5 satisfactory level on civil servant housing - Penerbit UTM

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2 HOUSING AFFORDABILITY: A STUDY ON HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES RATIO ON THE INCOME FOR THE LOWER AND MIDDLE INCOME GROUPS Zilfirhani Zulkifi Ahmad Ariffian Bujang INTRODUCTION Housing is one of the basic needs to every human being other than food and clothing. Housing does not only referred to a shelter but also on the interest and ownership. Housing is very important to everyone whether individually or sharing (Risaudin Mohamed, 2000). We need house to stay in order to protect ourselves from dangerous elements as well as for safety, privacy and personal comfort (Norazmawati Md. Sani el. at, 2006). Many states thought, when the economy is getting better or recovering, the populations can easily buy a house without depending on the government aids. However, because of the increasing of living expenditures and costs affected the population affordability to buy and own a house on their own. It hardly to buy a house below RM100,000 per unit in the current market especially in Johor Bahru. Houses which are below RM100,000 per unit are built for the lower income groups. These types of houses are built for eligible groups only, with the household income less than RM1,500 per month. Based on the Property Market report (2005), the medium cost housing and the
Housing Affordability: A Study on Household Expenditures Ratio on the Income for the Lower and Middle Income Groups 27 single storey terrace houses prices are between RM135, 000 to RM280,000 per unit. Thus, housing affordability issues are very critical and difficult to overcome especially for the lower and medium income groups (Bogdon and Can, 1997). This is because it is difficult to allocate how much should be spent on housing from the gross household income. In other words what is the ratio of the expenditures for housing on gross household income According to Ahmad Ariffian Bujang (2006) the affordability <strong>level</strong> is important for one to buy and own a residential property. DEFINITION AND CONCEPT OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING Ahmad Ariffian Bujang (2006) pointed out, that most of the housing policies especially in the development countries are formulated to allocate affordable housing to the lower income or its targeted group. Thus to give a specific definition on the affordable housing is a difficult task. According to Zabardast (2006), the difficulty to give the definition on affordable housing is because of is generally involved in the ability of a household to get the housing services, while specifically it involves the relationship between household income and the price or rental. Usually a household does not spend its income more than 30 percent on housing. Affordable housing <strong>level</strong> is the ratio of the monthly loan payment on the income, in which is at the rate of 30 percent from the household monthly income. Thus, the definition and concept of the affordable housing is measured by the income and expenditures of a household to pay for the price or rental of a house. The expenses allocated for buying a house is 30 percent of the household monthly income. (Ahmad Ariffian Bujang, 2006) Affordable housing is referred to the ability of a household pays for a house. Norazmawati Md. Sani el. at. (2006) stated that affordable housing concept pertains to the amount of income needed to pay for the house and other household expenditures. It is
Page 4 and 5: First Edition 2008 © SHAHABUDIN AB
Page 6 and 7: vi Contents Chapter 5 Satisfactory
Page 8 and 9: viii Preface We hope this book will
Page 10 and 11: 2 Sustaining Housing Market and Dev
Page 18 and 19: 10 Sustaining Housing Market and De
Page 50 and 51: 3 INVOLVEMENT OF CO-OPERATIVE IN SO
Page 70 and 71: 4 ROLE OF LOCAL AUTHORITY IN PROVID
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76 Sustaining Housing Market and De
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88 Bigger Living Hall Size Bigger K
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6 GATED COMMUNITIES IN JOHOR BAHRU
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100 Sustaining Housing Market and D
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8 INFLUENCES OF FINANCING FACILITIE
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9 SIGNIFICANCE OF EIA AND DPR IN TH
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INDEX Accommodation, 113, 121 Act 1
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168 186, 192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 1
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5 satisfactory level on civil servant housing - Penerbit UTM

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