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16 Chigrin and Lavrinenko in collaboration with the Institute of Molecular and — Atomic Physics, Belarus National Academy of Sciences, have found out that under certain conditions, a one-dimensional photonic crystal can exhibit total reflection for all incident angles and any polarization^16. A one-dimensional photonic crystal is a wellknown dielectric mirror consisting of alternating layers with low and high indices of refraction. In contrast to the 3D microstructures, 1D dielectric lattices are unique. Using modern technology, it is possible to produce Figure 2.1 Structure of the 3D photonic crystal fabricated at Sandia" the desired wavelength-scale for various applications. An inexpensive alternative possibility to control the propagation of light in applications such as optical communications becomes viable. At optical frequencies, all-dielectric thin-film
17 omnidirectional totally reflecting mirrors can be used as enclosure coatings for high finesse microcavities, where lossy metallic mirrors cannot be used. Many other applications that can benefit from these capabilities open up. Among these are frequency filters, microwave antenna substrates, enclosure coatings of waveguides, etc. Figure 2.2 The photonic band structure for a typical 1D photonic crystal s The photonic band structure for a typical 1D photonic crystal is shown in Fig. 2.2 for TE and TM waves, respectively. The main feature of all 1D photonic crystals is that although forbidden gaps exist for most given values of the tangential component of the wave vector, there is not an absolute nor complete photonic band gap if all possible values of the tangential component of the wave vector are considered^ 17. However, when a plane electromagnetic wave illuminates a 1D semi-infinite photonic crystal, the tangential
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Warning & Restrictions Th
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT BAND -GAP CHARACTERISTICS
Page 6 and 7: APPROVAL PAGE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF
Page 8 and 9: This Thesis is dedicated to my fami
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 IN
Page 12 and 13: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Str
Page 16 and 17: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 18 and 19: 2 The friction between the photonic
Page 20 and 21: 4 progress towards all-optical inte
Page 22 and 23: As can be seen in Figure 1.2, with
Page 24 and 25: 8 1.1.2 Two Dimensional Photonic Cr
Page 26 and 27: 10 future. They may provide a novel
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICAN
Page 30 and 31: 14 transfer and computing. Applicat
Page 34 and 35: 18 component of the wave vector rem
Page 36 and 37: 20 2.2.1 Transfer Matrix Method The
Page 38 and 39: Figure 2-3 Structure of a 2D photon
Page 40 and 41: 24 enhancing the efficiency of lase
Page 42 and 43: 26 Figure 2-6 A perfect waveguide i
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICAL P
Page 46 and 47: 30 the square of its amplitude--i.e
Page 48 and 49: 32 3.2 Control of Properties of Mat
Page 50 and 51: 34 Figure 3.3 Spontaneous-emission
Page 52 and 53: 36 current it generated. But the fi
Page 54 and 55: 38 be used in a solar cell, generat
Page 56 and 57: 40 4.1.3 Spectral Range The spectra
Page 58 and 59: 42 beyond the scope of MultiRad. Th
Page 60 and 61: 44 c. It considers only Silicon as
Page 62 and 63: Figure 5.1 Schematic of bench top e
Page 64 and 65: 48 radiative properties of interest
Page 66 and 67: 50 The final structure of the 3D cr
Page 68 and 69: 52 The wafers are then planarized b
Page 70 and 71: 54 Fig 6.2 Block diagram showing di
Page 72 and 73: 56 decreases to a minimum in a cert
Page 74 and 75: 58 only be carried in one dimension
Page 76 and 77: Figure 6.9 Simulated transmission t
Page 78 and 79: 62 Fig 6.10 Transmission spectra fo
Page 80 and 81: 64 Figure 6.11(b) Transmission spec
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66 As can be seen from the above ta
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Fig 6.14 Simulated reflectance spec
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Fig 6.16 Simulated transmittance sp
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72 7.2 Recommendations Much of the
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1.4 54.9 58.3 44.6 64.1 1.5 62.4 70
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11.2 60.3 64 53.8 48.2 11.3 59.7 62
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APPENDIX A2 RAW DATA This appendix
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APPENDIX A2 (CONTINUED) 80 0.232 5.
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APPENDIX A2 (CONTINUED) 8Z 0.221 2.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] E. Yablonovitch, "
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96 [25] G. E. Jellison, F. A. Modin
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