Royal Society - David Keith

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Troposphere UNCCD UNCLOS UNFCCC Urea Upwelling Virtue-based W/m 2 WMO Weathering The lowest part of the atmosphere from the surface to about 10 km in altitude in mid-latitudes (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) where clouds and ‘weather’ phenomena occur. In the troposphere temperatures generally decrease with height. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. UN Law of the Sea Convention. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. A water-soluble compound that is the major nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism and is the chief nitrogenous component of the urine in mammals and other organisms. Used as a fertiliser and feed supplement. In thermo-haline circulation a region of the ocean where water driven by temperature and density is brought from the bottom of the ocean to the top bringing high levels of nutrients. Virtue-based ethical theories place less emphasis on which rules people should follow and instead focus on the development of good character traits, such as kindness and generosity, which will allow the correct decisions to be made in life. Watts per metre squared. The amount of energy that falls on a square metre in one second sometimes known as a flux. World Meteorological Organisation. Any of the chemical or mechanical processes by which rocks exposed to the weather undergo changes in character and break down. 47 47 IPCC WG I (2007) The Physical Science Basis. 80 I September 2009 I Geoengineering the Climate The Royal Society
10 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following individuals for information and references provided and discussions with the working members and Royal Society staff during the study: Dr Olivier Boucher, UK Met Office. Professor Martin Bunzl, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, USA. Professor Tom Choularton, The University of Manchester, UK. Dr Matthew Harvey, Royal Society Science Policy Centre, London, UK. Professor John Latham, National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA. Stuart Leckie, Royal Society Science Policy Centre, London, UK. Professor Tim Lenton, University of East Anglia, UK. Professor John O’ Neill, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. Professor Michael Northcott, School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh, UK. Dr Tim Palmer FRS European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, UK. Dr Phil Rasch, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA. Professor Stephen Salter, University of Edinburgh, UK. Professor R.D Schuiling, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Naomi Vaughan, University of East Anglia, UK. UK Biochar Research Centre, University of Edinburgh. UK Met Office. The Royal Society Geoengineering the Climate I September 2009 I 81
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Geoengineering the climate Science,
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Geoengineering the climate: science
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Geoengineering the climate: science
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Foreword Lord Rees of Ludlow OM Pre
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Membership of working group The mem
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Summary Background Climate change i
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climate and environmental effects a
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background Geoen
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Of this, more than 30% is reflected
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Box 1.2 Assessment of geoengineerin
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are provided for each method in Cha
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2 Carbon dioxide removal techniques
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Table 2.2. Land-use and afforestati
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Table 2.4. Biochar summary evaluati
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Table 2.5. Summary evaluation table
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the carbon, converting it back into
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It might be argued that one easy wa
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e distributed effectively to avoid
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3 Solar radiation management techni
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ightening, and the required change
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3.3.2 Cloud-albedo enhancement It h
Page 43 and 44: eplacement vessels per year along w
Page 45 and 46: from Caldeira & Wood (2008) who hav
Page 47 and 48: These model experiments (also discu
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.6. Comparison of SRM techni
Page 51 and 52: 4 Governance 4.1 Introduction Clima
Page 53 and 54: ocean fertilisation, there may be a
Page 55 and 56: application, modification and exten
Page 57 and 58: • activities (and/or substances)
Page 59 and 60: Submission: Evans; Submission: IOP)
Page 61 and 62: 5 Discussion 5.1 Geoengineering met
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Page 65 and 66: egulated are needed. Public attitud
Page 67 and 68: Box 5.1 Research priorities 1. Cros
Page 69 and 70: The two major classes of geoenginee
Page 71 and 72: 6 Conclusions and recommendations D
Page 73 and 74: However SRM methods may provide a p
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 The UNFCCC should establish a w
Page 77 and 78: 7 References Aines R & Fiedmann J (
Page 79 and 80: Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Nouger M, van de
Page 81 and 82: Observations Compared to Projection
Page 83 and 84: 8 Annexes 8.1 Evaluation criteria P
Page 85 and 86: 8.3 Ethics panel The Royal Society
Page 87 and 88: Dr Dan Lunt and Professor Paul Vald
Page 89 and 90: 9 Glossary AOGCMs Acid rain Aerosol
Page 91 and 92: DECC Defra Deontological Detritus D
Page 93: Peatlands Petagram Ppm Typically a
Page 97 and 98: Royal Society policy reports, state
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Royal Society - David Keith

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