Part 1 - English version (PDF) - Convention on Biological Diversity

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India’s Fourth National Report to the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity Box 1.3 : Characterisation of new species under the AICOPTAX The MoEF is implementing an All India Co-ordinated Project on Taxonomy. The project has organized specialist groups drawn from universities, BSI and ZSI to take up taxonomic work on animal viruses, bacteria and archaea, algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteriodophytes, gymnosperms, palms, grasses, bamboos, orchids, helminthes and nematodes, microlepidoptera and mollusca. Training in plant and animal biosystematics has also been recognized as an important component. The significant achievements of the AICOPTAX since its inception are as under: 1. Augmentation of national reference collection of species 53,715 2. Total identification and taxonomical characterization of species 12,789 3. Documentation of flora (with descriptions) 6,759 4. Human resource development/training in biosystematics (Capacity Building) No. of persons trained in taxonomy 450 5. No. of taxa new to science 493 No. of taxa new to India 449 No. of taxa new to different regions in India Many 6. Number of species, collected after a gap of over 50 years and above 189 1.3.1 Domesticated biodiversity 1.3.1.1 Crop genetic diversity Agriculture remains one of the dominant drivers and mainstay of economic growth in India. The large mosaic of distinct agro-ecosystems, characterized by variations in edaphic, climatic and geographic features, has contributed to diverse cropping patterns and systems across the country. India is one of the eight Vavilov’s centers of origin of cultivated plants in the world. Details of the wild varieties of important crop plants in India are given in the Table 1.10. Table 1.10: Wild relatives of crop plants in India Crop Number of wild relatives Cereals and Millets 46 Pulses 81 Fruits 91 Spices and Condiments 28 Vegetables 76 Fibre crops 15 Oilseeds 14 Miscellaneous plants 28 Total 379 India stands seventh in the world in terms of contribution of species to agriculture and animal husbandry. In qualitative terms too, the contribution has been significant. The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning distinguished 20 broad agro ecological zones, based on natural features and crop growing periods. The region-wise crop diversity in India is depicted in Table 1.11. India has over 800 crop species and 320 wild relatives: millets (51); legumes (31); fruits (109); spices and condiments (27); vegetables (54); fiber crops (24); oil seeds, tea, coffee, tobacco and sugarcane (12); and, medicinal plants (3,000). Source: NBAP, 2008 26
Overview of Biodiversity: Status, Trends and Threats Table 1.11: Agro-ecological regions harbouring rich crop diversity in India Agro-ecological regions Western Himalaya Eastern Himalaya North-Eastern Region Gangetic Plains Indus Plains Eastern Peninsular Region/E.Ghats/ Deccan Western Peninsular Region/Western Ghats/Malabar The Islands Regions Crops Barley, wheat, maize, buckwheat, amaranth, prosomillet, finger millet French bean, soyabean, lentil, black gram, peas Pumpkin, cucumber, Alliums pp., ginger, Brassicae Pome, stone, soft and nut fruits Barley, maize, buckwheat, amaranth, finger millet, foxtail millet French bean, soyabean, cowpea, black gram, peas, scarlet bean Pumpkin, cucumber, Alliums pp. ginger, chayote, tree tomato, Brassicae Pome and stone fruits Rice, maize, sorghum, finger millet, foxtail millet, job’s tears French bean, soyabean, pigeonpea (perennial), black gram, rice bean, Dolichos bean, winged bean Pumpkin, chayote, cucumber, okra, eggplant, chilli/capsicum spp., Pointed gourd, ash gourd Taros,yams Citrus-Lime/lemon/orange/grape fruit, banana Tea, tree cotton, jute, kenaf and mesta, large cardamom, ginger, long pepper, sugarcan Rice, sorghum, barnyard millet, little millet/Panicum Chickpea, cowpea, mung bean Okra, eggplant, bitterground, cucumis spp., Luffa spp. Jackfruit, mango, lemon/lime, orange, jujube, Indian gooseberry/Emblica, jumun/Syzygium, melons Linseed, niger, sesame, Brassicae Sugarcane, mulberry Durum wheat, pearl millet Moth bean, cluster bean, chickpea, black gram Okra, Cucumis spp. Jujube, Khirni/Mimusops, Phalsa/Grewia Sesame, Taramira/Eruca,Cotton Rice, sorghum, finger millet, pearl millet, foxtail millet, little millet, prosomillet, kodo millet Black gram, green gram, cowpea, horse gram, Mucuna, pigeonpea,Dolichos bean, rice bean Taros, yams, elephant-food yam Banana, mango, lemon/lime, jackfruit Niger, Brassicae, sesame Ginger, turmeric, chilli, kenaf, sugarcane, coconut, cotton Rice, sorghum, finger millet, small millet/Panicum Black gram, green gram, cowpea, pigeonpea, Dolichos bean, horse gram, sword bean Okra, eggplant, cucumber, chilli/Capsicum Taros, yams, elephant-foot yam Jackfruit, banana, lime/lemon, orange, jumun/Syzygium Sugarcane, black pepper, turmeric, ginger, coconut, arecanut, cotton Coconut, breadfruit, chilli, taros, yams, Xanthosoma Source: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web_<strong>version</strong>/174/ch06.htm 27
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