Optical properties of photonic crystals - New Jersey Institute of ...

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Figure 2-3 Structure of a 2D photonic crystal ^25 Photonic crystal waveguides operate on a different principle. A linear defect is created in the crystal, which supports a mode that is in the band gap. This mode is forbidden from propagating in the bulk crystal because of the band gap. (That is, waveguides operate in a manner similar to resonant cavities, except that they are line defects rather than point defects). When a bend is created in the waveguide, it is impossible for light to escape (since it cannot propagate in the bulk crystal). The
23 Figure 2-4 Electric filed in a waveguide exhibiting 100% transmission 25 only possible problem is that of reflection. However, the problem can be analyzed in a manner similar to one-dimensional resonant tunneling in quantum mechanics, and it turns out to be possible to get 100% transmission. The above fig. 2.4 depicts the electric field in a waveguide bend exhibiting 100% transmission. 2.5 Resonant Cavities in Photonic Crystals When a point defect is created in a photonic crystal, it is possible for that defect to pull a light mode into the band gap 26. Because such a state is forbidden from propagating in the bulk crystal, it is trapped. The mode decays exponentially into the bulk. Such a point defect, or resonant cavity, can be utilized to produce many important effects. For example, it can be coupled with a pair of waveguides to produce a very sharp filter (through resonant tunneling). Point defects are at the heart of many other photonic crystal devices, such as channel drop filters. Another application of resonant cavities is
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Warning & Restrictions Th
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT BAND -GAP CHARACTERISTICS
Page 6 and 7: APPROVAL PAGE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF
Page 8 and 9: This Thesis is dedicated to my fami
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 IN
Page 12 and 13: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Str
Page 16 and 17: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 18 and 19: 2 The friction between the photonic
Page 20 and 21: 4 progress towards all-optical inte
Page 22 and 23: As can be seen in Figure 1.2, with
Page 24 and 25: 8 1.1.2 Two Dimensional Photonic Cr
Page 26 and 27: 10 future. They may provide a novel
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICAN
Page 30 and 31: 14 transfer and computing. Applicat
Page 32 and 33: 16 Chigrin and Lavrinenko in collab
Page 34 and 35: 18 component of the wave vector rem
Page 36 and 37: 20 2.2.1 Transfer Matrix Method The
Page 40 and 41: 24 enhancing the efficiency of lase
Page 42 and 43: 26 Figure 2-6 A perfect waveguide i
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICAL P
Page 46 and 47: 30 the square of its amplitude--i.e
Page 48 and 49: 32 3.2 Control of Properties of Mat
Page 50 and 51: 34 Figure 3.3 Spontaneous-emission
Page 52 and 53: 36 current it generated. But the fi
Page 54 and 55: 38 be used in a solar cell, generat
Page 56 and 57: 40 4.1.3 Spectral Range The spectra
Page 58 and 59: 42 beyond the scope of MultiRad. Th
Page 60 and 61: 44 c. It considers only Silicon as
Page 62 and 63: Figure 5.1 Schematic of bench top e
Page 64 and 65: 48 radiative properties of interest
Page 66 and 67: 50 The final structure of the 3D cr
Page 68 and 69: 52 The wafers are then planarized b
Page 70 and 71: 54 Fig 6.2 Block diagram showing di
Page 72 and 73: 56 decreases to a minimum in a cert
Page 74 and 75: 58 only be carried in one dimension
Page 76 and 77: Figure 6.9 Simulated transmission t
Page 78 and 79: 62 Fig 6.10 Transmission spectra fo
Page 80 and 81: 64 Figure 6.11(b) Transmission spec
Page 82 and 83: 66 As can be seen from the above ta
Page 84 and 85: Fig 6.14 Simulated reflectance spec
Page 86 and 87: Fig 6.16 Simulated transmittance sp
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72 7.2 Recommendations Much of the
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1.4 54.9 58.3 44.6 64.1 1.5 62.4 70
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11.2 60.3 64 53.8 48.2 11.3 59.7 62
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APPENDIX A2 RAW DATA This appendix
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APPENDIX A2 (CONTINUED) 80 0.232 5.
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APPENDIX A2 (CONTINUED) 8Z 0.221 2.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] E. Yablonovitch, "
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96 [25] G. E. Jellison, F. A. Modin
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