Growing Poplar and Willow Trees on Farms, National - FAO

CONTENTS
1 <strong>Poplar</strong>s <strong>and</strong> <strong>Willow</strong>s in New Zeal<strong>and</strong> ..................................7
1.1 Species attributes.................................................................8
Attributes of poplars <strong>and</strong> willows ........................................8
Natural occurrence ..............................................................9
1.2 <strong>Poplar</strong> clones for New Zeal<strong>and</strong> situations ..........................10
Available poplar clones .....................................................11
1.3 <strong>Willow</strong> clones for New Zeal<strong>and</strong> situations.........................15
Available willow clones ....................................................16
Tree willows................................................................16
Uses ............................................................................17
Osier willows ..............................................................18
2 Establishing <strong>Poplar</strong>s <strong>and</strong> <strong>Willow</strong>s......................................21
2.1 Identifying the l<strong>and</strong>forms...................................................21
Planting regimes for different l<strong>and</strong>forms............................21
Gully planting....................................................................23
Shallow slip planting .........................................................24
Earthflow planting.............................................................25
2.2 Pre-planting preparations...................................................25
2.3 Planting poles....................................................................27
Propagating on-farm material ............................................29
2.4 Establishment tools............................................................30
2.5 Pole protection during establishment .................................30
2.6 Browse blocks ...................................................................32
2.7 Coppice blocks..................................................................34
3 Managing <strong>Poplar</strong>s <strong>and</strong> <strong>Willow</strong>s .........................................37
3.1 Pruning equipment ............................................................38
3.2 Sleeve removal..................................................................39
3.3 Form-pruning poplar for timber .........................................40
3.4 Coppicing for effluent management / fodder......................41
3.5 Pollarding for supplementary fodder..................................43
Different willow <strong>and</strong> poplar types as fodder trees ..............44
Managing browse blocks ...................................................45
3.6 <strong>Poplar</strong> management ...........................................................46
3