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Abstracts 601
FP-N-015
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in
serotonin and dopamine receptor genes in autism
Y.-H. Ma a , E. Nanba b , K. Takeshita b
a Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University,
China; b Division of Child Neurology, Institute of
Neurological Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University,
Yonago, Japan
Family and adoption studies indicate that genetic factors
play a role in the development of many psychiatric disorders
including autistic disorder, a severe neuro-developmental
disorder that affects approximately 2–10/10 000 individuals.
Although many studies have been attempted to elucidate
the genetic background of autism, the genetic factors
associated with its pathogenesis are still not well understood.
In order to evaluate the role of SNPs in serotonin
and dopamine receptor genes in autism, we performed association
studies using 57 autism and 100 normal controls for
SNPs with PCR-SSCP. The results showed that among 20
SNPs in serotonin gene tested, 18 revealed no positive association
with autism, but two SNPs in HTR1A showed significant
association (P , 0:05); among ten SNPs in dopamine
gene tested, seven revealed no positive association with
autism but three SNPs in DRD2 showed significant association
(P , 0:00001). The results indicated that difference in
allele and genotype frequency of HTR1A and DRD2 may
play an important role in the pathogenesis of autism.
FP-N-016
Phencyclidine treatment in newborn rats: behavioral
and neurochemical effects
X.-M. Gao, A. White, C.A. Tamminga
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland
school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Perinatal accidents contribute to the risk for schizophrenia.
Moreover, the illness may involve some abnormality of
the glutamatergic system, especially of NMDA-sensitive
receptor, possibly of neurodevelopmental origins. Whereas,
low doses of phencyclidine (PCP) can mimic the symptoms
of schizophrenia in normal humans and exacerbate symptoms
in those with the illness, high doses can cause cell
death, possibly due to failure of downstream GABAergic
inhibition. We hypothesized that perinatal treatment with a
lesioning agent, especially one directed toward the NMDAsensitive
glutamate system, might result in long lasting
changes in cerebral systems and abnormalities in behavior
in an experimental animal and produce an informative
animal preparation for schizophrenia. We treated newborn
rat pups with high doses of PCP (10 mg/kg) and evaluated
behavioral and neurochemical measures of CNS response in
the grown rat. The rat pups were treated with a single dose
of the PCP or saline on days, PN7, PN9 and PN11 (three
treatments). All subjects were raised to PN42 without
further treatment, sacrificed at that time, and their brains
harvested for study. We used in situ hybridization to quantify
gene expression for zif268, arc, GAD67, and glutamate
receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A and NR2B) in this tissue.
Half of the animals were assessed on PN42 their locomotor
response to PCP (3 mg/kg) and for PCP disruption of
prepulse inhibition.
FP-N-017
Sleep-disordered-breathing and child behavior
J. Kohyama, W. Furushima, J.S. Ohinata, T. Hasegawa
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Aim: To assess behavioral problems in children with sleep
disordered breathing (SDB). Methods: Twenty-four children
with suspected SDB (M/F 19/5, age: 4–9 years
(mean, 5.5)) were studied. Their care-takers filled the Japanese
version of the child behavior check-list/4–18 (CBCL
(by Achenbach TM)). One-night polysomnography was
done for each child. The correlation coefficients (r) between
the three items on SDB (1. incidence of obstructive apnea of
more than 10 s per hour of total sleep time; obstructive
apnea index (OAI), 2. percentage of time with
SaO 2 , 90% against the total sleep time, 3. SaO 2 nadir)
and scores of ten scales on CBCL were calculated. CBCL
has 113 questions that were classified into eight categories
(I. Withdrawn, II. Somatic complaints, III. Anxious/
depressed, IV. Social problems, V. Thought problems, VI.
Attention problems, VII. Delinquent behavior, VIII.
Aggressive behavior), and caretakers selected one of the
three answers (0 ¼ not true, 1 ¼ somewhat or sometimes
true, 2 ¼ very true or often true). Internalizing
(I 1 II 1 III) and externalizing (VII 1 VIII) scales were
also scored. Results: Among thirty pairs of correlations
examined, five pairs showed a high r; OAI and I
(r ¼ 20:39, 0:05 , P , 0:1), VIII (r ¼ 0:36,
0:05 , P , 0:1), and externalizing (r ¼ 0:35,
0:05 , P , 0:1), and SaO 2 nadir and I (r ¼ 0:46,
P , 0:05), and internalizing (r ¼ 0:35, 0:05 , P , 0:1)).
Conclusion: The severity of SDB (elevation of OAI and
decrease of SaO 2 nadir) tend to correlate with decrease of
internalization and the increase of externalization in children
with SDB.
FP-N-018
Survey on the prevalence of autism in Japan
H. Shimoizumi, N. Iizuka, S.I. Saitou, M.Y. Momoi
International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara,
Japan
Objective: According to recent Japanese reports, including
one study documenting the prevalence of autism in