Byron Flora and Fauna Study 1999 - Byron Shire Council

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BYRON FLORA AND FAUNA STUDY, 1999 Table 5.7 Summary of records of TSC Act scheduled flora species Species Conservation Representation codes in the Shire Threats Other/comments Knoxia sumatrensis X 1 • Historical record, presumed extinct Acronychia littoralis E 3ECi 9 BROK, •• • ••• BH,B Austromyrtus fragrantissima E 3EC- 3EC- 9 •• ••• • Calophanoides hygrophiloides E 1 BH • Choricarpia subargentea E 3RC- 3RC- 6 •• •• Cynanchum elegans E 3ECi 3ECi 0 BH • Davidsonia pruriens E 2ECi 2ECi 50 BH, •• ••••• • var. jerseyana TSCA ROTAP (NSW) ROTAP (National) No. records in study area BROK Davidsonia sp. A E 2ECi 2ECi 9 SG •• •••• • Diospyros mabacea E 2ECi 2ECi 2 •• • Diploglottis campbellii E 2E 2EC 2 •• ••• • Drynaria rigidula E 3 •• • Elaeocarpus sp. 2 ‘Minyon’ E 2E 2E 0 SG N •••• • Elaeocarpus williamsianus E 2ECi 2ECi 3 IP • • • • • • • Endiandra floydii E 2VC- 2VC- 14 BH • • • • • • • Endiandra muelleri E 20 •• • subsp. bracteata Isoglossa eranthemoides E 2E 2E 5 IP •• limited survey effort Marsdenia longiloba E 3RC- 1 WW ••• Ochrosia moorei E 2ECi 6 SG,JS, WW •• • Phaius australis E 3VCa 3VCa 5 •• ••••• Randia moorei E 3ECi 8 BH,BROK •• Sauropus albiflorus E 7 •• •• subsp. microcladus Uromyrtus australis E 2ECi 2ECi 0 MJ,NC N,WW •• Amorphospermum whitei V 3RCa 3RCa 14 SG,BH, WW •••••• • BROK,MJ Bosistoa selwynii V 0 IP WW •• • Bosistoa transversa V 1 IP •• • Nati. Parks, Nature Res. Corokia whiteana V 2VCi 2 MJ,T, N •••• • NC Cryptocarya foetida V 3VCi 3VCi 28 IP,BH, •• • ••• T, BROK Desmodium acanthocladum V 2VC- 2VC- 9 JS •• •• flooding, streambank erosion Endiandra hayesii V 3VC- 3VC- 16 SG, BROK, N, •••••• • IP WW,G Floydia praealta V 3VC- 3VC- 15 HH, • • • • • • • BROK,JS Fontainea australis V 3VCi 3VCi 2 •• Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia E 3RC- 3RC- 33 SG,IP WW • • • • • • • Macadamia tetraphylla V 2VC- 2VC- 26 IP,HH WW,G •• ••••• • genetic mixing with plantations Owenia cepiodora V 2VCi 2VCi 3 HH • • • • Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii V 3VC- 3VC- 1 IP • • • • Symplocos baeuerlenii V 2VC- 2VC- 1 MJ,SG N,WW •••• • Syzygium hodgkinsoniae V 3VC- 3VC- 44 SG,BH, N,WW, • • • • • stream bank erosion BROK,JS, State Forests G past habitat clearing & frag. low numbers forestry fire grazing weeds collection development/roads cyclones, storms poor dispersal/regen. failure IP,MJ • • • • • • stream bank erosion Syzygium moorei V 2VCi 2VCi 75 IP,BH,T, Tinospora tinosporoides V 3RC- 3RC- 31 JS,NC, N,WW, BROK • • • • HH,MJ Key National Parks/Nature Reserve codes: B: Billinudgel NR, BH: Brunswick Heads NR, BROK: Broken Head NR, HH: Hayters Hill NR, IP: Inner Pocket NR, JS: Andrew Johnston Big Scrub NR, MJ: Mt Jerusalem NP, NC: Nightcap NP, SG: Snows Gully NR, T: Tyagarah NR State Forest codes: G: Goonengerry SF (now Goonengerry NP), N: Nullum SF (now Mt Jerusalem NP), WW: Whian Whian SF (most now Nightcap NP) 71
A GREENPRINT FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 5.5.4 Threats Threats to Threatened species are summarised in Table 5.7. Almost all species have been affected by past habitat clearing and fragmentation. Any further clearing or habitat dissection will increase the extent of threats. The number of individual plants is reduced, interactions between isolated patches alter or cease, and the likelihood of colonisation of new habitat is reduced. The trend should be reversed by revegetation, habitat expansion and reconnection (Section 7.2). When population numbers are low, the risk that chance events will reduce numbers to a critical level is high. Sparse distribution makes interaction such as pollination less effective. In addition, the loss of genetic variation through stochastic events and the deleterious effects of inbreeding in small populations are major threats to the maintenance of long-term viability of small populations. A small number of species are locally common yet are regarded as Threatened because their distribution is so restricted (Red Lilly Pilly, Durobby, Red Boppel Nut). It is essential that good populations are maintained here in the core of their distribution. Most others are present in very low numbers, and hence are especially vulnerable to the effects of chance events as well as other more predictable threats. Many individuals of Threatened species are damaged by grazing, and require fencing for protection from stock. Environmental weeds are a major threat affecting almost all Threatened species. Plants growing in fragmented and regrowth habitat and riparian zones are especially vulnerable. Weed management and habitat rehabilitation is required (Section 7.3). A further group of plants is threatened by regeneration failure coupled with an inability to disperse seeds effectively. Species that do not regenerate may persist for many years, especially in the case of long-lived rainforest trees, before senescence results in a sudden drop in population numbers. Janzen (1986) has termed these species ‘ecologically extinct’. Smothering weeds and isolation from regeneration sites can be causes of regeneration failure, but other causes are intrinsic to the ecology of the species. Smooth Davidsonia and Hairy Quandong are species that never or rarely reproduce by seed and rely on root suckers. Species with large seeds (Crystal Creek Walnut, Red Boppel Nut and others) are inefficiently dispersed and are unlikely to reach suitable regeneration sites from isolated trees, or to colonize new areas. Habitat rehabilitation and active management is required to effectively conserve these species in the long term. 5.5.5 Conclusion Byron Shire shares with other neighbouring Shires in the region a particularly diverse flora (Section 2.5). Effective protection and management of the large number of species of conservation significance which are found in the study area is essential if local, regional and perhaps national extinction of a section of the flora is to be prevented. Landowners and land managers in the Shire thus have a much greater responsibility than their counterparts in less biologically important parts of the State. Responsibility for the recovery of Threatened flora species rests with the NSW NPWS who are required to prepare Recovery Plans for each species. At present, Recovery Plans have been prepared for only a small number of species, though many more are in preparation. Recovery actions should be carried out in accordance with those Plans, and supervised by NSW NPWS or their agents. The recommendations made in this study are not intended to pre-empt official recovery action, and are for general rehabilitation and re-planting measures. Landowners who do not have specific skills in habitat rehabilitation are asked to seek advice before working in the vicinity of Threatened flora species. A licence from NPWS is required in order to ‘pick’ a Threatened flora species, and this includes the collection of fruit and seed for bush food or for propagation. When purchasing plants, it is essential to check that the plants have been legally propagated and are from local genetic stock. 72
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Byron Flora and Fauna Study 1999 - Byron Shire Council

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