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Contents 11.3 SMART 2 technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 11.3.1 Capacitive sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 11.3.2 Laser interferometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 11.3.3 Ion thrusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 11.3.4 Drag-free control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 11.4 SMART 2 satellite design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 11.4.1 Power subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 11.4.2 Command and Data Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 11.4.3 Telemetry and mission operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 12 Science and Mission Operations 207 12.1 Science operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 12.1.1 Relationship to spacecraft operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 12.1.2 Scientific commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 12.1.3 Scientific data acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 12.2 Mission operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 12.3 Operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 12.3.1 Ground-test mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 12.3.2 Launch mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 12.3.3 Orbit acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 12.3.4 Attitude acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 12.3.5 Science mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 12.3.6 Safe mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 12.4 Operational strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 12.4.1 Nominal operations concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 12.4.2 Advanced operations concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 12.4.3 Autonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 12.4.4 Failure detection, isolation and recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 12.4.5 Ground control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 12.5 Mission phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 12.6 Operating modes and mode transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 12.7 Ground segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 13 International Collaboration, Management, Schedules, Archiving 221 13.1 International collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 13.2 Science and project management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 13.3 Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 13.4 Archiving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Appendix 225 A.1 Detailed Noise Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 13-9-2000 11:47 xiv Corrected version 1.04
Contents A.1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 A.1.2 Pathlength Difference Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 A.1.3 Residual Proof Mass Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 A.1.4 Optical Path-Noise Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 A.1.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 A.2 Proof-mass charging by energetic particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 A.2.1 Disturbances arising from electrical charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 A.2.2 Modelling the charge deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 A.2.3 Lorentz forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 A.2.4 Coulomb forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 A.2.5 Summary of charge limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 A.2.6 Charge measurement using force modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 A.2.7 Momentum transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 A.3 Disturbances due to minor bodies and dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 A.4 Alternative Proof-Mass Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 A.4.1 Single (spherical) proof mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 A.4.2 IRS optical read out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 A.4.3 IRS internal all optical control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 A.4.4 Laser metrology harness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 A.4.5 Single proof mass as accelerometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 A.5 Laser Assembly Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 A.5.1 Laser requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 A.5.2 Single-frequency solid state laser alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 A.5.3 Laser components identification and trades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 A.5.4 Photodiodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 A.6 Telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 A.6.1 Telescope design drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 A.6.2 Review of possible optical and mechanical telescope designs . . . . . . . 285 A.6.3 Selection of the telescope optical design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 A.6.4 Design and performance summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 A.7 Line-of-Sight Orientation Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 A.7.1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 A.7.2 Pointing mechanism requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 A.7.3 Mechanism design drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 A.7.4 Location of the centre of rotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 A.7.5 Candidate technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 A.7.6 Mechanism concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 A.7.7 Dynamic simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 A.7.8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Corrected version 1.04 xv 13-9-2000 11:47
Page 1: LISA Laser Interferometer Space Ant
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Page 8 and 9: Foreword making the detection of gr
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Page 12 and 13: Contents 3.4.1 The proof mass . . .
Page 14 and 15: Contents 7.5.5 Estimation of backgr
Page 18 and 19: Contents References 307 Acronyms 31
Page 20 and 21: Executive Summary varying strain in
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Page 54 and 55: Chapter 2 Different Ways of Detecti
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Chapter 3 The LISA Concept - An Ove
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Chapter 4 Measurement Sensitivity 0
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Chapter 4 Measurement Sensitivity 1
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Chapter 4 Measurement Sensitivity (
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer Figure
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer Figure
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer The pr
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer manufa
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer into t
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer The el
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer causin
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer betwee
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Chapter 5 The Interferometer - The
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Chapter 6 Inertial Sensor and Drag-
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Chapter 7 Signal Extraction and Dat
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¨ú $˜û # £',+&úù )*$$ Chapt
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Chapter 8 Payload Design 8.2.3 Payl
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Chapter 8 Payload Design should be
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Chapter 8 Payload Design Location T
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H Chapter 8 Payload Design - .0/214
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switchable bus control Chapter 8 Pa
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design assembl
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design The two
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design 9.3 The
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design Table 9
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design directi
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design Figure
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design Figure
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design 9.4.3 S
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design tempera
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design Tempera
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design Further
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design Normall
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design eject R
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design • The
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N&OP Q&RS2RUT VWRXY:Z X2M [?\:RP:PY
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design LEONARD
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design The fol
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design TM TC T
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design shall n
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design of the
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design 9.7.5 C
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Chapter 9 Spacecraft Design device
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Chapter 10 Mission Analysis launch.
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Chapter 10 Mission Analysis maneuve
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Chapter 10 Mission Analysis separat
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Chapter 10 Mission Analysis Figure
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Chapter 10 Mission Analysis plane,
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Chapter 10 Mission Analysis Earth 5
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Chapter 11 Technology Demonstration
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Chapter 12 Science and Mission Oper
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Collaboration, Management, Schedule
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Appendix LISA averaged Sensitivity
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Appendix stability of straylight pa
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Appendix serve aside from their fun
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Appendix Optical path-lengths: L 12
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Appendix • a fall-back configurat
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Appendix Table A.1 Null space of th
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Appendix • ambiguities exist betw
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Appendix Table A.3 Sensitivity of m
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Appendix ( ) −R ∂M ∂x j · st
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Appendix 0.1 Pathlength Error rad/S
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Appendix size in the phase meter. A
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Appendix Table A.4 Properties of th
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Appendix • Acceleration resulting
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Appendix Table A.7 Pre-Phase A opti
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Appendix effects. • Two types of
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Appendix -8 1. 10 Optical Path Erro
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Appendix A.2.2 Modelling the charge
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Appendix right through). The curve
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Appendix where the first term ( ˙Q
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Appendix The charge build-up will b
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Appendix The integration times give
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Appendix The integral divides natur
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Appendix shorter period than this,
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Appendix + HW HU R G\QH O DV HU L
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Appendix A.4.4 Laser metrology harn
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Appendix beamwidth of the diode las
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Appendix of less then 100 kHz in th
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Appendix The phase noise characteri
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Appendix Table A.14 Experimental re
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Appendix Table A.16 Photodiodes for
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Appendix Figure A.26 Telescope desi
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Appendix • minimise external stra
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Appendix A telescope with a CFRP st
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Appendix • no WFE impact over a -
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Appendix On the basis of the above
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Appendix
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Appendix A.7.4 Location of the cent
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Appendix A.7.4.4 Conclusion Conside
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Appendix The voice-coil solution wo
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Appendix The plots that will be pre
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References [18] V.M. Lipunov, K.A.
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References [59] M.J. Rees: Astrophy
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References [101] L. Morgenroth, LIS
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References [135] B.T.C. Zandbergen,
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Acronyms - and other abbreviations
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Acronyms ETR Extended Tuning Range
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Acronyms NAO National Astronomical
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Acronyms TC TeleCommand TCS Thermal
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