral bus bar must be the same as the cross - section of the
phase bus bar.
c. Connection between main bus bars and secondary bus bars must be done by means of suitable terminals,
without drilling any holes through the bus bars.
d. Miniature automatic circuit breakers for up to 63 A will be connected to the bus bars in groups by means of
terminal strips (blocks).
e. In cases of cable outputs from the top and bottom sections of the switchboard, neutral and ground bus bars will
be installed at the top section as well as at the bottom section of the switchboard.
8

f. Multi-layer plastic signs carrying the appropriate written identification will be installed over the bus bars.
7. Ground & Neutral Bus Bars and Terminal Panels
Each electrical switchboard will include a grounding bus-bar which would provide grounding connections for
the various circuits, as well as terminals for the grounding lead which supplies the switchboards or grounds it
to a metal fixture.
Ditto for the neutral bus bar and terminals.
The switchboard is to include also a "terminal and connection box/panel", which should enable convenient
access to the terminals, and a profile for cable attachment. With each cable, conductor or wire connected to the
terminals, some excess must be provided by forming a length of the cable or wire into a loop.
8. Grounding
a. Grounding of the switchboard chassis will be affected by welding a galvanized stud inside the switchboard, to
which a grounding lead from the grounding bus bar of the switchboard will be connected by means of a cable
shoes.
b. Galvanic continuity must be ensured for all parts of the switchboards. In switchboards with doors a grounding
bridge must be established between the switchboard chassis and the doors by means of a flexible grounding
lead and cable shoes.
c. In switchboards consisting of integrated modules, a grounding stud will be connected as described in subparagraph
(a) above to each module separately, in order to obtain a galvanic continuity between all modules.
9. Accessories
All switchboard accessories must withstand a short-circuit current of 15,000 Amperes minimum, per
VDE 0641/0660, unless otherwise specified. Each accessory must carry a marking of the standard to
which it conforms (approved standards: IEC, VDE and UL). All connection terminals for the various
accessories must be protected against contact with live parts in accordance with VDE 106, Part 100.
The switchboard accessories must be of the following types and models, and must conform to the instructions
listed below: -
a. "KLOCKNER-MOELLER", “MERLIN-GERIN“, "SIEMENS", "TELEMECANIQUE", or “GE”.
b. Functionally equivalent accessories in all switchboards must be of the same make. Installation of functionallyequivalent
accessories of different makes will not be allowed.
c. Rotary switches will be as made by "KLOCKNER-MOELLER",“GE” or equivalent, of the on-load
disconnected type, with a zero position. Rotary switches must conform to VDE 0660, 0113 regarding their
breaking capacity, as well as to the insulating characteristics specified in VDE 0110, class "C".
d. All indication lamps will be of the incandescent type, 220 Volts, with an E-14 type base and an arrangement
for voltage reduction to 75% of the lamp's rated voltage by means of an integral resistor.
e. Miniature automatic circuit breakers for currents up to 63 A will be as made by “MERLIN-GERIN”,
"SIEMENS", "KLOCKNER-MOELLER", with tripping characteristic "G", unless otherwise specified in the
plans. All automatic circuit breakers must conform to VDE 0110,0641, 0660, and must withstand a short
circuit current of 10000 Amperes minimum.
f. Three-phase automatic circuit breakers for currents in excess of 63 A must have an adjustable magnetic and
thermal current, and a facility for the connection of auxiliary contacts, trip coil, etc.
g. Earth-leakage relays will be as made by “MERLIN-GERIN”, "SIEMENS", "KLOCKNER MOELLER", and
must conform to VDE 0664.
9

h. Contactors will be as made by "TELEMECANIQUE" or "KLOCKNER-MOELLER" or “GE”, and must
conform to VDE 0660/1 and to AC2-class operating conditions.
i. Built-in measuring instruments (gauges) must be 96x96 mm or 72x72 mm, as required by the plans and/or the
bills of quantities.
All built-in measuring instruments (gauges) must be screened against electromagnetic induction, with an
accuracy rate of 1.5%, and protected against short-circuit in the measured line.
j. Terminals will be made of a thermoplastic material, with a screw and pressure clamp, such as made by
"PHOENIX”, of the type suitable for installation on "DIN"-type rails, for operating voltage of 500 Volts and
with "C"-class insulation characteristics.
k. When selecting the equipment and the method for installing it on the switchboard, the contractor must take into
consideration an operating temperature of 40 degrees centigrade. All equipment items must conform to DIN
40040 regarding environmental and climatic conditions.
10. Terminals
All connections between the various accessories of the switchboard and the installation must be arranged by
means of terminal strips, with indication tags and numerated bus-bars for the neutral and ground.
All terminals must be of the rail-mounted (terminal strip) type.
11. Signing
a. The contractor must arrange for the proper signing of all circuits, and match all signs with the installation in its
complete state. Multi-layer plastic signs will be attached to the front of the switchboard and inside it by means
of screws and in such a manner as to ensure the unequivocal identification of all components even when the
protective covers have been removed. The signs will be installed after the switchboard has been painted for the
second time. Signs will also be installed on the doors enclosing the niches in which electrical switchboards
had been installed.
b. Color shades for switchboard signing will be as follows:
1. Main cable inputs - white over a red background.
2. Outputs & accessories - white over a black background.
In addition to the aforementioned color shades, signs in different color combinations will also be
prepared in order to distinguish specific areas of the switchboard. These color combinations will be coordinated
with the manufacturer of the electrical switchboards before any of the circuits and accessories
have been sign-posted.
c. At the top part of the switchboard, a sign will be installed which would indicate the switchboard name
(designation), number and supply source. Another sign will be installed on the side of the switchboard, which
would contain the name, address and telephone number of the switchboard manufacturer.
12. Switchboard Schematics
Each switchboard will contain a pouch with a drawing, which is to include an electrical schematic and
the switchboard structural plan.
13. Proper Location
The contractor must check the locations where the switchboards are to be installed. He must also ensure
that the switchboards are compatible with the building and with the locations where they are to be
installed.
10

Installations in the Building
1. Piping / Cable Conduits
1. Conduits shall be installed for all wires and cables except where otherwise stated or directed. The conduits shall
be PVC pipe of the thinner type (Merikaf) or similar under plaster.
2. Conduits of a fireproof plastic type should be used whenever exposed installations are used or inside acoustic
ceiling. And it shall be securely fastened in place by means of galvanized metal profile sections.
3. No conduits used should have an internal diameter less than 13mm. The conductor’s area within the conduit
should not exceed 50% of the area of the conduit.
4. The contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the conduits are so laid that the water cannot infiltrate or
accumulate at any point.
5. The contractor shall be responsible to ensure that placing of the conduit is done prior to pouring of concrete
without delaying the concrete work.
6. In conduit installation the contractor should make all his effort to run all the pipes in horizontal or vertical lines
and not inclined and to be at the same level from the floor in all rooms.
7. The conduits should have at least covered of 2cm of plaster or concrete.
8. Separate conduits have to be used for different electrical systems of different voltage.
9. Conduits between any two-connection boxes have to be of one piece with no connection in the pipes.
10. Where finish wall surfaces are to be plastered, the Electrical Contractor shall cooperate with the general
contractor during construction of these walls and use care in the installation of all conduits and boxes so that
wall surfaces will have a finished appearance.
11. Conduits shall be installed to requirements of structure and to requirements of all other work on the project.
Conduits shall be installed to clear all openings, depressions, pipes, ducts, reinforcing steel, etc. and conduit set
in forms for concrete structure shall be installed in a manner that installation will not affect the strength of the
structure.
12. All conduits have to be approved by local standards.
13. All piping/ cable conduit installations must be co-ordinated with the installation of the air-conditioning piping
and ductwork, water pipes, sewage pipe, etc.
14. For exposed installations on walls, heavy, rigid PVC, self-extinguishing type piping/ cable conduit shall be
used
2. Pull Boxes and Connection Boxes
1. The contractor has to make his best to use the minimum number of these boxes.
2. Connection boxes should be of the same material as that of the conduits.
3. Pull boxes should be of steel or plastic according to the engineer instructions.
4. All boxes should be covered.
5. Installed connectors should be used in all the connections inside the boxes.
6. Cable of different voltages should not be drawn or connected in the same connection boxes.
3. Switches
1. Outlet boxes for switches are to be fixed 140cm above finished floor level and 12cm horizontally from the
outside edge of the nearest door.
2. Switches should be of 10Amp. With different signs for emergency switches if used.
3. Switches should be of waterproof type GEWISS or equivalent for the bathrooms and where other else shown.
4. All switches should be all insulated flush of GEWISS or equivalent.
5. Switches shall be wired with the phase lines only.
6. Switch panels shall have a similar assembly to switches and it should be group mounted in a common box if
possible. Otherwise it has to be group mounted in aluminum or stainless steel cover to the approval of the
engineer.
4. Wires & Cables
1. All wires and cables, except where otherwise stated should have a soft copper core, refined and tinned, with an
electric conductivity of not less than 98%. The core shall be insulated with rubber with braid for 750 volts
service.
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2. The contractor prior to commencement of the work should submit samples of cabling and wiring proposed by
the designer. These must comply with the requirements of the IEE and the local standards to ensure a constant
voltage in every part of the building.
3. All wires are to be standard. (For power and lighting, the neutral wire shall be different in color from and the
phase wires).
4. All wires shall be run on conduit and shall be continuous between outlets and boxes. At least 20cm of wire
shall be left at outlets for fixture connections.
5. Where size is shown on drawings, or specified it shall be the same size throughout the circuit.
6. Wiring inside panel boards shall neat and well arranged, using appropriate lugs for terminals and connection
of conductors.
7. Joints in the cables or wires are not allowed inside the conduits.
8. Wires are to be fixed to boards with an appliance ensuring perfect electrical contact, to the approval of
Electrical Engineer.
9. Cable shoes have to be used for wires or cables 6mm2 or above.
10. All boxes and distribution boards have to be carefully cleaned from plaster and other foreign material before
drawing any electric wires or cables.
11. All the cables should be of the NYY type 5 or 4 cores, 11000 volt, plain annealed high conductivity copper
wire conductors PVC sheathed.
12. Cable terminations should be through brass glands. Glands should be complete with brass earth tags and steel
lock nuts.
13. Cable connections at both ends should be through cable shoes.
14. Cables should be covered with soft sand, concrete slabs and special warning tape.
5. Painting
All metal elements, including pipes, supports, reinforcement hardware, brackets, etc., shall be painted
with one layer of anti-corrosive Zinc-Chromate primer, followed by two layers of oven-backed topcoat,
in the color shade specified. Before painting, all metal elements must be cleaned of any dirt, rust, etc.
6. Cable & Piping/ Conduit Reinforcing Hardware
All reinforcing hardware profiles shall be type Z20N2 as manufactured by "ASHDOD ELECTRO-
MECHANICS" or equivalent, with 30mm sides. All profiles must be galvanized, and shall be attached
to ceiling and/or walls by means of Philips-head screws. The above profiles should be included in the
regular prices for the installation of the cables or piping.
7. Preparatory Work for Electrical (Mains) & Telephone Supplies
The contractor shall be charged with the responsibility for finding out the manner and details concerning the
supply of mains electrical power by the Electrical Co. as well as the supply of telephone lines by the Pal Tel
Co. The contractor shall make all necessary preparations for this purpose in due time, in co-ordination with the
Electrical Co. and the Pal Tel Co. The contractor would also have to co-ordinate the works having to do with
crossing of the road or any other public passageways with the supervisor and the client representative and/or
the local Municipality (excavation permits, etc.).
8. Location of Electrical Installation Elements
Before the actual execution of his work, the contractor must obtain from the supervisor a final approval
for the accurate locations (measurements and heights) of such accessories as socket housings, lighting
switches, telephone sockets and lighting fixture outlets. In addition, the contractor must obtain an
approval for the manner in which adjacent or multiple items are to be installed. The measurements
indicated in the drawings (according to the relevant scale) must not be relied upon without the
supervisor's approval.
The contractor must be assisted by the architectural room-layout drawings which indicate the locations of the
various electrical and communications accessories, as well as by the air-conditioning and sanitary installation
drawings, in order to establish and verify the accurate locations for the installation of all electrical accessories
as well as ductwork and piping passages.
9. Accessories
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a. Bakelite accessories - switches, socket housings, push buttons, telephone sockets, etc. shall be as
manufactured by GEWISS 20 Euro system range-modular components, and GEWISS 22-24 Euro system
range plates, supports.
b. In places where multiple electrical accessories (e.g. socket housings, lighting switches, etc.) are to be installed
side-by-side, they shall be mounted on common frames and covers in a "composite" structure, with the
contractor observing the proper separation between circuits, as prescribed by the Electricity Act.
c. Metal accessories - in installations where armored accessories are used, all socket housings must feature a
spring-loaded or screw-on (threaded) type cover.
d. All electrical and communications accessories shall be attached to their related junction boxes by means of
screws, in order to prevent these accessories from being pulled loose when plugs, etc. are being pulled out.
e. All terminal boxes shall have covers attached to the box by means of screws.
10. Sleeves and Piping/ Conduit Passing Through Concrete Floors on Structural Walls:
a. Sleeves through which electrical and telephone cables are inserted shall be fabricated from pipes, as described
in the drawings.
b. The sleeves shall be laid in the ground before the concrete floor is cast, in accordance with the location and
routing described in the drawings.
c. Installation of sleeves prior to concrete casting shall necessitate the preparation of frames, brackets and
reinforcement hardware for fixing the sleeve in place.
d. Sleeves extending outside of the building shall be installed with a downward, outward gradient, to prevent
water penetration.
e. After the cables have been inserted through the sleeve, the sleeve ends shall be sealed against moisture using
the appropriate sealant.
11. Cable Ducts
a. Plastic cable ducts shall be of the self-extinguishing materials.
b. All ducts shall be installed horizontally using suitable reinforcing hardware, made up of 1 mm thick galvanized
sheet metal, or attached to the ceiling by means of hangers at 40 cm intervals.
c. Inside the ducts, serrated profiles shall be installed for cable routing, by means of plastic clamps only.
d. Metal cable ducts shall be made up of 1.5mm thick sheet metal, and attached to the ceiling, wall or on the roof
by means of hangers, at 60cm intervals. All hangers and reinforcing hardware should be included in the price
of the duct. The reinforcement specifications for each duct type must be approved prior to execution.
e. Fireproof partitions shall be installed in all enclosed cable conduits, to prevent the possibility of fire spreading
through the passages/ conduit from one wing of the building to another.
Partition installation shall be executed as specified in paragraph 3.12 below.
f. Trellis trays (mesh-type ducts) shall be made of round section, 5 mm diameter steel rods. All trays must be
galvanized with hot Zinc after welding. All changes in duct direction and all bends shall be facilitated by
means of standard bending. Separate ductwork sections shall be attached together by means of standard joints,
as manufactured by the manufacturer of the ductwork elements.
The ducts shall be installed on ceiling or walls by means of special hangers, at 60 cm intervals maximum. The
cost of all hangers and reinforcing hardware should be included in the price of ductwork, and would not merit
any separate payment. The final approval of the planner and supervisor must be obtained for all ductwork
installation and reinforcement specifications prior to execution.
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g. All metallic cable conduits must be grounded in accordance with the electricity Act.
12. Sealing of Passages for Electrical & Communication Cables
a. After all electrical and communication cables have been installed; all openings through which cables had been
inserted must be sealed. This requirement applies to horizontal passages through walls as well as to vertical
passages between floors.
b. Sealing materials and method shall be such as KBS by GRUNAU, and must meet the requirements of at least
one of the following standards: DIN 41 02, UL 263, UL 1479, NFPA 251, BS 476.
c. Sealant must be water-resistant and water weatherproof.
Sealant must be flexible enough to enable the insertion of additional cables through the passage, after it had
been sealed.
d. In any event, the sealant must not affect the thermal and electrical conductivity characteristics of the cable
insulation.
e. Sealing to prevent the passage of fire and smoke shall be executed so that it may retain its resistance
characteristics for 180 minutes minimum.
f. Upon contact with fire, the sealant must not emit toxic fumes. Toxicity level shall conform to Local Standard,
and must meet toxicity rating, which is not considered fatal for personnel.
g. Sealing is to be executed as follows: -
1) All openings shall be sealed by 60mm thick boards of compressed rock wool, with a density of 160kg/ sq.m,
coated on both sides with a uniform, 1.5 mm thick layer of "FLAMMASTIK”. Board dimensions shall match
the dimensions of the openings, plus 3 mm at both directions to allow for pressure during installation.
2) Before placing the rock-wool boards, a layer of KBS sealant shall be applied to the entire contact area between
the boards and the wall and between the boards and cables.
3) After the boards have been installed, all points which had not been sealed shall be sealed using bulk rock wool,
and an additional coating of KBS sealant.
4) In addition, a 30-mm wide strip around the opening should be coated with FLAMMASTIK.
5) After the passage has been perfectly sealed, FLAMMASTIK shall be applied or sprayed over the cables on
both sides of the passage, to a distance of 50 cm from it. Thickness of the coating layer after drying must be
about 2.5-mm minimum.
13. Marking & Signing
a. In addition to the prescriptions in this chapter of the general specifications, special markings and signs shall be
required for this project, due to the fact that it involves a public installation.
b. Electrical switchboards and socket housings: a sign shall be attached to the front of each electrical switchboard,
with a breakdown of the switchboard code, number an supply source. All switchboard accessories and wiring
shall be clearly marked, and all markings must be identical to the descriptions in the drawings, including
operating instructions and warning signs.
c. Lighting fixtures: two signs shall be attached to each lighting fixture, one indicating its serial number, and the
other indicating the number of the electrical circuit supplying it. All incandescent lighting fixtures shall carry
signs indicating the maximum allowable bulb wattage, as required.
d. Lighting switches: each switch shall be identified by the serial number of the circuit to which it belongs.
Also, a sign indicating the lighting fixtures it controls shall be installed next to it.
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e. Cables: the serial numbers of all cables shall be marked on identification discs or "sandwich" type signs
attached to the cables at their tapping (branch-off) points, with all junction boxes marked as well, or with
signs placed at 10 m intervals along the entire length of the cable in question (whichever is shorter).
Wherever cables are installed inside conduit/ ductwork, an identification sign shall be attached to the conduit/
duct with the serial numbers of all cables installed inside that conduit/ duct, their cross-sections and functions.
Markings shall be placed at 10m intervals along cable at electrical switchboard inlets and in passage pits must
be identified by signs.
f. All signs shall be of the "sandwich" type, in the colors specified by the supervisor prior to manufacturing of
the signs.
g. Electrical cabinets: signs conforming to the fire department's standards, with information such as "Main
electrical circuit breaker", etc., or any other message, as required, shall be installed on the doors of the
electrical cabinets. Sign finishing shall be co-ordinated with the architect. All communication cabinets shall
be identified by the appropriate signs as required.
h. All sign costs should be included in the regular unit price of the electrical
works, and would merit no separate payment whatsoever
Preparation for Communication & Signaling Systems
The building in question is to include a fire-detection & alarm system, TV system, a public address system,
Intercom system, as well as telephone systems; the electrical works are to include only the preparations
required for the installation of these systems.
In order to facilitate the installation of the aforementioned systems, communication cabinets are to be
installed in accordance with the principle instructions included in the drawings.
All preparatory outlets for the aforementioned systems must be marked with signs and other identifying
measures.
1. Preparatory Works for the Installation of Telephone Systems
a. These preparatory works include underground piping for the main telephone input connection for the
building, with a 8mm diameter Nylon drawstring.
b. All communications cabinets on the floors shall incorporate primary or secondary telephone tapping boxes
(CORONAS).
c. Each telephone point must consist of a 16mm diameter, heavy, bendable, self-extinguishing type pipe with a
2x2x0.5 telephone cable as made by “Cable Zion”, “Teldor“, or “Cvalim“ drawn inside the conduit. The
outlet accessory is to consist of a fixed telephone socket, such as manufactured by "Gewiss" 20 Eurosystem
range type.
d. All telephone piping works must be carried out in accordance with applicable standards and the requirements
of the PALTEL Co. after the work has been completed. The contractor must co-ordinate the necessary
supervision and obtain the approval from the regional office of the PALTEL Co.
2. Preparatory Works for the Installation of a Public-Address System
a. All communications cabinets shall incorporate tapping boxes for a public -address system.
b. Each public-address point must consist of a 16mm diameter, heavy, bendable, self-extinguishing type pipe
with a 2mm diameter Nylon drawstring, installed under the plastering and/or a duct leading from the publicaddress
section of the communications cabinet to the public-address point, All public-address points must
terminate with an under-plaster or over-plaster type junction box, as required.
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3. Preparatory Works for the Installation of a Fire-Detection & Alarm System
a
All communications cabinets shall incorporate tapping boxes for a fire detection & alarm system.
b. Each preparatory point for the fire detection & alarm system must consist of a 16 mm diameter, heavy,
bendable, self-extinguishing type pipe with a 2 mm diameter Nylon drawstring, installed under the plastering
and /or a duct leading from the fire detection system section of the communications cabinet to the terminal
point. All fire detection & alarm points must terminate with an under-plaster or over plaster type junction box,
as required.
4. Preparatory Works for The Installation of A TV Antenna System (M.A.T.V)
a. All communications cabinets shall incorporate tapping boxes for a TV antenna system.
b. Each TV antenna connection point must consist of a 23 mm diameter, heavy, bendable, self-extinguishing
type with RG6 TV cable, installed under the plastering and/or a duct leading from the TV antenna section of
the communications cabinet to the terminal point. All TV antenna points must terminate with an under-plaster
type junction box, for the installation of a TV antenna socket.
c. In addition, an outlet to the roof shall be facilitated, and all preparations for routing communication cables to
the TV antenna installed on the roof shall be carried out in accordance with the drawings.
5. Preparatory Works for the Installation of a Computer Communication Network System
a. All communications cabinets shall incorporate tapping boxes for a computer communication (Network)
system.
b. Each computer communication point must consist of a 16 mm diameter, heavy, bendable, self-extinguishing
type with suitable computer STP level 5 twisted pair cable, installed under the plastering and/or a duct leading
from the computer communication section of the communications cabinet to the terminal point. All computer
communication points must terminate with an under-plaster type junction box.
6. Preparatory Works for the Installation of an Intercom System
a. All communications cabinets shall incorporate tapping boxes for a Intercom System.
b. Each Intercom system point must consist of a 16 mm diameter, heavy, bendable, self-extinguishing type with
a 2 mm diameter Nylon drawstring, installed under the plastering and/or a duct leading from the intercom
section of the communications cabinet to the terminal point. All Intercom points must terminate with an
under-plaster type junction box.
7. Preparatory Works for the Installation of a Nurse Calling System
a. All communications cabinets shall incorporate tapping boxes for a Nurse Calling System.
b. Each Nurse Calling System point must consist of a 16 mm diameter, heavy, bendable, self-extinguishing type
with a 2 mm diameter Nylon drawstring, installed under the plastering and/or a duct leading from the
intercom section of the communications cabinet to the terminal point. All Nurse Calling Points must terminate
with an under-plaster type junction box.
1. General
Lighting Fixtures
a. Lighting fixtures in the building shall include fixtures for general-purpose lighting, emergency lighting, and
external (outdoor) lighting.
b. All lighting fixtures must conform to Local standard or to equivalent European standards.
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c. Installation of equipment items inside lighting fixtures shall be carried out so as to prevent any vibrations (by
means of vibration dampers) or humming. Also, all contacts and connections must be secured against
loosening due to vibrations.
d. All lighting fixtures must be easily accessible and removable for equipment replacement purposes, by a single
person, without the use of screwdrivers or any other tools.
e. All sockets for incandescent lamps/bulbs must be made of porcelain.
f. A junction and/or connections box must be installed for each lighting fixture. This also applies to lighting
fixtures recessed into walls or ceilings.
g. Lighting fixtures installed where there are trusses must be fitted on special cross beams fastened along each
room in the proper direction so as to fix the light fixtures on them, these cross beams shall be included in the
regular price for the light fixtures, and shall not merit any separate payment.
h. Co-ordination of installation of recessed lighting fixtures in concrete ceilings or steel structural elements:
The contractor shall be charged with the responsibility for the proper installation of all lighting fixtures
recessed into ceilings. The contractor shall be charged with the responsibility for the integrity of the ceiling,
as well as for the full co-ordination between the various sub-contractors. Also, separate reinforcing elements
must be installed for tall lighting fixtures attached to metal structural elements, in accordance with the detail
as approved by the supervisor. These reinforcing elements must be included in the lighting fixture installation
price.
i. Lighting fixtures to be supplied by the client:
Should this be required, the contractor shall install lighting fixtures supplied by the client. In this case, the
contractor shall be paid only for the installation of the lighting fixtures, which is to include all operations and
materials required for the installation and proper operation of the lighting fixtures in question. The contractor
shall be charged with the responsibility for the integrity and serviceability of these lighting fixtures from the
moment he has taken delivery of them. The contractor must sign a receipt for taking delivery of these lighting
fixtures, and shall arrange for proper storage, security and maintenance for the lighting fixtures until the
moment of installation. Any defaults/malfunctions detected in these lighting fixtures after and /or prior to
installation shall be regarded as the contractor's responsibility.
2. General Purpose Fluorescent Lighting Fixtures
a. All lighting fixtures be constructed so as to enable connection of leads after installation, with convenient
access to terminals and other equipment items by removal of front cover, without having to remove the
lighting fixtures itself.
b. All lighting fixtures must be supplied with all auxiliary equipment and tubes.
c. All lamp sockets must be of the spring-loaded type.
d. Ballast's for fluorescent lighting fixtures shall be with a five-year warranty and a capacitor to improve the
power factor. Also, for specialized lighting fixtures, ballasts may be installed in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations or specific requirements.
e. All starters for fluorescent lamps shall be of the electronic type.
f. Lighting fixtures with PL type miniature fluorescent lamps shall be round, rectangular or square, made of
plastic, with a polycarbonate base and prismatic or opal polycarbonate cover, as specified in the Bills of
Quantities.
Also, these lighting fixtures must include a built-in reflector and suitable ballast, such as manufactured by
"OSRAM" as well as terminals for lead connection.
g. Fluorescent Lamps /Tubes
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1) All fluorescent tubes shall have a diameter of 26mm,such as “LUMILUX Daylight No.11", as manufactured by
"OSRAM", with a wattage of 18, 36 or 58 Watts, and a luminous flux of 1300, 3250, and 5200 Lumens,
respectively, after 100 hours of operation, or such as "Polylux" , as manufactured by 'THORN".
2) Miniature PL-type fluorescent lamps shall be such as model "DULUX-S" as manufactured by 'OSRAM”, light
shade No. 21, with a wattage of 9 or 11 Watts, and a luminous flux of 600 or 900 Lumens, respectively, or
such as "PL" as manufactured by "PHILIPS", light shade No.`84.
h. Louvers for Fluorescent Lamps/Tubes (When Required)
All louvers must be non-yellowing, made with a special anti-yellowing agent. The contractor must guarantee
all louvers for a period of two years.
3. Emergency Lighting Fixtures
a. 220 Volts Emergency Lighting Fixtures
220 volts emergency lighting fixtures shall include a battery designed for 1.5 hours of operation, fluorescent,
20 or 8 Watts, as required. Emergency lamps should turn on automatically in any event of a power breakdown,
and turn off automatically as soon as power supply has been resumed. All lamps must feature an 'EXIT' sign,
as required by fire department regulations.
b. Dual Purpose 220 Volts Emergency Lighting Fixtures
These lighting fixtures shall be fluorescent, of the type specified in the Bill of Quantities, and shall feature an
automatic turn-on system for power breakdowns, as described above, also with a buttery designed for 1.5 hours
of operation.
4. Special Conditions for Supply of Light Fixtures
a. A catalogue of fixtures to be supplied should be submitted by the contractor for approval before ordering any
fixture pointing in the catalogue to the specific fixture offered.
b. The fixtures supplied should comply with the relevant catalogues and specifications mentioned in the Bill of
Quantities. The contractor will be totally responsible in case of discrepancy with these catalogues and
specifications.
c. In the selection of manufacturers and / or products preference shall be given to products specified in the bill of
quantities by manufacturer and code number.
d. Fixtures of similar construction, appearance, dimensions and maintenance features and equal in efficiency,
distribution, brightness and degree of protection (IP) shall be accepted as approved equivalents. Fixtures
failing in any of these respects will not be approved.
e. The contractor is totally responsible for the supply of the lighting fixtures with all its needed fixing
accessories whether to be fixed on ceiling on truss structural elements or on walls and these accessories are
considered to be included in his offer.
f. Each fixture must be equipped with the proper number of new lamps of the correct size, all in good operating
conditions and as manufactured by “ OSRAM “. The price of these lamps is included in the unit rate of the
lighting fixture.
g. Ballast’s for fluorescent lighting fixtures must be with a five-year warranty and a capacitor to improve the
power factor.
h. All starters for fluorescent lamps shall be of the electronic type.
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Intercom System
1. General Description
The work in question is to be executed in the hospital building, and is to include the supply and
installation of a complete Intercom system, with all parts and accessories therefore, in accordance with the
instructions of the specifications, the drawings and the Bills of Quantities.
2. General Directives for Execution
1. Installation of Accessories
a. All equipment items shall be installed in their proper locations in accordance with the drawings. Most
equipment items shall be installed under the plastering, and in accordance with the instructions included in
the drawings.
b. The contractor must obtain the supervisor and planner's approval for the precise location of each accessory
prior to execution. He should also obtain their approval for the reinforcing and installation methods he
intends to use.
2. Wiring
a. All wiring shall be carried out using multiple-wire cables, as specified in the wiring diagrams, the supply
schematics, and in accordance with the instructions issued by the equipment suppliers.
b. Cables shall be routed through the piping and communication ducts installed during the construction stage,
in accordance with the drawings.
3. Marking and Identification
a. Identification and instruction signs shall be installed next to all system accessories, in accordance with the
requirements of the specifications and drawings.
b. All signs shall be "sandwich" type.
c. The costs of all signs shall be included in the regular unit prices, and will merit no separate payment.
4. System Testing and Commissioning
The system shall be tested and operated for a trial run, and will only be delivered to the client after it has
been operated, tested and completed to the clients fullest satisfaction.
Upon delivery, the contractor must supply 3 sets of manuals, which are to cover the equipment items
installed and supplied (catalogues, etc.), as well as an "As-Made wiring diagram for the system.
5. Equipment and Accessories
a. All system parts, such as the Intercom units installed in the various offices and near entrance doors,
electrical locks, power-supply units, switching relays, etc., must be of the highest quality and must also
conform to applicable standards.
b. The equipment suppliers must be capable of supplying spare parts and repair services for a minimum
period of 10 years from the date of installation.
c. The types and specifications of all equipment items, including brochures and samples must be submitted
to the client and planner's approval prior to installation.
d. The Intercom system and accessories shall be as manufactured by AIPHONE OR EQUIVALENT
APPROVED.
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1. General
Measurement & Payment Methods For Electrical & Communications Installations
a. All items shall be regarded as inclusive of "Supply" and "Installation", with the exception of those items where
"Supply Only" or "Installation Only" is specified expressly. "Installation Only" should be read as inclusive of
the costs of transporting the accessory/system in question from the location where it had been supplied to the
contractor, storage for same, and full responsibility for its serviceability until the installation in question has
been delivered to the client.
b. All signing required for identifying the various accessories or for providing operating instructions, etc., shall be
included in the supply and installation costs of the part to which the signing in question refers.
c. Prices should also include the value of all accessories and auxiliary materials which had not been measured
separately, such as fittings, hangers, brackets, supports, terminals, cable shoes, clamps, all kinds of
reinforcing/attaching hardware, nails, screws, bolts, also prices should include covering of all electrical pipes
installed below tiles with concrete layer to protect them.
d. Prices for all works should also include the value of painting operations as specified, testing and repairs, trial
runs, etc.
e. Service and Spare Parts
1) The contractor must submit a warranty certificate for the quality of the products supplied, for a
minimum period of one year from the date in which the installation has been approved and accepted,
as well as written undertaking for supplying repair and maintenance services if so required, for a
minimum period of 5 years from the date in which the installation has been accepted.
2) The contractor must supply spare parts as required by the drawings or as instructed by the supervisor.
f. Electrical Connections
g. Connections of all cables and electrical accessories including switchboards, lighting fixtures, etc., shall be
included in the installation prices for these elements, and will merit no separate payment. Connection to motors
or electrical installations supplied by other contractors shall be measured separately, complete.
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h. Painting & Coating
The prices for painting and coating of the various equipment items and installations, as required by the General
Specifications, the special specifications or the drawings, including paint touch-ups and repairs, shall be
included in the supply and/or installation prices of these equipment items and installations.
i. Reference to Product Brand Names
Any references made to specific product brand names are merely intended to indicate the quality standards of
the required product, and must not be regarded as compulsory or binding. The contractor will be allowed to
suggest products which he considers to be on a par with those specified, however in any event, the planner and
supervisor's approval must be obtained.
The various items of the Bill of Quantities and/or specifications do not include the definition "or approved
equivalent" following the specific manufacturer or brand name specified. The paragraphs where manufacturer
or brand-names have been specified should be read as inclusive of the suffix "or approved equivalent"
following the brand-name or manufacturer's name specified.
When suggesting an equivalent product, the contractor must submit, in addition to an actual sample, relevant
catalogues and brochures, and any other certificates as required by the supervisor and planner.
j. Prices of all required junction boxes and pull boxes used to facilitate electrical connections are to be included
in the unit rates of the points with no additional cost, the contractor should note that he must arrange all
electrical installation in a proper way so as to use the minimum number of such junction boxes and pull boxes.
2. Electrical Switchboards
a. Switchboard prices must include switches circuit breakers and all switchboard structural elements, bus-bars,
terminal strips, "press-on" type aluminum - copper conductor terminals, tapping insulators, bus - bar system
insulators, complete signing for the switchboard, installation, connection of all cables and leads to the
switchboard, as well as piping covers at switchboard entrance. All prices of switchboard accessories must
include installation and connection of said accessories in the switchboard.
b. Socket Panels
Prices of socket panels must include all details as specified in the specifications and drawings, with all
accessories thereof. Socket panels may be measured as units or complete.
3. Installations
a. Profiles
Profile prices must include all details as specified in the specifications. The Bill of Quantities specifies the
profile length. Profiles shall be measured in units. Profiles and various reinforcing/attaching hardware items,
which are included in the specifications and unit prices for other items or completes shall not be measured
separately.
b. Connection of Electrical and/or Telephone Piping to the Building
1) Piping prices must include all details as specified in the specifications, as well as installation.
Pipes shall be measured in meters (length) long their axis - No. Separate or additional payment may be allowed
for bends of any type.
2) Prices include excavations for piping and consist of:
a. Excavation to the depth and width as specified in the drawings.
b. 10 cm thick sand bedding around the pipes.
c. Refilling and placement of marker tape (danger).
3) Connections of pipes to underground manholes must be included in the piping prices.
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4) Connections of pipes to buildings must be included in the piping prices.
c. Pipes
All pipes for the electrical and communication installation and all parts thereof must be of the heavy,
bendable, self - extinguishing type. Pipes of the same type shall be measured as part of the same item, without
differentiating between pipes attached to structural elements and those installed inside cast concrete elements.
Pipe prices must include the supply, installation and Nylon drawstrings in "reserved" or pre-assigned pipes.
The above shall only apply if the pipes are not expressly included in the prices of specific points or completes.
d. Cables and Leads
Prices of cables and leads must include all details as specified in the specifications, as well as all connectors,
reinforcing attaching hardware, terminals, cable shoes, clamps, etc., required for their installation. All cables
shall be measured in meters (length). The above shall only apply if the cables are not expressly included in the
prices of specific points or completes.
e. Passage Sleeves in Concrete Walls
Sleeve prices must include all details as specified in the specifications. Measurement shall be complete for
each sleeve/pipe, or in meters (length).
f. Underground Manholes
Prices for underground manholes must include all operations and materials required in order to install each
manhole, including B-300 type reinforced concrete (in accordance with the General Specifications for On-Site
Cast concrete Works), frames and covers, excavation, bottom bedding, drainage pits and sealing of piping
connections.
g. Digging and/or Excavation Operations
Digging and/or excavation operations for underground cables or piping shall be included in the prices of the
pipes and cables which are to be installed in these excavations, the depth and width specified, including sand
bedding, covering with bricks, refilling, marker tapes, compacting, removal of excess earth and restoration of
area to its previous condition.
i. Testing of Installation
i. Ducts
j. Points
Work prices must include all details as specified in the "Installation Testing, Trial Run and
Acceptance" section of the General Specifications. Testing and approval by the Electrical Co. and
all other tests must be included in the relevant unit prices, with no additional cost.
Ducts shall be measured in meters (length). Duct prices must include the covers and all profiles, supports and
reinforcements required in order to install these ducts in any way required.
1) Wall, Ceiling or False Ceiling Mounted Lighting Point Normal or Water Proof or Halogen Spot Light
Each outlet for the installation of a lighting fixture on the ceiling or wall or truss shall be measured as one
point. Price is to include a 16 mm or 23 mm diameter pipe and leads with a cross-section of 1.5 sq.mm, or
3x1.5 NYY type cable, installed under the plastering, leading from the applicable electrical board to the point,
regardless of the distance between the board and the point, an outlet for the lighting fixture in the form of an
under-plaster junction box, as well as a plastic light switch of any type, either single, double, two-way,
22

changeover, water-tight, a push - button to activate a step relay, or switch panels. Accessories shall be as
manufactured by "Gewiss" 20 Eurosystem range type. All auxiliary accessories, including common passage
boxes, must be included in the point price. For halogen spot lights same as above is said except that prices shall
include wires of different sizes up to a cross section of 10sq.mm so as to be enough for the 12V supplied to
such points depending on the number of these halogen lamps fed from the same line.
2) Lighting Point in Boiler, Laundry Rooms and Kitchen
Each outlet for the installation of a lighting fixture in the boiler room, laundry room and the kitchen shall be
measured as one point. Price is to include a 16 mm or 23 mm diameter pipe and leads with a cross-section of
1.5 sq.mm, or 3x1.5 NYY type cable, installed inside a designated profile for the installation of fluorescent
lighting fixture (Measured separately), leading from the applicable electrical board to the point, regardless of
the distance between the board and the point, mounted over the plastering, down to armored, water-tight light
switches, including co-ordination of the final location of the lighting fixture outlets in accordance with the
actual placement of the equipment and machinery in the room (i.e. air-conditioning system, sanitary
installations, generator, etc…).
3) Outdoor Lighting Point
Each outlet for the installation of an outdoor light point or on one of the external walls of the building as
indicated in the drawings shall be measured as one point. Price is to include a 23mm diameter pipe or sections
of PVC (MERIRON) or galvanized pipes where the cables cannot be routed through the normal piping, plus
armored, water tight passage boxes and 3x2.5 NYY, or 5x2.5 NYY cables. Prices must include connection to
switch panel and to the switchboard regardless of the distance between the switch panel, switchboard and the
point. Switches are also included in the unit price as manufactured by “ Gewiss “ 20 Eurosystem range.
4) External Lighting Point For Lighting Poles:
Each outlet for the installation of a light pole into the external pavement or into the external basket court as
indicated in the drawings shall be measured as one point. Price is to include a 23mm or 29mm, 2-inch or 3-inch
flexible spiral pipe and 3x4 NYY, 5x4NYY, 5x6 NYY or 5x10 NYY cables to be buried in the ground. Prices
include excavation, lying, and backfilling in the way described into the specifications. Connection to
switchboard and connections between switchboard and switch panel concerning external lighting regardless of
the distance, switches as manufactured by “Gewiss” 20 Eurosystem range are all included in the point price.
5) Lighting Point for Operating Lamp in Operating Theater
Each outlet for an operational lamp is to include a 23 mm diameter pipe and 3x6 sq. mm leads, or 3x6 NYY
cable, leading from the applicable electrical board to the point, a 25A 2 pole switch installed under the
plastering inside the operating theater. Each outlet for an operating lamp in the ceiling must include all
installation accessories and attaching hardware in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, as well as
any other auxiliary accessories and materials required in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
6) 220 Volts Emergency Lighting Point & Orientation Sign
Price is to include the same as listed above for the standard wall or ceiling-mounted lighting points, plus an
additional 1.5sq. mm
7) Standard Wall-Mounted Socket Outlet Point, Normal or Water Proof, or UPS Connected
Each outlet for a 16A 3-contact wall-mounted socket accessory shall be measured as one point. Price is to
include 16 mm diameter pipe and 3 x 2.5 sq. mm leads installed under the plastering, or a 3 x 2.5 NYY cable
routed, in part, through cable duct (measured separately) and in part through 16mm or 23 mm diameter
protective piping installed under the plastering, leading form the point to the applicable electrical board,
regardless of the distance between the point and switchboard, and including a 16A 3-contact plastic socket
outlet accessory such as manufactured by "Gewiss" 20 Eurosystem range type, standard or water-tight or
23

special for UPS sockets, installed under the plastering at any height as required, and attached to the wall by
means of screws, all connected, ready for use.
8) Wall Mounted Socket Outlet Point for Electric Shaver
Same as listed above for the standard wall-mounted socket outlet point, but with a specially designed electric
shaver socket and an isolation transformer.
9) Three Phase Socket Outlet Point
Each outlet for connection of a three-phase 16A wall mounted socket shall be measured as one point. Price is
to include a 5x2.5 NYY cable inside 23mm diameter conduit leading from the point to the applicable electrical
switchboard, regardless of the distance between the point and switchboard. Price also includes a socket panel
such as NISKO NI516 including a miniature automatic circuit breaker and on-off switch, or such as “Gewiss”
Eurodin 66/67 IB range with three phase 16A industrial socket and on-off rotary switch.
10) Supply Point for Automatic Door
Point price is to include a 23mm diameter pipe and 3x2.5mm leads installed under the plastering, leading from
the applicable electrical switchboard to an under-plaster junction box above the door, and 23mm diameter
passage piping as well as the junction boxes required, all as indicated in the drawings.
11) Supply Point for External Fan, 1 Phase
Each outlet for connecting a single-phase exhaust fan shall be measured as one point. Price includes a 3x2.5
NYY cable leading from the switchboard up to the roof inside a 23mm diameter pipe then through the cable
duct on the roof then using a metal flexible pipe leading from the cable duct on the roof till the applicable point
of exhaust fan regardless of the distance. Point also includes a double pole switch with an indication lamp
including main line and switch connection to associated switchboard. Point is to terminate with armored,
watertight 16A 2-pole circuit breaker, installed near the fan. All the above-mentioned parts are included into
the unit price except the cable duct on roof, which is to be measured separately.
12) Supply Point For Exhaust Fan, 3 Phase
Ditto as item 11 above but, but 5x2.5 NYY cable instead of 3x2.5 and a single pole switch to activate
contractor with indication lamp instead of the double pole switch with indication lamp.
13) Single Phase Floor Power Supply Point for Machines
Each main line coming from the switchboard until a floor outlet in the building shall be measured as one point
including the outlet. Price includes a 3x2.5 NYY cable passing through 23mm diameter conduit from the
switchboard till the machine, which is to be connected, or till the working table which is to be supplied with
power from the floor.
14) Three Phase Floor Power Supply Point For Machines
Ditto, as single phase above but 5 x 2.5 NYY cable instead of 3 x 2.5.
15) Fan Coil Socket Outlet Point
Same as listed above in item 7 for the standard wall-mounted socket outlet point, but ceiling mounted and a
16A 3-contact surface mounted socket outlet accessory such as manufactured by NISKO.
16) Socket Outlet Point in Communication Cabinet
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Point price is to include 16 mm diameter heavy, bendable type piping installed under the plastering, with 3 x
2.5 sq.mm leads, or 3 x 2.5 NYY cable, leading from the switchboard to the point. Point is to terminate with a
water -tight socket installed in the communications cabinet.
17) Emergency Shut-off Push -Button Point (In Boiler Rooms)
Point price is to include 16 mm diameter heavy, bendable type piping installed under the plastering, with 3 x
2.5 sq.mm leads, or 3 x 2.5 NYY cable, leading from the switchboard to the push-button such as model XAS -
E25 by “ Telemechanique “, red colored.
18) Telephone Connection Point
Each outlet for telephone connection shall be measured as one point. Price is to include a 23 mm diameter pipe
with a 2 x 2 x 0.5 telephone cable installed under the plastering, leading to the telephone distribution frame in
the communication cabinet or to the main communications duct, as well as an outlet with a plastic socket
Gewiss 20 Eurosystem range type.
19) Preparatory Point for Computer Terminal Connection
Each outlet for computer terminal connection shall be measured as one point. Price is to include a 16 mm
diameter pipe with a 2 mm diameter Nylon drawstring, installed under the plastering, leading to the computer
section in the communications cabinet, or to the main computer hub. Point is to terminate with a junction box
installed under the plastering with “ Gewiss “ Eurosystem 22-24 range plates and supports.
20) Preparatory Point for Public Address System Connection
Each loudspeaker outlet of the public - address system shall be measured as one point. Price is to include a 16
mm diameter pipe with Nylon drawstring, leading to the Public-Address section in the communications
cabinet, as well as the preparation of an under-plaster junction box at the outlet, including terminal boxes as
required.
21) Preparatory Point For Fire Detection & Fire Alarm System Connection
Each outlet for fire/smoke detector, detector indicator lamp, outlet for emergency push-button or alarm horn,
shall be measured as one point. Price is to include 16 mm diameter heavy, bendable type piping under the
plastering with drawstrings, leading from the fire detection section in the communications cabinet to the point,
as well as the preparation of an under-plaster junction box at the outlet, including terminal boxes as required.
22) T.V Antenna Connection Point
Each outlet for TV antenna connection shall be measured as one point. Point price is to include a 23 mm
diameter pipe with a 75-ohm coaxial cable drawn in the pipe under the plastering leading from the TV section
of the communications cabinet to the point. Point is to terminate with an under-plaster junction box, which is to
accept a TV antenna socket.
T.V antenna socket shall be Gewiss 20 Eurosystem range type.
4. Grounding and Protective Devices
a. The price of the foundation earthing welding for the building is to include all the details as specified in the
specifications and drawings, and shall be measured complete, for the entire building.
b. Connection of a potential-equalizing bus -bar to the outlets from the foundation grounding is to be included in
the price for the bus bar.
c. Installation Grounding System
The price of the grounding system is to include all the materials and operations necessary to ensure proper
grounding, such as: leads with the cross-section specified, protective piping, terminals, clamps, excavation (in
the event that connection to underground water piping is carried out outside the building), etc. Grounding
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conductor length- as required. The grounding system shall be measured complete, regardless of the actual
length of the piping and leads.
d. Grounding of Electrical Switchboards or Grounding Bus-bars to Water Piping or Other Metal Elements
The price of the grounding system is to include all the materials and operations, necessary to ensure proper
grounding such as: leads with the cross -section specified, protective piping, terminals, clamps, etc. Grounding
length- as required, including connection & signing, all to be measured complete, regardless of actual length of
the piping and leads.
5. Lighting Fixtures
Prices for lighting fixtures shall include all details as specified in the specifications, with all parts and
accessories thereof, including lamps, tubes and all auxiliary operations and materials required for the operation
and perfect installation of the lighting fixtures to ceilings, walls or metal structural elements, including any
required cross beams or hangers used to fix or support light fixtures into areas where there are trusses as the
workshops areas, or for their incorporation in acoustic ceilings, as well as hangers to attach the lighting fixtures
to the ceilings. Lighting fixtures shall be measured separately in units. If otherwise specified, the supply and
installation of the lighting fixtures shall be measured and priced separately.
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