marine research in finland - Baltic Marine Environment Bibliography

Vermeer, M. 1983: A new SEASAT altimetric geoid for the Baltic. - Finnish Geodetic Institute
Report 83:4, Helsinki.
Vermeer, M. 1984: Geoid studies on Finland and the Baltic. - Finnish Geodetic Institute, Report
843, Helsinki.
Vermeer, M. 1988: Regional altimetric geoid determination including tide gauge registrations
and prospects for inter-geoid comparisons in the Baltic basin. Paper presented at ESA
ERS-1 workshop, Copenhagen, spring 1988.
Vermeer, M., Kakkuri, J., Malkki, P., Kahma, K.K., Lepparanta, M. & Boman, H. 1988: Land
uplift and sea level variability spectrum using fully measured monthly means of tide
gauge readings. - Finnish Mar. Res. 256:3-75.
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15. WATER PROTECTION ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH-WEST FINLAND
Kyssti Jumppanen
The Water Protection Association is a generally useful community maintained by municipalities
and industry. It acts as a co-operative and expert organization aiming at the promotion of water
protection. The monitoring of the state and quality of the coastal waters as well as the loads of
nutrients and other pollutants discharged in waste effluent and rivers into the sea is among its
most important activities. The physico-chemical and biological monitoring network for the
coastal waters comprises over 500 sampling stations.
The most important research venture has been the project “The Development of the State of the
Archipelago Sea and Environmental Factors affecting it” in 1991-93. The aim of the project has
been to produce an overall presentation of the aquatic ecosystem of this sea area, to describe its
development since the 1960’s and the environmental factors affecting it, and to evaluate the need
to improve its water protection. The research report, published in April 1994, has been compiled
on the basis of all existing research material completed with sedimentation studies. The project
was financed by the cities and industries of the southwestern coastal area as well as the Water
Protection Association of SW Finland.
The project proved that large-scale eutrophication and an increase in biological production has
occurred in the Archipelago Sea since the 1960’s. Urgent water protection measures are therefore
needed in order to rapidly decrease the nutrient loading from the agricultural sources and
fish farming. The amount of atmospheric loading and the background loading from the Baltic
Sea should also be markedly decreased. In order to achieve this goal, international co-operation
is needed. The increasing storage of biologically-available phosphorus, and maybe of nitrogen,
has caused gradual eutrophication, and is the greatest threat to the present water quality.
The staff of the Water Protection Association consists of live scientists (an ecologist, a marine
biologist, a limnologist, a chemist and a chemical engineer) and twelve other persons. The
budget is about 5 million marks and salary costs are 2,3 million marks.
III THE INTERNATIONAL FIELD
1. MARINE RESEARCH WITHIN THE NORDIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
PROGRAMME 1993- 1997
Erkki Leppakoski
With the aim of promoting environmental research in the Nordic countries, the Nordic Council
of Ministers has initiated a research programme, which also extends to support the participation
of Nordic countries in international research programmes.
A proposal for a 5-year Nordic Environmental Research Programme was adopted at the 39th
Session of the Nordic Council in 199 1.