Optical properties of photonic crystals - New Jersey Institute of ...

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8 1.1.2 Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals There is a substantial interest in these structures at present. There are many types of two dimensional lattice structures, namely - square lattice, hexagonal lattice, honeycomb lattice, etc. Figure 1.4 Examples of 2D Lattice types with cylinders¹² A two-dimensional gap means that if a wave is incident on the structure from any direction within the same two-dimensional plane as the periodicity of the crystal, then it will always be reflected. This, of course, is limited to a range of frequencies. But quite reasonable band- width (band width = gap width / central gap frequency) can still be achieved. Repetitive rows of periodically spaced cylinders ensure that the two dimensional periodicity holds in only one plane. Therefore, if the incident radiation is restricted to this plane, then for the correct filling ratios and material constants and polarization of the wave, a complete two-dimensional band gap can be observed. Within the two-dimensional plane, it does not matter from which angle the structure is bombarded. Outside the plane, the special periodicity that has been deliberately set up
9 Figure 1.5 Transmission Vs Normalized Frequency for a two-dimensional Lattice Perfect Structure ¹º2 becomes increasingly compromised. Consequently, a marked decrease is seen in the photonic band gap behavior. The graph shown in Fig. 1.5 is for a perfect lattice. There are no spikes in the region where there is normally zero transmission (as in the case of lattices with defects). 1.1.3 Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals Three-dimensional photonic crystals provide three-dimensional gaps. This is to say, any wave from any direction will be completely reflected. The combination of threedimensional photonic crystals and integrated planar antenna technology provides a new exciting approach to a range of advanced efficiency enhanced antenna systems for the
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Warning & Restrictions Th
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT BAND -GAP CHARACTERISTICS
Page 6 and 7: APPROVAL PAGE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF
Page 8 and 9: This Thesis is dedicated to my fami
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 IN
Page 12 and 13: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Str
Page 16 and 17: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 18 and 19: 2 The friction between the photonic
Page 20 and 21: 4 progress towards all-optical inte
Page 22 and 23: As can be seen in Figure 1.2, with
Page 26 and 27: 10 future. They may provide a novel
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICAN
Page 30 and 31: 14 transfer and computing. Applicat
Page 32 and 33: 16 Chigrin and Lavrinenko in collab
Page 34 and 35: 18 component of the wave vector rem
Page 36 and 37: 20 2.2.1 Transfer Matrix Method The
Page 38 and 39: Figure 2-3 Structure of a 2D photon
Page 40 and 41: 24 enhancing the efficiency of lase
Page 42 and 43: 26 Figure 2-6 A perfect waveguide i
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICAL P
Page 46 and 47: 30 the square of its amplitude--i.e
Page 48 and 49: 32 3.2 Control of Properties of Mat
Page 50 and 51: 34 Figure 3.3 Spontaneous-emission
Page 52 and 53: 36 current it generated. But the fi
Page 54 and 55: 38 be used in a solar cell, generat
Page 56 and 57: 40 4.1.3 Spectral Range The spectra
Page 58 and 59: 42 beyond the scope of MultiRad. Th
Page 60 and 61: 44 c. It considers only Silicon as
Page 62 and 63: Figure 5.1 Schematic of bench top e
Page 64 and 65: 48 radiative properties of interest
Page 66 and 67: 50 The final structure of the 3D cr
Page 68 and 69: 52 The wafers are then planarized b
Page 70 and 71: 54 Fig 6.2 Block diagram showing di
Page 72 and 73: 56 decreases to a minimum in a cert
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58 only be carried in one dimension
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Figure 6.9 Simulated transmission t
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62 Fig 6.10 Transmission spectra fo
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64 Figure 6.11(b) Transmission spec
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66 As can be seen from the above ta
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Fig 6.14 Simulated reflectance spec
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Fig 6.16 Simulated transmittance sp
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72 7.2 Recommendations Much of the
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1.4 54.9 58.3 44.6 64.1 1.5 62.4 70
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11.2 60.3 64 53.8 48.2 11.3 59.7 62
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APPENDIX A2 RAW DATA This appendix
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APPENDIX A2 (CONTINUED) 80 0.232 5.
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APPENDIX A2 (CONTINUED) 8Z 0.221 2.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] E. Yablonovitch, "
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96 [25] G. E. Jellison, F. A. Modin
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