Poster Sessions, pages 567-640 - ICOET

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Abstract Culvert Retrofit Testing Christopher May (360-681-4556, christopher.may@pnl.gov), Senior Scientist, and Ron Thom (360-681-3657, ron.thom@pnl.gov), Staff Engineer, Battelle PNNL, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, Fax: 360-681-3681 USA Road culverts located on federal, state, and private lands currently block upstream passage of juvenile salmon to thousands of miles of suitable juvenile rearing habitat. Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), in cooperation with partner state and federal agencies, is currently leading a cooperative program to study juvenile salmonid passage through culverts by systematically conducting statistically designed experiments in full-scale culvert systems at the Culvert Test Bed (CTB). The overall goal of the CTB program is to identify culvert configurations and the associated hydraulic conditions that facilitate successful upstream passage of juvenile salmonids. Previous studies have used juvenile coho salmon to examine the factors influencing passage success and leaping ability. This study begins research focused on retrofitted culverts. A retrofitted culvert is one in which the bed characteristics of an existing culvert are modified or engineered to improve fish passage. The main objectives of this study were to determine the passage success of juvenile salmon swimming through a series of configurations baffles under different culvert slopes and water flow conditions and to relate fish passage success to culvert slope, water flow, water velocity, turbulence intensity, water depth, and other hydraulic parameters for the installed retrofit design. In 2005 and 2006, testing was conducted using a culvert-baffle configuration commonly used in Washington to enhance upstream adult salmonid passage. The primary question to be addressed is what passage success is achieved for juvenile salmon with this standard culvert-baffle configuration. The fish-passage tests evaluated passage success in a 40-ft corrugated culvert with three weir baffles at one culvert slope (1.14%) and over five flows conditions (1.5, 3, 6, 8, and 12 cfs). In addition, a full hydraulic analysis of flow conditions inside the CTB was conducted. The relationships between natural logarithm of passage success of juvenile coho salmon (94 mm to 104 mm) and culvert discharge were statistically significant and curvilinear for all three configurations. For the configuration without baffles, passage success was about 40% at 1.5 cfs, increased to about 70% at 3 cfs, and then decreased to less than 10% at 12 cfs. The curves for configurations without baffles and with baffles and elevated backwatering condition did not differ significantly. Both these curves were significantly greater than the curve for the configuration with baffles and standard backwatering condition. Backwatering influences passage success through baffled culverts and will need to be considered as an experimental variable in future tests. Differences between our results and other research results indicate that fish size has substantial influence on passage success and that these tests will need to be repeated for smaller juveniles. The lower passage success at 1.5 cfs relative to the higher flows both with and without baffles indicates that the lower passage success at 1.5 cfs is not a function of baffling conditions, i.e., baffles or no baffles, but rather is due to some aspect of culvert discharge. More exploratory behavior was observed at 1.5 cfs than at higher flows. The observations also suggest that consistent upstream movement may require a cue that is associated with higher flows. The nature of the cue is not known but could be related to higher velocities, greater depth, or more distinct low-velocity pathways. Behaviors associated with successful upstream passage were more complex with baffles than without baffles. A significant quadratic relationship between the probability of passage success and the number of entries was found for all configurations at flows above 1.5 cfs. These relationships suggest that fish may be achieving the same level of passage success for less effort in the baffled configuration. The behavioral observations indicate that the fish use lowvelocity pathways to accomplish passage and that these pathways differ between the baffled and unbaffled conditions and perhaps differ with flow for the baffled condition. The fish appear to be able to find and use low-velocity pathways to accomplish the passage in several different settings. Overall, the results obtained thus far in the culvert test bed system demonstrate that the juvenile coho salmon have remarkable abilities to adapt their behavior to accomplish upstream passage in different system configurations and under different flows. The fish appear able to find and use low velocity pathways to accomplish the passage. Posters 614 ICOET 2007 Proceedings
Abstract Effects of a Highway Improvement Project on Florida Key Deer Israel D. Parker (979-739-0679, iparker@tamu.edu), Anthony W. Braden, Roel R. Lopez, and Nova J. Silvy, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2258 TAMU, 006 Nagle Hall College Station, TX 77843-2258, Fax: 979-845-3786 USA Donald S. Davis, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA Catherine B. Owen, Environmental Management Office, Florida Department of Transportation, Miami, FL 33172 USA With an absence of predators, deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) are the primary source of mortality for the endangered Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium). Of these collisions, >50% occur on United States Highway 1 (US 1), the primary inter-island roadway in the Florida Keys. DVCs on the 5.6-km section of US 1 on Big Pine Key (BPK) are responsible for approximately 26% of annual mortality. In 2002, a continuous 2.6-km system of 2.4-m fencing, 2 underpasses, and 4 experimental deer guards was completed on US 1 on BPK. Our objective for this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of this system in reducing DVCs. Deer heavily used the underpasses built in the fenced area all 3 post-project years (2003–2005). The fencing successfully prevented Key deer from entering the exclusion area. In spite of increasing deer population numbers, the US 1 improvement project prevented an increase in DVCs on US 1. Biographical Sketch: Israel Parker is currently a Ph.D. student in the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at Texas A&M University working on central Texas water quality issues. He received his M.S. in the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at TAMU in 2006 focusing on Florida Key deer. Bridging the Gaps, Naturally 615 Posters
Page 1 and 2: Poster Sessions Introduction Ecolog
Page 3 and 4: metamorphs. Road mortality is likel
Page 5 and 6: eproductive abilities and survivors
Page 7 and 8: that the strongest stimuli for immo
Page 9 and 10: hectic and substantial task of crea
Page 11 and 12: Forman, R. T. T. 2000. Estimate of
Page 13 and 14: Lehtinen, R. M. S. M. Galatowitsch,
Page 15 and 16: Sealy, J. B. 2002. Ecology and beha
Page 17 and 18: Abstract Assessing the Stone Marten
Page 19 and 20: Abstract Lessons and Experiences Fr
Page 21 and 22: The Salmon Resource and Sensitive A
Page 23 and 24: Environmental Scoping Application E
Page 25 and 26: Recommendations for future research
Page 27 and 28: Use of a GIS-Based Model of Habitat
Page 29 and 30: Effects of a Purpose-Built Underpas
Page 31 and 32: Background Major Objectives for Roa
Page 33 and 34: Iuell, B., H. (G. J.) Bekker, R. Cu
Page 35 and 36: Forest Service Back Roads: Utilizat
Page 37 and 38: Abstract Development of a Bald Eagl
Page 39 and 40: An Alternative to the Openness Rati
Page 41 and 42: Abstract Effectiveness of Black Bea
Page 43 and 44: Highway Median Impacts on Wildlife
Page 45 and 46: Taxa groups (largely based on Calif
Page 47: Long-Term Consequences of Winter Ro
Page 51 and 52: Introduction Roadkill and Landscape
Page 53 and 54: The fact that we have never met two
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3. Valley grassland unit, an
Page 57 and 58: Abstract An Analytical Framework fo
Page 59 and 60: Abstract Measuring Gene Flow Across
Page 61 and 62: Introduction Wildlife Use of Open a
Page 63 and 64: automatically photograph animals th
Page 65 and 66: Our track plates did not find any s
Page 67 and 68: Abstract An Overview of Recent Deer
Page 69 and 70: Abstract Riparian Restoration Plan
Page 71 and 72: Relating Vehicle-Wildlife Crash Rat
Page 73: Simulation-Optimization Framework t

Poster Sessions, pages 567-640 - ICOET

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?