Growing Poplar and Willow Trees on Farms, National - FAO

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CONTENTS 1 <strong>Poplar</strong>s <strong>and</strong> <strong>Willow</strong>s in New Zeal<strong>and</strong> ..................................7 1.1 Species attributes.................................................................8 Attributes of poplars <strong>and</strong> willows ........................................8 Natural occurrence ..............................................................9 1.2 <strong>Poplar</strong> clones for New Zeal<strong>and</strong> situations ..........................10 Available poplar clones .....................................................11 1.3 <strong>Willow</strong> clones for New Zeal<strong>and</strong> situations.........................15 Available willow clones ....................................................16 Tree willows................................................................16 Uses ............................................................................17 Osier willows ..............................................................18 2 Establishing <strong>Poplar</strong>s <strong>and</strong> <strong>Willow</strong>s......................................21 2.1 Identifying the l<strong>and</strong>forms...................................................21 Planting regimes for different l<strong>and</strong>forms............................21 Gully planting....................................................................23 Shallow slip planting .........................................................24 Earthflow planting.............................................................25 2.2 Pre-planting preparations...................................................25 2.3 Planting poles....................................................................27 Propagating on-farm material ............................................29 2.4 Establishment tools............................................................30 2.5 Pole protection during establishment .................................30 2.6 Browse blocks ...................................................................32 2.7 Coppice blocks..................................................................34 3 Managing <strong>Poplar</strong>s <strong>and</strong> <strong>Willow</strong>s .........................................37 3.1 Pruning equipment ............................................................38 3.2 Sleeve removal..................................................................39 3.3 Form-pruning poplar for timber .........................................40 3.4 Coppicing for effluent management / fodder......................41 3.5 Pollarding for supplementary fodder..................................43 Different willow <strong>and</strong> poplar types as fodder trees ..............44 Managing browse blocks ...................................................45 3.6 <strong>Poplar</strong> management ...........................................................46 3
Replacement planting <strong>and</strong> management .............................46 Pruning poplars for timber.................................................47 Managing a poplar shelterbelt............................................48 3.7 <strong>Willow</strong> management..........................................................48 3.8 Dealing with unwanted old trees........................................49 Herbicide use.....................................................................51 Latest research results........................................................51 4 Risk Management..............................................................59 4.1 Safety issues......................................................................59 4.2 Diseases ............................................................................60 <strong>Poplar</strong> diseases ..................................................................60 <strong>Willow</strong> diseases.................................................................61 4.3 Pests..................................................................................62 Possums ............................................................................62 <strong>Willow</strong> sawfly ...................................................................62 Other pests ........................................................................64 5 Cost-benefit analysis of tree fodder....................................65 5.1 Pollarded poplars...............................................................65 5.2 Browse willows for sheep grazing .....................................67 5.3 <strong>Willow</strong>s for dairy effluent uptake <strong>and</strong> forage .....................67 6 Glossary of terminology ....................................................69 7 Further information ...........................................................71 4
Page 1 and 2: Growing Po
Page 6: Introduction Millions of poplars <s
Page 9 and 10: was reported growing in Marlborough
Page 11 and 12: soils and desert a
Page 13 and 14: Eridano (P. deltoides × maximowicz
Page 15 and 16: ‘Crowsnest’), but are darker gr
Page 17 and 18: Available willow clones Tree willow
Page 19 and 20: managed to avoid heavy side-branchi
Page 22 and 23: 2 Establishing Poplar</stro
Page 24 and 25: The other steps to take before tree
Page 26 and 27: preventative for further slipping.
Page 28 and 29: 2.3 Planting poles Essentials of po
Page 30 and 31: Propagating on-farm material On the
Page 32 and 33: locks with newly planted poles, eve
Page 34 and 35: For converting a wet area to a brow
Page 36 and 37: systems; either as vegetation to be
Page 38 and 39: 3 Managing Poplars
Page 40 and 41: Use the right equipment Experienced
Page 42 and 43: egrowth from the trunk each year. A
Page 44 and 45: They were also stationary. Risers a
Page 46 and 47: Managing browse blocks These are hi
Page 48 and 49: At the tenth year following plantin
Page 50 and 51: limb growth, leading to breakout <s
Page 52 and 53: Herbicide use There are numerous la
Page 54 and 55:
Timing Treatment earlier in the gro
Page 56 and 57:
treatment so proceed cautiously <st
Page 58:
What about roots thicker than 10 mm
Page 61 and 62:
Create a ‘pruning nest’ A tree
Page 63 and 64:
4.3 Pests Possums There can be nume
Page 65 and 66:
adult is reluctant to lay eggs on t
Page 67 and 68:
lock without trees because a reason
Page 69 and 70:
established, the annual growth of e
Page 72 and 73:
7 Further information Public librar
Page 74:
Guidelines to help land</st
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Growing Poplar and Willow Trees on Farms, National - FAO

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