Energy - IUCN

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3. Key Institutions and Initiatives 21 3.1. Government Institutions 21 3.1.1. Northern Areas Public Works Department 21 3.1.2. Water and Power Development Authority 21 3.2. NGOs 22 3.2.1. Aga Khan Rural Support Programme 22 4. Issues and Trends 25 4.1. Issues 25 4.1.1. Inadequate Electricity Infrastructure 25 4.1.2. Inadequate Electricity Coverage 25 4.1.3. Insufficient and Unreliable Electricity Supplies 25 4.1.4. Insufficient Investment in the Energy Sector 26 4.1.5. The Environmental Impacts of Fuelwood and Other Alternative Energy Sources 26 4.1.6. Insufficient Use of Environmental Assessment Procedures 27 4.2. Trends 28 4.2.1. The Growing Demand for Energy 28 5. The Way Ahead 29 5.1. Develop and Implement a Northern Areas Energy Policy 29 5.2. Promote Institutional Development and Capacity Building 29 5.3. Introduce New Financial and Cost Recovery Mechanisms 30 5.4. Carefully Expand the Supply of Hydroelectricity 31 5.5. Encourage Private Sector Investment 32 5.6. Strengthen Environmental and Social Safeguards 33 5.7. Develop and Implement an Energy Conservation Strategy 33 5.8. Increase the Supply of Cultivated Fuelwood 34 5.9. Promote other Forms of Renewable Energy 34 iv 6. Demand Forecast 35 6.1. Basis of Power Demand 35 6.1.1. Load Centres 35 6.1.2. Autonomous Load 36 6.2. Determination of Parameters 37 6.2.1. Analysis 37 6.2.2. Electrification Co-Efficient 39 6.2.3. Annual Consumption Per Consumer 40 6.2.4. Unit Consumption of Domestic Customers 40 6.2.5. Unit Demand of Commercial Consumers 40 6.2.6. Unit Demand for Public Services 41 6.2.7. Unit Consumption of Industrial Units 41 6.2.8. System Losses 42 6.2.9. Annual Load Factor and Hours of Utilization 42 6.3. Models Used and Their Technical Operation 43 6.3.1. Model for Elaboration of Autonomous Load 43 6.3.2. Promoted Load 43
7. Options For Action 45 7.1. Renewable Sources of Energy 45 7.2. Energy Conservation Strategy 46 Annex I: Hydel Power Generation 49 Annex II: Power Supply and Demand (MW) 53 Annex III: Intermediate Demands Forecast (Mw) 55 Annex IV: Regional Power Demand Forecasts (MW) 57 v
Page 1: IUCN Pakistan Programme Northern Ar
Page 4 and 5: The designation of geographical ent
Page 8 and 9: LIST OF ACRONYMS vi AKRSP AKDN AKCS
Page 10 and 11: environment; and cultural heritage
Page 12 and 13: months of start. Constant and unifo
Page 14 and 15: 9. Government alone cannot implemen
Page 16 and 17: xiv
Page 18 and 19: 1.3. Population Population concentr
Page 20 and 21: north. The region included 11 villa
Page 22 and 23: (NATCO) is an organization that pro
Page 24 and 25: 1.5.5. Occupational Level The surve
Page 26 and 27: 10 1.5.12.Tourism The Northern Area
Page 28 and 29: Tables 14-16 show fuel usage by com
Page 30 and 31: that each household in the high alt
Page 32 and 33: Table 10: Transmission Losses in El
Page 34 and 35: Table 14: Monthly Energy Consumptio
Page 37 and 38: 3. KEY INSTITUTIONS AND INITIATIVES
Page 39: are extreme failures and have becom
Page 42 and 43: In an effort to meet their needs fo
Page 44 and 45: 4.2. Trends 4.2.1. The Growing Dema
Page 46 and 47: early eighties when the number of p
Page 48 and 49: Northern Areas, and that the other
Page 50 and 51: m m heating; and the increased use
Page 52 and 53: 6.1.1.2. Field Investigation Inform
Page 54 and 55: elating to NA were consulted. Popul
Page 56 and 57:
6.2.3. Annual Consumption Per Consu
Page 58 and 59:
A list of industrial establishments
Page 60 and 61:
Table 27: Population in Northern Ar
Page 62 and 63:
"Generate sufficient energy by esta
Page 65 and 66:
ANNEX I: HYDEL POWER GENERATION 1.
Page 67 and 68:
Region Location of Installed Year o
Page 69:
ANNEX II: POWER SUPPLY AND DEMAND (
Page 73 and 74:
ANNEX IV: REGIONAL POWER DEMAND FOR
Page 75 and 76:
Ghasho 28 160 257 82 142 219 74 124
Page 77 and 78:
8. Demand Forecast For Region 7 - S
Page 79 and 80:
12. Demand Forecast For Region 11 -
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