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Roughly 70% of the surface and ground water used globally is for agriculture 95 , with as much as 90% of water dedicated to agriculture in developing countries 96 . Many of the world’s croplands are in semi-arid areas that are expected to become even drier due to climate change. Roughly 70% of the surface and ground water used globally is for agriculture. A significant risk for the sector is the high water demand for irrigation, which is expected to be aggravated by growing competition from urbanisation, industrialisation, and climate change impacts. The latter is likely to affect water supply and agriculture through changes in the seasonal timing of rainfall and snow-pack melt, as well as higher incidence and severity of floods and droughts 97 . Between 15–35% of water use by agriculture is estimated to be unsustainable; additionally, agriculture wastes 60% of the water it uses each year 98 . Agriculture is the main cause of water pollution in many countries due to the discharge of pollutants and sediment to the surface and/or groundwater, net loss of soil by poor agricultural practices, and salinisation and waterlogging of irrigated land 99 . At the same time, the sector is dependent on good quality water resources in order to avoid contamination of crops. Water risks related to agricultural production are comparatively low for commodities produced in Germany as the country has abundant water resources and relatively well-developed water resource management systems in place. However, German manufacturers and retailers could face significant water-related risks along their supply chains if agricultural raw materials are imported from regions experiencing water problems. Prominent examples are the food and beverage sectors that are heavily dependent on water for production of their input and final good, either as a direct ingredient or to process raw materials. Global average water footprints of agricultural goods H : Tomato: 200 l/kg Oranges: 560 l/kg Rice: 2,500 l/kg Beef: 15,400 l/kg Coffee: 15,900 l/kg *Please see Side Note 2 for further information about the water footprint. H www.waterfootprint.org 36
Figure 10. General value chain for the agriculture sector and associated water intensity and pollution Raw material suppliers Production Distrubution Product use by consumers Key value chain step May be operated by textile and apparel company in case of vertical integration Agriculture Initial processing Processing Packaging Transport Distribution centres Retailers Catering industry Preparing of food and drinks Eating and drinking Water Intensity Consumption Withdrawls 60% 57% 40% 42% 1% 1% 0% 0% Water Pollution Ecotoxicity Acidification Eutrophication 29% 24% 87% 63% 49% 13% 8% 27% 0% 0% 0% 0% Agriculture accounts for 70% of water withdrawals globally. In some countries 70% of irrigation water is lost during the transport to the field. THE IMPORTED RISK Germany’s Water Risks in Times of Globalisation | 37
Page 1 and 2: STUDY 2014 THE IMPORTED RISK GERMAN
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents 1. Executive Summ
Page 5 and 6: 1 Executive Summary In comparison w
Page 7 and 8: »» Develop sector-specific sustai
Page 9 and 10: needs to be actively engaged in cur
Page 11 and 12: WWF global physical water risk map
Page 13 and 14: German companies from various econo
Page 15 and 16: Are you prepared for tomorrow? A br
Page 17 and 18: 3 Understanding Germany’s Water R
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2. Overview of countries fro
Page 21 and 22: Figure 4. General value chain of th
Page 23 and 24: Country case: China - textiles & ap
Page 25 and 26: Country case: Bangladesh - textiles
Page 27 and 28: Figure 6. Overview of countries fro
Page 29 and 30: Figure 8. General value chain of th
Page 31 and 32: Country case: Russia - oil, gas, co
Page 33 and 34: Country case: South Africa - ores (
Page 35: Commodity Import value (in € m) I
Page 39 and 40: Country case: India - sugarcane Sha
Page 41 and 42: Country case: Vietnam - coffee Shar
Page 43 and 44: Figure 11. Overview of countries fr
Page 45 and 46: Sector water risk and water intensi
Page 47 and 48: Risks that can be influenced by a c
Page 49 and 50: Pollution” in 1984 (revised in 20
Page 51 and 52: Figure 13. General value chain for
Page 53 and 54: Side Note 4. EDEKA - one of Germany
Page 55 and 56: Financial services sector General b
Page 57 and 58: Side Note 5. DEG - Entrepreneurial
Page 59 and 60: 4 Water Stewardship - From Risk to
Page 61 and 62: INFLUENCE GOVERNANCE Government inc
Page 63: In response to a real demand, WWF c
Page 66 and 67: 5.1 Companies - become good water s
Page 68 and 69: 5.3. Government - initiate and coll
Page 70 and 71: Annex: Sector Water Risk Data To id
Page 72 and 73: Top 10 countries with high water-re
Page 80 and 81: References Accenture (2012). Water
Page 82 and 83: Genasci, L. (2013). Sinking Reputat
Page 84 and 85: SABMiller & WWF (2010). Water Futur
Page 86 and 87:
Endnotes 1 WEF, 2013 2 CDP, 2012 3
Page 88 and 89:
105 UNEP, 2009 106 IFC, 2013 107 Wa
Page 90 and 91:
An aerial view of center pivot irri
Page 92:
2,500 Liter The global average it t
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