Part 1 - English version (PDF) - Convention on Biological Diversity

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India’s Fourth National Report to the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity Considering the importance of disaster management as a national priority, a National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been set up under the Disaster Management Act, 2005, to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to disaster management in India. Policies and programmes are in place for management of chemical emergencies, hazardous waste management and solid waste management to promote safe handling. For example, handling of 70 cancer causing azo dyes and the processes incidental thereto in the course of which these substances are found or carried on throughout the country, have been prohibited vide notification dated March 26, 1997. Besides, India is a <strong>Part</strong>y to Rotterdam <strong>Convention</strong> on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Hazardous Chemicals, Stockholm <strong>Convention</strong> on Persistent Organic Pollutants, and the Basel <strong>Convention</strong> on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal. Challenges and constraints There is a need to strengthen EIA initiatives to monitor response of agro-biodiversity to land use changes. Further augmenting the mechanisms to consider ‘conservation offsets’ in EIAs. To delineate eco-sensitive zones around PAs. To integrate the livelihood aspirations of local communities in and around PAs and forests. Develop strong research base on impact assessment and conduct rigorous impact assessment of development projects, with a focus on biodiversity and habitats. Integrate biodiversity concerns across development sectors (such as industry, infrastructure, power, mining, etc.) and promote use of clean technologies. Develop and integrate pre-project plans for reallocation and rehabilitation of local people likely to be displaced by development projects keeping in view their socio – cultural and livelihood needs. 2.3.6 Impact of pollution (Article 14) Biodiversity in India is facing threat from various sources of pollution especially at a time when new industrial processes are generating a variety of toxic wastes and also increased mushrooming of urban sprawls. Generation of wastes from anthropogenic activities involving production and consumption adds to the pressures on ecosystems. The impact of air and water pollution is maximum on vulnerable sections of society particularly the poor, women and children, who contribute the least to its generation. Accordingly, the costs and benefits of abatement may have important implications for intra-generational and inter-generation equity. Similarly, the immediate and deeper causes of soil pollution as well as management of industrial and municipal wastes are serious challenges in terms of magnitude and required resources. The present legislative framework is broadly contained in the EPA, 1986; the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; the Water Cess Act, 1977; and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. 66
The Current Status of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Challenges and constraints Integration of cross cutting issues for improvement in decision making on pollution abatement measures Minimize and eliminate activities leading to loss of biodiversity due to point and non point sources of pollution and promote development of clean technologies. Strengthen the monitoring and enforcement of emission standards for both point and non point sources. Develop location specific work plans focusing on biodiversity conservation while managing pollution problems. Treat and manage industrial effluents so as to minimize adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biological resources. Promote organic farming of locally adapted and traditional crop varieties through appropriate incentives, and direct access to markets duly supported by credible certification systems. Promote R&D on impacts of air, water and soil pollution on biodiversity and use of biological methods for pollution amelioration. 2.3.7 Developing and integrating biodiversity databases (Article 7) Although 70% of the India’s land area has been surveyed, the estimates indicate a wide gap in the information with regard to the number of species recorded and described in India. In order to ensure a unified format for collection, retrieval and dissemination of data on biodiversity, the Central Government while framing Biological Diversity Rules, 2004 under BDA, mandated the NBA to build up database and to create documentation system for biological resources and biological diversity registers and electronic databases to ensure effective management, promotion and sustainable use [Rule 12 (xiii)]. There is a need for integrating data from all available sources into a national network with distributive linkages for facilitating data dissemination and interface with managers and users. There is also a need to accelerate and intensify the survey and inventorization of unexplored areas through a coordinated network of institutions including CSIR, with focus on endangered, endemic and insufficiently known species. Challenges and constraints The baseline data on species and genetic diversity, and their macro and micro-habitats, is inadequate. The sub terrainian /underground biodiversity, particularly soil microbes, are poorly understood. The information on the subject is scattered and not yet integrated into a national database. Infrastructure, skilled manpower and coordination among experts in different fields are inadequate. 67
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Part 1 - English version (PDF) - Convention on Biological Diversity

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