YtDl2r

Figure 5. Overview of countries
from which Germany
imports oil, gas, and coal
(based on tonnes imported)
Russia 32%
Norway 20%
Netherlands 11%
UK 6%
USA 4%
Colombia 4%
Libya 4%
Nigeria 3%
Kazakhstan 2%
Australia 2%
Remaining
(37 countries) 12%
3.2.2 Extractives
Oil and gas are vital to many industries and civilisation as a whole. In 2011, the
world consumed approximately 4,060 million tonnes of oil. Developed nations
are the largest consumers – North America and Europe/Eurasia respectively
consumed 25.3% and 22.1% of the oil produced in 2011 56 . Altogether, petroleum
production, distribution, refining, and retailing represents the world’s largest
industry in terms of dollar value.
Top countries of import to Germany and their water risk
In 2011, fuels and mining made up 22.5% of the total world trade in merchandise
57, F . In 2012, Germany imported €110 billion (US$139.7 billion) worth of
extractive goods and resources (mineral oil, gas, coal, and ore) and consumed
2.7% of the oil and 2.2% of the natural gas produced in 2011 G . Germany mainly
imports its oil, gas, and coal from Russia, followed by Norway, the Netherlands,
and the UK (see Table 5 and Figure 5). Germany’s ores are mainly imported
from Brazil (see Table 6 and Figure 6). See Side Note 3 about the issue
of re-exports.
Country
Import
value
(€ m)
Import
volume (t)
Russia 32,829,331 72,529,771
Norway 22,477,247 46,741,204
Physical
risk
Regulatory
risk
Reputational
risk
Netherlands 11,723,085 25,623,804
UK 7,258,692 14,180,493
Libya 5,449,903 8,089,927
Nigeria 4,281,702 6,481,509
Kazakhstan 3,520,847 5,160,972
Algeria 1,506,394 2,200,190
Azerbaijan 1,449,772 2,170,780
Saudi Arabia 1,192,858 1,973,588
Table 5. Top ten countries from which Germany imports oil/gas/coal and their water
risk (based on import value). The import value and volume and water risk scores are
aggregated from individual commodities (see Annex 1 for individual commodities).
High Medium Low
*See 3.1 Water Risk Analysis and Methodology for further details.
F The WTO’s definition of fuels and mining products includes, apart from the commodities included in
the German trade numbers, non-crude petroleum oils, coke and briquettes, electric current, crude
fertilisers and metal scrap. These made up around 7% of world trade in 2011, 5% being non-crude
petroleum oils. Source: WTO Trade Statistics 2011, UN Comtrade
G BP, 2012
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