A Revision of the Old World Species (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)

22 Osamu Yata
as apophysis posterioris, with a prominent protuberance at the dorsal margin of
proximal portion. Papilla analis elongate, bearing a short apical lobe and swollen
bare-region.
Variation: In contrast to E. puella, the present species shows considerable
geographical variation in wing markings, especially in the developmental degrees of
anal border on hindwing. Seasonal variation is unknown.
Taxonomic remarks: Eurema puella has long been considered to be conspecific with
the present species. However, I raise puella to specific rank here and include subsp.
diotima and papuana from New Guinea, oclogesa from Waigeo, and virgo from Aru in
this species based mainly on the male genitalia.
Relationship: This species is closely related to E. puella and forms undoubtedly
with it a monophyletic group.
Distribution: This species has "disjunct geographic ranges"; it occurs in Moluc
cas (Halmahera, Bachan, Obi, Ambon, Ceram, Buru, etc.), Timor, Flores, Key,
Bismark and Solomon Isls.
Habitat and habits: This butterfly mainly inhabits lowland rain forests, and it is
found weakly flying close to the ground in forest edges or paths through forests.
This species is multivoltine, and it is found flying all the year round in the subtropical
and tropical regions.
Early stages: The early stages are poorly known. According to the colour
photograph shown by D'Abrera (1971), the mature larva (subsp. xanthomelaena)
resembles that of E. sarilata except for a rounded black spot appearing on the anterior
margin of 1st abdominal segment along dorsal margin of the white spiracular line.
Eurema Candida Candida (Cramer, [1782])
Papilio Candida Cramer, [1782]: 82, pi. 331, fig. A. LECTOTYPE ^
[MNHN, examined]
?Papilio flavotinctus Goeze, 1779: 181. (Ambon)?
?Papilio nigricanteinftitatus Goeze, 1779: 184. (Ambon)?
Terias Candida Candida (Cramer); Fruhstorfer, 1910: 172.
Terias Candidaf. exalbescens Jurriaanse, 1926: 67. (Buru)
Eurema Candida Candida (Cramer); Corbet & Pendlebury, 1932: 189.
(Amboina) here designated.
The nominate subspecies is characterized
by the following combination of
characters.
Male (PI. 8 (1-4)). Upperside: Forewing black distal border fairly broad,
almost same width from vein 4 to basal margin; hindwing black distal border fairly
broad, with its inner edge sometimes weakly waved; anal border well developed from
tornus to base, occupying almost in space la; basal portions of both wings distinctly
blackish. Underside: Black distal borders fairly broad. Female (PI. 8 (5-8)).
Upperside: Forewing black distal border very broad, with its inner edge almost