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mechanicalSOLUTIONS like external particulates, will generally cause the oil to darken. Shaft surface finish plays a critical role in controlling the amount of wear developed during starts and stops. Minor scoring, pitting, or sharp edges on the shaft should be smoothed out as much as possible. For most applications, shafts should have a surface finish of 32 micro in. or better. Iron wear particles may also be generated in the contact areas between the bearing housing and liner. A minor amount of constructive wear in these areas can be expected when a new housing or liner is installed and the new surfaces mate or “seat” together. However, if the liner is not clamped securely in the housing, or if there is vibration in the system, the contact surfaces can begin to abnormally wear or fret and produce iron particulates. A visual inspection of these contact areas Oil film bearings can be found in just about every type of industrial environment and are therefore exposed to countless forms of contaminates. Courtesy: Baldor for wear should be performed during routine maintenance to rule out this source of contaminates. Oil rings and seals are other sources of internally generated wear. Oil rings, usually made of bronze, rest freely on the shaft and can rub against the oil ring grooves and produce copper and tin particles. However, during operation, oil rings are continuously coated in oil and should not cause significant wear. Shaft seals come in many different configurations and materials including aluminum and nitrile elastomer. A well-designed shaft seal, if properly installed and maintained, should not generate significant amounts of wear particles. One last source of internal particulate contamination is actually from new oil. Studies have been conducted to show that new oil can contain a large quantity and wide variety of contaminates ranging from metallic wear particles to large organic debris. It is a good practice to filter the oil using a 10 µm, or finer, filter before ever pouring it into the bearing. If a circulating oil system is to be used, then the standard practice is to filter the new oil with a finer filter than the filter used in the circulating oil system. DEMANDING ENVIRONMENTS DEMAND Rig-A-Lite has been the leader in rugged and innovative lighting solutions for nearly 75 years. Engineered specifically for the worlds most demanding environments, Rig- A-Lite provides illumination plus protection from high-pressure hose down, corrosives, temperature extremes, severe vibration, explosive elements, and other severe and hazardous location challenges. The world’s most demanding environments demand RIG-A-LITE. TEL 713.943.0340 FAX 713.943.8354 www.rigalite.com input #43 at www.plantengineering.com/information
Liquids Liquid contaminates are simply contaminates in the liquid state. The most common liquid contaminate in oil film bearings is water. Water or water vapor, just like external particulates, may enter the bearing through the clearances around the shaft seals and migrate into the oil. The presence of water in oil will make it appear cloudy or milky in appearance. Water has many harmful effects in bearings including rust/corrosion, accelerated oil oxidation, depletion of oil additives, and dilution of oil viscosity properties. Too much water can degrade the oil properties to a point to which the oil film will not develop at all. For these reasons, it is recommended to keep the water content less than 500 ppm (1,000 ppm maximum). Other forms of liquid contaminates can be cleaners, lubricants, assembly chemicals, assembly greases, process chemicals, and detergents. These can cause a wide range of oil discolorations and changes in chemical composition. Care should be taken to prevent these contaminates from entering the bearing, and extra precautions should be in place to ensure that oils are not mixed during installation or during routine oil checks/refills. The same oil used for lubrication (during operation) should also be used for cleaning and assembling. Simply knowing the color of the correct oil is an important step in preventing and identifying this type of contamination. Oxidation Oil oxidation is one last source of oil discoloration. Oil oxidation is a process of chemical degradation that naturally occurs in oil over time when it is exposed to air. Some of its by-products are sludge, varnish, and acid, which cause the oil to thicken and darken. Higher temperatures (above 160 F for mineral oils) accelerate oxidation, as well as other contaminates such as water, iron, and copper. Synthetic oils are available which have better oxidation resistance than conventional INTERACT www.plantengineering.com/interact Q: How often are you checking on the oil quality for your systems How often SHOULD you check it oils and can be considered to extend oil change intervals. Oil analysis There are many types of oil analysis tests available today. The most informative tests for oil film bearings show oil viscosity, water content, total acid number (oxidation indicator), and parts per million for each contaminate type. Due to reasons described previously, some input #44 at www.plantengineering.com/information
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