Mix Water Cement Ben<strong>to</strong>nite Marsh Cone Specific Gravity Bleed (l) (Kg) (Kg) (sec)
with heterogeneous overburden deposits rang<strong>in</strong>g from very stiff clays <strong>to</strong> clean gravels overly<strong>in</strong>g a highly fractured limes<strong>to</strong>ne bedrock that had experienced <strong>the</strong> dissolv<strong>in</strong>g action <strong>of</strong> groundwater <strong>to</strong> open and <strong>in</strong>fill <strong>the</strong>se crevices and <strong>to</strong> form solution cavities. The jet grout technique has proven flexible <strong>in</strong> meet<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>se unique demands and <strong>to</strong> provide ground improvement <strong>to</strong> enable a rock tunnel<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>e <strong>to</strong> be used, thus remov<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> hand m<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and reduc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> overall cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project for <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> Columbus. REFERENCES <strong>An</strong>dromalos, K.B., and Pettit, P.J., 1986, <strong>Jet</strong> <strong>Grout<strong>in</strong>g</strong>: Snail’s Pace <strong>of</strong> Adoption: Civil Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g, A.S.C.E., December, 40-43 pp. Bruce, D.A., and Pellegr<strong>in</strong>o, G., 1995, <strong>Jet</strong> <strong>Grout<strong>in</strong>g</strong> for Solv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Tunnel<strong>in</strong>g</strong> problems <strong>in</strong> S<strong>of</strong>t Clays. International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Tokyo, Japan, 1996. This article was published <strong>in</strong>: Beck, B.F. and Stephenson, J.B. (eds.), 1997, The Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Geology and Hydrogeology <strong>of</strong> Karst Terranes - Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sixth Multidiscipl<strong>in</strong>ary Conference on S<strong>in</strong>kholes and <strong>the</strong> Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g and Environmental Impacts <strong>of</strong> Karst, Spr<strong>in</strong>gfield, MO: Rotterdam, Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands, A.A. Balkema, p. 381-388.