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Country Import value (€ m) Import volume (t) Physical risk Regulatory risk Reputational risk China 1,791,384 317,829 Italy 971,749 105,784 Turkey 771,609 132,373 Netherlands 521,336 101,259 Poland 517,505 88,071 India 466,037 106,594 Switzerland 414,178 25,893 Belgium 407,814 100,285 Czech Rep. 398,921 81,765 Austria 341,019 38,191 Table 3. Top ten countries from which Germany imports textiles and their water risk (based on import value) High Medium Low *See 3.1 Water Risk Analysis and Methodology for further details. Cotton production is the most water-intense segment of the value chain for the textiles and apparel sector and is also the segment most vulnerable to climate-induced physical water risks. Sector water risk and water intensity Water-related risks are significant in textiles and apparel production (see Table 4). There are strong links to agriculture and the petrochemical industry, both of which are big water users and polluters. The textile industry is second only to agriculture as the world’s biggest water polluter 24 . Each year, mills discharge millions of litres of wastewater containing toxic chemicals, such as formaldehyde, chlorine, and heavy metals, like lead and mercury. Many of these chemicals cannot be filtered or removed and cause both environmental damage and human disease 25 . Cotton production is the most water-intense segment of the value chain for the textiles and apparel sector and is also the segment most vulnerable to climate-induced physical water risks. The impacts of water risk on a textile company’s performance can be illustrated through H&M’s lower profits after having to absorb skyrocketed cotton prices due to flooding in major cotton growing areas in Pakistan, Australia, and China that limited supply in 2011 26, 27 . 28, 29 Cotton water facts Water consumption in cotton production differs between countries: China (6,000 litres/ kg), India (22,500 litres/kg), Pakistan (9,600 litres/kg), and Uzbekistan (9,200 litres/kg). Pesticides and herbicides used to grow conventional cotton account for 10% of all agricultural chemicals and 25% of all pesticides used worldwide each year. The World Bank estimates that textile dyeing and treatment causes 20% of global industrial water pollution. 20
Figure 4. General value chain of the textiles and apparel sector and associated water intensity and pollution. Fibre Production Fibre Processing Clothing and Apparel production Distribution and Warehousing Marketing and Sales Consumer Key value chain step May be operated by textile and apparel company in case of vertical integration Agricultural and petrochemical suppliers Yarn/fibre production, spinning mills Weaving Knitting Dyeing and fabric finishing Confection of clothing and apparel Transport Shops Marketing Stock management Advertisement Washing Water Intensity Consumption Withdrawls 52% 46% 43% 47% 1% 1% 4% 6% 0% 0% no data no data Water Pollution Ecotoxicity Acidification Eutrophication 8% 4% 65% 66% 26% 33% 2% 1% 1% 24% 69% 0% 0% 0% 0% no data no data no data Textile/Apparel production requires a lot of water, often within water scarce countries. Especially growing the cotton and dyeing the fabric are water intensive steps in the supply chain. THE IMPORTED RISK Germany’s Water Risks in Times of Globalisation | 21
Page 1 and 2: STUDY 2014 THE IMPORTED RISK GERMAN
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents 1. Executive Summ
Page 5 and 6: 1 Executive Summary In comparison w
Page 7 and 8: »» Develop sector-specific sustai
Page 9 and 10: needs to be actively engaged in cur
Page 11 and 12: WWF global physical water risk map
Page 13 and 14: German companies from various econo
Page 15 and 16: Are you prepared for tomorrow? A br
Page 17 and 18: 3 Understanding Germany’s Water R
Page 19: Figure 2. Overview of countries fro
Page 23 and 24: Country case: China - textiles & ap
Page 25 and 26: Country case: Bangladesh - textiles
Page 27 and 28: Figure 6. Overview of countries fro
Page 29 and 30: Figure 8. General value chain of th
Page 31 and 32: Country case: Russia - oil, gas, co
Page 33 and 34: Country case: South Africa - ores (
Page 35 and 36: Commodity Import value (in € m) I
Page 37 and 38: Figure 10. General value chain for
Page 39 and 40: Country case: India - sugarcane Sha
Page 41 and 42: Country case: Vietnam - coffee Shar
Page 43 and 44: Figure 11. Overview of countries fr
Page 45 and 46: Sector water risk and water intensi
Page 47 and 48: Risks that can be influenced by a c
Page 49 and 50: Pollution” in 1984 (revised in 20
Page 51 and 52: Figure 13. General value chain for
Page 53 and 54: Side Note 4. EDEKA - one of Germany
Page 55 and 56: Financial services sector General b
Page 57 and 58: Side Note 5. DEG - Entrepreneurial
Page 59 and 60: 4 Water Stewardship - From Risk to
Page 61 and 62: INFLUENCE GOVERNANCE Government inc
Page 63: In response to a real demand, WWF c
Page 66 and 67: 5.1 Companies - become good water s
Page 68 and 69: 5.3. Government - initiate and coll
Page 70 and 71:
Annex: Sector Water Risk Data To id
Page 72 and 73:
Top 10 countries with high water-re
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Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
References Accenture (2012). Water
Page 82 and 83:
Genasci, L. (2013). Sinking Reputat
Page 84 and 85:
SABMiller & WWF (2010). Water Futur
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Endnotes 1 WEF, 2013 2 CDP, 2012 3
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105 UNEP, 2009 106 IFC, 2013 107 Wa
Page 90 and 91:
An aerial view of center pivot irri
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2,500 Liter The global average it t
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