Biodiversity in Australia's National Reserve System - Part ... - BushBlitz

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Final Discussion The results obtained for vertebrates provide somewhat mixed results in regards to their reservation status. Many species in each vertebrate group remain with relatively few (
The findings of the studies of species being found in large or small numbers of reserves provide simple results. Species present in larger numbers of reserves in the NRS are those that are mobile and/or have large ranges. Hence, they are present in or able to easily move through large areas of land and be present in many reserves. Birds and bats are very good examples, having larger numbers of species in many reserves because they move over large areas. On the other hand, the invertebrates provide the major numbers or species present in very few reserves. Many species have very small ranges and the non-flying terrestrial species are relatively immobile. Hence, they are not likely to cover large areas and so can not be present within larger numbers of reserves. Many land snails have very small distributional ranges, having evolved in specific rocky ranges and so will never be represented in many reserves. However, they can be highly reserved if their limited area of habitat is protected. One of the encouraging results of this study was that nearly all species of all 11 studied groups are found in more than one protected area and that, where a species is found in only a very few protected areas, these are generally areas greater than 1000 ha in size. Larger areas are less prone to edge effects and will usually contain a greater diversity of sites and larger populations, making these populations more robust to stochastic events and have larger genetic pools for evolutionary development. One thousand hectares was chosen as the cutoff size for a larger reserve based on its use for the same purpose by Rodrigues et al 2004. They used this as a minimum effective size for a reserve for a number of taxa. It is not specifically clear that 1000 ha is a suitable size to maintain any specific population over the long-term, but such an area seems likely to provide a significant area of habitat for smaller, relatively immobile species, allowing them to maintain relatively large numbers of individuals. Smaller areas have been found to maintain populations within fragmented landscapes with Drinnan (2005) finding 3.5 ha to be a useful reserve size threshold and, more importantly, patches greater than 50 ha were able to maintain forest interior species and species that were sensitive to human disturbances. Tocher et al (1997) also found no obvious loss of frogs in fragments much smaller than 1000 ha. This suggests that 1000 ha is likely to provide a substantial area of habitat in which to conserve populations of any of the terrestrial invertebrates and the smaller terrestrial vertebrates. They are not necessarily sufficiently large for species that fly or the more mobile vertebrates. Furthermore, we point out that fragmentation of the remaining native vegetation through land clearing remains a serious threat as it will isolate even larger areas of retained land and can render 1000 ha or larger reserves of little value for all but the smallest species over the very long term. 191
Page 1 and 2:
Focusing on the Landscape Biodivers
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Table 20 Mammal species recorded in
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Executive Summary We compared the l
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Table 1 Summary of vertebrate taxa
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afforded to species for which we ha
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We determined three categories of i
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Table 7 Codes for more detailed loc
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Uperoleia arenicola 12 CN, WL NL Li
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species is 32.0%. The mean number o
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Mammals The ANHAT database has 4138
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Cercartetus caudatus 13 61.5 NE RF
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Phascogale tapoatafa pirata 35 25 (
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Trichosurus vulpecula 18899 830 538
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Reptiles The ANHAT database has 328
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Cryptophis incredibilis 2 0.0 Princ
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Egernia obiri 12 66.7 NC RH 900 NL
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Ramphotyphlops silvia 29 79.3 EC RF
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Cryptoblepharus litoralis 127 71 55
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Table 25 Reptile species with
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Acritoscincus duperreyi 1327 138 75
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Christinus alexanderi 39 3 NL Leris
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Varanus semiremex 36 2 NL Gehyra mi
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Non-passerine (marine birds removed
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Podargus ocellatus 696 456 (65.5%)
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Lathamus discolour 5187 195 125 EN
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Phalacrocorax sulcirostris 37557 70
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Passerines Passerines, or the song
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Zosterops citrinellus 66 35 53.0 NE
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Mirafra javanica 7123 174 139 NL Dr
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Strepera versicolor 26003 791 472 N
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Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonat
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Telephlebia undia 2 100.0 IE Wet 20
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these, 38 species had 45% or greate
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The dragonfly or damselfly group is
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Hemigomphus comitatus 20 4 4 NL Epi
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Hesperilla donnysa 621 1.17 Eurema
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Acrodipsas hirtipes 9 0.0 NE WL 400
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Nesoxenica leprea 159 Oreixenica or
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Three butterfly species had records
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Arhopala madytus 43 3 3 NL Phalanta
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Land snails (Pulmonata) The ANHAT d
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Pupisoma orcula 145 0.34 Pupoides a
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*Bothriembryon location 6b 1 0.0 SW
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Charopidae nn 20 1 0.0 CEI 200 NL C
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Luinodiscus sublesta 1 0.0 SE WL 20
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*Bothriembryon location 19 2 50.0 S
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Charopidae wt 53 2 100.0 NE 200 NL
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Sinumelon hullanum 2 0.0 NCI RH 200
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umbillicata Gyrocochlea convoluta 3
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Charopidae cy 4 4 0.0 NE 300 NL Cha
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Westraltrachia ascita 4 0.0 NW RH 2
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Semotrachia runutjirbana 5 100.0 CI
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Camaenidae st 3 7 85.7 SE 200 NL Ch
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Rotacharopa annabelli 8 25.0 NE For
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Succinea sq 1 10 0.0 EC? 1000 NL To
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Malandena suturalis 63 34 53.97 NE
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Westraltrachia froggatti froggatti
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Camaenidae eu 2 12 0 0.00 NE 500 NL
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Turgenitubulus christenseni 30 0 0.
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Westraltrachia tropida 13 1 7.69 NW
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Mussonena campbelli 17 1 1 NL Rhyti
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Austrochloritis bellengerensis 11 2
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Elasmias terrestris 14 3 3 NL Helic
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Rotacharopa kessneri 25 4 4 NL Vent
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Trap-door Spiders (Mygalomorphae) T
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lackdownensis Aname camara 1 0.00 N
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Eucyrtops torbayensis 1 0.00 SW WL
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Namirea johnlyonsi 1 100.00 For 100
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*Aname location 112 2 0.00 WC 100 N
Page 139 and 140: *Aname location 108 3 0.00 W 400 NL
Page 141 and 142: Mandjelia banksi 4 25.00 NE 400 NL
Page 143 and 144: Aganippe occidentalis 7 14.29 WC Fo
Page 145 and 146: Ixamatus barina 52 35 (67.3%) NE Fo
Page 147 and 148: Aganippe rhaphiduca sp grp 15 1 1 N
Page 149 and 150: Huntsman Spiders (Sparassidae) The
Page 151 and 152: Neosparassus n27 2 0.00 200 NL Neos
Page 153 and 154: The overall lack of records resulte
Page 155 and 156: Trigonothops flavofasciata 37 0.39
Page 157 and 158: Notonomus cbcr3 6 1 100.0 100 NL No
Page 159 and 160: Carenum lepidum 1 0.0 100 NL Carenu
Page 161 and 162: Laccopterum quadriseriatum 1 0.0 10
Page 163 and 164: Rhytisternus ambs1 1 1 0.0 100 NL R
Page 165 and 166: Parophonus opacus 2 50.0 100 NL Pau
Page 167 and 168: Moriodema mcoyei 2 0.0 200 NL Morio
Page 169 and 170: Philipis picta 3 100.0 QLD For 200
Page 171 and 172: Trechodes bipartitus 3 0.0 ACT, NSW
Page 173 and 174: Lacordairia nq1 5 100.0 500 NL Meon
Page 175 and 176: Promecoderus lucidicollis 6 0.0 600
Page 177 and 178: Dicraspeda nitida 9 66.7 QLD RF 900
Page 179 and 180: Pamborus macleayi 68 35 51.5 E For
Page 181 and 182: Cenogmus interioris 13 0 0.0 1300 N
Page 183 and 184: Catadromus australis 12 1 1 NL Phil
Page 185 and 186: Trichosternus nsw1 12 4 4 NL Promec
Page 187 and 188: SA, TAS, VIC Clypeodytes darlington
Page 189: Copelatus divisus 22 15 68.2 QLD NL
Page 193 and 194: • Queensland Herbarium (BRI) •
Page 195 and 196: Menkhorst P and Knight F (2001) A F
Page 197: Appendix 2 Invertebrate summary Tax
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