Lithium-Ion Battery Simulation for Greener Ford Vehicles
Lithium-Ion Battery Simulation for Greener Ford Vehicles
Lithium-Ion Battery Simulation for Greener Ford Vehicles
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ENERGY<br />
MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA<br />
Log 10<br />
(|E ||<br />
|+1) − T e0<br />
=4[keV] − n e0<br />
=0.8E20[m −3 ]<br />
4<br />
3.5<br />
3<br />
2.5<br />
2<br />
1.5<br />
1<br />
properties of plasma facing antennas <strong>for</strong><br />
realistic fusion plasma parameters. The<br />
FEM approach pushes the boundary of<br />
our simulation capabilities to a new level,<br />
where the modeling possibilities are only<br />
limited by the designers' imagination. In<br />
this context, COMSOL Multiphysics can<br />
be used as an established, user-friendly<br />
tool which brings the design of plasma<br />
facing antennas closer to the realm of engineering.<br />
Furthermore, the integrated<br />
multiphysics environment of COMSOL<br />
allows evaluation of thermal and mechanical<br />
stresses self-consistently and<br />
within the same simulation tool, enabling<br />
faster, more efficient antenna design.<br />
“The integrated<br />
multiphysics environment<br />
of COMSOL allows<br />
evaluation of thermal<br />
and mechanical stresses<br />
self-consistently<br />
and within the same<br />
simulation tool, enabling<br />
faster, more efficient<br />
antenna design.”<br />
Result from the LHEAF code, showing the magnitude of Lower Hybrid waves parallel electric field as they<br />
propagate in a cross section of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The waves are launched from the antenna<br />
structure and propagate inside of the plasma, where they are damped by Electron Landau Damping. The<br />
evaluation of the EM problem was efficiently done within COMSOL.<br />
0.5<br />
0<br />
In particular, one of the challenges<br />
of <strong>Ion</strong> Cyclotron heating in tokamak<br />
plasmas is the production of RF driven<br />
plasma sheaths. These sheaths create<br />
large electric potentials and are capable<br />
of accelerating ions from the plasma edge<br />
into material surfaces inside the tokamak.<br />
This process can result in surface<br />
sputtering and local melting, which can<br />
introduce unwanted impurities into the<br />
plasma. Using a cold plasma model within<br />
COMSOL we are able to quantify local<br />
electric fields near the plasma boundary<br />
and try to mitigate the effects of these RF<br />
sheaths through a innovative rotated antenna<br />
design.<br />
2 6 // C O M S O L N E W S 2 0 1 1<br />
➮<br />
Cov ToC + – A<br />
➭<br />
24-27 CN MIT 2011.indd 26 5/13/11 10:09 AM
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