Part 1 - English version (PDF) - Convention on Biological Diversity

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India’s Fourth National Report to the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity 2.3.8 Strengthening implementation of policy, legislative and administrative measures for biodiversity conservation and management (Articles 8 (k), 14, 15) Environment and forests being in the Concurrent List of the Constitution of India, both Central and State Governments legislate and formulate policies and programmes. Salient features on national policies relevant to biodiversity conservation are given (in the begining of this Chapter and Chapter III). As our development challenges evolved and understanding of the centrality of environmental concerns in development sharpened, the overarching NEP was developed in 2006. The NEP builds on the earlier policies and further strengthens them. Major central legislations (mentioned earlier) are supported by a number of State laws and statutes as provided under the Constitution. The Inter-State Council has been set up under Article 263 of the Constitution for co-ordination of inter-state matters. The BDA enacted in 2002 in pursuance to the CBD is a comprehensive legislation, the primary aim of which is to conserve biodiversity through inter alia regulating access to biological resources and associated traditional knowledge, and to ensure equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their use, as envisaged under the CBD. The Indian Patent Act provides for mandatory disclosure in patent application of the source and geographical origin of the biological material and associated traditional knowledge used in the invention. The Patent Act also provides for pre and post grant opposition of applications and revocation of granted patents on grounds of non-disclosure or wrongful disclosure of source or geographical origin of biological resources and traditional knowledge. Issues relating to benefit sharing and protection of traditional knowledge are rather complex and still evolving. Being a mega diverse country rich in associated traditional knowledge, effective implementation of the Biological Diversity Act and Rules is in the interest of the country and its people, and therefore needs to be accelerated. Experience gained in implementation of the national legislation on ABS would be of much value in strengthening and effectively articulating the developing country perspective for the international regime on ABS presently being negotiated under the CBD. Challenges and constraints Accelerate effective actions at the central, state and local levels to implement provisions under the BDA. Review enabling policies to prevent transfer of prime agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes, and promote sustainability of agricultural lands. Strengthen systems for documentation, application and protection of biodiversity-associated traditional knowledge, providing adequate protection to these knowledge systems while encouraging benefits to communities. Revive and revitalize sustainable traditional practices and other folk uses of components of biodiversity and associated benefits to local communities with a view to promoting and strengthening traditional knowledge and practices. Create public education and awareness about the need to conserve, protect and gainfully use traditional knowledge systems. 68
The Current Status of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Identify emerging areas of new legislation, based on better scientific understanding, economic and social development, and development of multi-lateral environment regimes, in line with the NEP. Review the regulatory processes for LMOs so that all relevant scientific knowledge is taken into account, and ecological, health and economic concerns are adequately addressed. Sustainable models of traditional rights and knowledge systems. Linkages between research and policy in marine and coastal environments. Very few national strategies for many lower and neglected taxa. Insufficient attention paid to urban ecosystems and biodiversity. Limited policy approach to maintenance of ecosystem services and goods. 2.3.9 Developing national capacities for biodiversity conservation and appropriate use of new technologies (Article 12, 13) Over the years, India has developed a robust institutional structure for promoting human resource development and capacity building through inter–ministerial arrangements to enrich the understanding of concepts, themes and complex inter-linkages on biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of bioresouces. These initiatives are further augmented through electronic and print media for awareness generation among the masses. A number of Ministries/Departments, agencies, and organizations are supporting research relating to biodiversity (Chapter III). Coordination among these organizations needs to be enhanced. There is also a need to effectively integrate findings of research projects into policy-making. Some initiatives in capacity building in the field of livelihood diversification opportunities for local communities to meet their economic needs compatible with ecological sustainability have been taken up by NGOs. An illustrative example (Box 2.3) indicates the potential of involving a large number of stakeholders, especially women, for enhancing technology-based- livelihood opportunities to reduce their dependency on bio-resources. Box 2.3: <strong>Part</strong>icipatory technical innovation and research for enhancing livelihood opportunities (Himalayan Environmental Studies and Conservation Organization, Uttarakhand) Pioneered up-gradation and renovation of watermills commonly known as ‘Gharats’ for power generation and improving their efficiency. As pulses of mountains are in high demand, developed pulse villages and conducted trials of improved varieties of seeds and good agricultural practices. Over 120 village women (25 from each village) were imparted training on cultivation practices, grading and packaging and making value added products. Activities on improved fodder cultivation (12 locations) to meet the fodder demand in rural areas involving women. Development of nursery technology with bio-fertilizer packages using VAM fungi and plant growth promoting Rhizo-microorganisms (PGPRs) with multi-locational trials for regeneration of degraded forests and waste lands. 69
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Part 1 - English version (PDF) - Convention on Biological Diversity

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