marine research in finland - Baltic Marine Environment Bibliography
marine research in finland - Baltic Marine Environment Bibliography
marine research in finland - Baltic Marine Environment Bibliography
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potential models <strong>in</strong> this wavelength band, which may require a dedicated geopotential satellite<br />
mission.<br />
14.5. <strong>Baltic</strong> Sea level project<br />
This project is an <strong>in</strong>ternational cooperative programme aimed at unification of the vertical daturns<br />
around the <strong>Baltic</strong> Sea. In the same framework, determ<strong>in</strong>ation of the geoid (gravimetric, altimetric)<br />
and the permanent sea surface topography is be<strong>in</strong>g studied. Two GPS campaigns at<br />
tide gauge locations and fiducial sites have already been organized, <strong>in</strong> 1990 and <strong>in</strong> 1993. The<br />
results of the first campaign have been published (Kakkuri, ed. 1994).<br />
The <strong>Baltic</strong> Sea Level project is an International Association of Geodesy Special Study Group<br />
(no. 5.147) chaired by Juhani Kakkuri.<br />
14.6. Sea ice gravimetry<br />
An important ongo<strong>in</strong>g project is the gravity survey on the w<strong>in</strong>ter ice of the Gulf of Bothnia us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
a helicopter for transport. For a description, see Lehmuskoski and Mak<strong>in</strong>en (1978). The latest<br />
measurements of this k<strong>in</strong>d, which constitute a jo<strong>in</strong>t F<strong>in</strong>nish/Swedish project extend<strong>in</strong>g over many<br />
years, were made <strong>in</strong> 1994.<br />
In the accompany<strong>in</strong>g picture (Fig. 6), the current contents of the F<strong>in</strong>nish gravity data base are<br />
shown together with the new po<strong>in</strong>ts (crosses).<br />
One application of these measurements is the determ<strong>in</strong>ation of the gravimetric geoid of this sea<br />
area, for comparison with altimetric results, cf. Vermeer (1983, 1984).<br />
29<br />
Iy!<br />
A FIDUCIAL STATIONS<br />
• TIDE GAUGE STATIONS<br />
- 50<br />
I - Kemi<br />
2-Raahe<br />
3-Vaasa<br />
4 - Milntyluoto<br />
5 - Degerby<br />
6-Hank0<br />
7 - Hels<strong>in</strong>ki<br />
8 - Ham<strong>in</strong>a<br />
9 - Furo(lgnmd<br />
10 - Ratao<br />
11 - Spikama<br />
12 - Stockholm<br />
13 - kby<br />
14 - C)laods Norm Udde<br />
15 - Kungsholmsfort<br />
16-He1<br />
17 - Wladyslawowo<br />
18-Leba<br />
19 - Ustka<br />
20 - Kolobaeg<br />
21 - Sw<strong>in</strong>oujscie<br />
22 - Klagshamo<br />
23 - Bombolm<br />
24 - Knudshoved<br />
25 - Sapnit2<br />
26 - Wamemtide<br />
27 - TravemUnde<br />
28 - Sylt (List)<br />
29 - Helgolaod<br />
30 - Borkum<br />
100 - Mets%bovi<br />
101 - Borowiec<br />
102 - Potsdam<br />
103 - Hohenbubostorf<br />
104 - Riga<br />
105 - Onsala<br />
106 - Wettzell<br />
Fig. 5. Station distribution for the <strong>Baltic</strong> Sea Level GPS Campaign 1990. From G. Liebsch and R.<br />
Dietrich: “F<strong>in</strong>al Results of the Dresden group for the 1 st GPS <strong>Baltic</strong> Sea Level Campaign”, <strong>in</strong>: Kakkuri<br />
(ed.) ( 1994).
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