Volume 6, Number 4, December, 1998 - Noise News International

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already exist. However, they still need to be transposed into machine-specific standards. If this were done, it would be possible for manufacturers of, for example, grinding wheels to specify the reduction in noise emission which could be achieved using low-noise grinding wheels compared with a reference value under representative operating conditions. Although some machine-specific safety standards already contain sound measuring methods, emission value ranges and acoustic levels in the sense of attainable values are not yet included, except perhaps in isolated cases. There is, therefore, a considerable need for improvements with regard to both quantity (number of machine groups covered) and quality (inclusion of noise measurement methods, reduction measures, emission value ranges, achievable reductions) in machine-specific safety standards. Need for Standardization for Sound Insulation Products Sound insulation products (enclosures, sound absorbers, partial enclosures, noise screens) should be used both for noise reduction at the source (machines, operating procedures) and, during transmission, in work rooms and, in some cases, also at the workplace (booths, hearing protectors). Standards for measuring sound-absorbing properties (insertion loss) exist at the national and international levels. Design information on the application of sound insulation products is provided in some standards (EN ISO 11546-1,19 EN ISO 11546-2,19 EN ISO 11820,1° EN ISO 11821,11 EN ISO 11691 22). Whether or not a sound insulation product reduces the noise level sufficiently can only be assessed for specific machinery or areas of industry. There is a corresponding need for standardization in this area. Need for Standardization for Buildings and Work Rooms Sound insulation of and in buildings only plays a role in occupational health and safety in so far as loud areas (production) should be kept separate from quiet areas (foreman's office, offices, etc.). Existing standardization is essentially sufficient for this (VDI 2569,13 DIN 4109,24 ISO 9241_6 25). The acoustic quality of rooms is assessed on the basis of background noise and sound propagation (reverberation time) ~EN ISO 11690-1, VDI 3760, VDI 2569, VDI 2719 6). National and international framework work standards for measuring these sound propagation parameters already exist (VDI 3760, ISO 14257 27 ) . Need for Standardization for Workplaces Ifnoise parameters for individual work system elements and individual noise control stages are available, then it is possible to estimate noise immission at the workplace. The appropriate national and international framework standards already exist. Current standards can only take account of the mean noise measurements ofa workroom; calculation of noise immission at individual points is still relatively inaccurate. Also required in standards are calculation methods which allow account to be taken of machine dimensions, the location of partial sound sources and individual design features, e.g., the individual shadow effect of noise screens, large machines or dividing panels. Only framework standards (EN ISO 11690-1 and -2) currently exist for the design of low-noise workplaces. It is, however, well known that occupational safety experts are often unable to apply framework standards to specific industries. It is therefore very helpful that some VDI guidelines include information about realizable noise reductions and other data relevant to particular machine types or sectors. Summary Noise control is effectively supported by the existing standardization concept. The standardization concept aims to describe and assess the individual work system elements by defining certain noise parameters. Standards for machines, sound insulation products, workrooms and workplaces already exist. New standards are only required in a few cases. However, the quality of existing standards, especially that of safety standards specific to certain types of machinery, is not always adequate. In order to increase the quality of standards specific to machinery it is necessary to eliminate deficiencies and to improve standards during revision. This can only be achieved through effective cooperation between manufacturers, users and acoustical experts within European technical committees specific to machinery (CEN, CENELEC) on the one hand and acoustics bodies/committees at the national and European levels on the other. If improved machine-specific standards are to have a positive effect on occupational health and safety, they must contain simple, practicable methods of determining noise emissions, including typical operating conditions, and describe typical real noise emission values. Internet Sites The following sites on the Internet may be of interest to readers of this article: ISO: http://iso.ch EU: http://europa.eu.int CEN: http://cennorm.be CENELEC: http://cenelec.be VDI: http://www.vdi.de 206 NoiselNews International 1998 December
References 1. Council Directive 89/392/EEC of 14 June 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery. OJ No. L 183,29.6, 1989, p.9. 2. Higginson, R., Jacques, J., and Lang, WW, Directives, Standards, and European Noise Requirements, Noise/News International, 2,156-184,1994. 3. Lazarus et al. (1996), published as KAN report no.8, available free of charge from KAN Secretariat, Alte Heerstrasse iii, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany. 4. NA Akustik Larrnminderung und Schwingungstechnik (Standards Committee for Acoustics, Noise Control and Vibration Technology in OIN and VOl). 5. Engineering Office for Technical Documentation (lTD), Essen, Germany. 6. EN 292-1, Safety of machinery; basic concepts, general principIes for design, part I: basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2, Safety of machinery; basic concepts, general principles for design, part 2: technical principles and specifications. 7 . EN 414: 1992 Safety of machinery; rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards. 8. ISO 3740:1980 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Guidelines for the use of basic standards and for the preparation of noise test codes, ISO 3741: 1988 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Precision methods for broad-band sources in reverberation rooms, ISOIDIS 3741 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Precision methods for reverberation rooms, ISO 3742:1988 Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Precision methods for discrete-frequency and narrow-band sources in reverberation rooms, ISO 3743-1: 1994 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Engineering methods fcr small, movable sources in reverberant fields - Part I: Comparison method for hard-walled test rooms, ISO 3743- ;~: 1994 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods for small, movable sources in reverberant fields - Part 2: Methods for special reverberation rooms, ISO 3744: 1994 Acoustics -- Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane, ISO 3745: 1977 Acoustics - Determinat.nn of sound power levels of noise sources - Precision methods for anechoic and semi-anechoic rooms, ISO 3746:1995 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane, ISO 3747: 1987 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Survey method using a reference sound source, ISOIDIS 3747 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Comparison method for use in situ. 9. ISO 11200: 1995 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment- Guidelines for the use of basic standards for the determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and a: other specified positions. ISO 1120 I :1995 Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions - Engineering method in an essentially free field over reflecting plane, ISO 11202:1995 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions - Survey method in situ, ISO 11203:1995 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level, ISO 11204: 1995 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions - Method requiring environmental corrections. 10. ISO 4871: 1996 Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment. II. ISO 12001: 1996 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Rules for the drafting and presentation of a noise test code. 12. ISOITR 11688-1: 1995 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment - Part I: Planning, ISOITR 11688-2:1998 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design oflow-noise machinery and equipment Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design. 13. ISO 11689: 1996 Acoustics - Procedure for the comparison of noise-emission data for machinery and equipment. 14. ISO 11690-1: 1996 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise workplaces containing machinery - Part I: Noise control strategies, ISO 11690-2: 1996 Acoustics-Recommended practice for the design of low-noise workplaces containing machinery - Part 2: Noise control measures, ISOITR 11690-3:1997 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise workplaces containing machinery - Part 3: Sound propagation and noise prediction in workrooms. 15. EN 1746 1998: Safety of machinery - Guidance for the drafting of the noise clauses of safety standards. 16. ED Directive 86/188, Council directive of 1986 May 12, On the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to noise at work. 17. VOl 3760:1996 Guideline of the VOl (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure - Association of German Engineers), Computation and measurement of sound propagation in workrooms. 18. EN 45020: 1993 General terms and their definitions concerning standardization and related activities. Trilingual version. 19. ISO 11546-1: 1995 Acoustics - Determination of sound insulation performances of enclosures - Part I: Measurements under laboratory conditions (for declaration purposes), ISO 11546-2: 1995 Acoustics - Determination of sound insulation performances of enclosures - Part 2: Measurements in situ (for acceptance and verification purposes). 20. ISO 11820: 1996 Acoustics - Measurements on silencers in situ. 21. ISO 11821: 1997 Acoustics - Measurement of the in situ sound attenuation of a removable screen. 22. ISO 11691: 1995 Acoustics - Measurement of insertion loss of ducted silencers without flow - Laboratory survey method. 23. VOl 2569:1990 Sound protection and acoustical design in offices. 24. OIN 4109:1989 Sound insulation in buildings; requirements and testing. 25. ISOIDIS 9241-6, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 6: Guidance on the work environment. 26. VOl 2719: 1987 Sound isolation of windows and their auxiliary equipment. 27. ISO 14257:1997 Acoustics - Measurement and Modelling of spatial sound distribution curves in workrooms in view of the evaluation of the acoustical performance of workrooms. 1998 December NoiselNews International 207
Page 1 and 2: Volume 6, Number 4 1998 December IN
Page 3 and 4: Editorial Stllff G. Maling, Jr., Ma
Page 5 and 6: Anechoic Chambers with EMW lining T
Page 7 and 8: "Finally, an Outdoor Sound Propagat
Page 9 and 10: YOUR NEXT SOUND METER • Workplace
Page 11 and 12: Feature Noise Control Standards for
Page 13 and 14: specify in more detail relevant mea
Page 15: c: o .~ "E f---7""'lf-1I:-i~;J4'.--
Page 19 and 20: Feature Advances in Acoustical Stan
Page 21 and 22: (a) M 4 6:~f=========::::CI~ Fig. 3
Page 23 and 24: Adaptor for Microphone & Preamplifi
Page 25 and 26: the last twenty years and be ready
Page 27 and 28: CONTROL The illustrations in thisfe
Page 29 and 30: Application to machines with connec
Page 31 and 32: Application with a thin screen. Exa
Page 33 and 34: Application with light single walls
Page 35 and 36: European News A. Cops, European Edi
Page 37 and 38: Pan-American News George Maling, Pa
Page 39 and 40: Contest entry forms and other mater
Page 41 and 42: Newly published ISO and IEC Standar
Page 43 and 44: ACOUSTICS ANSI Sl.15-1997-Part 1, M
Page 45 and 46: NNI Directory Organizational and Ed
Page 47 and 48: ~----- REAL TIME ANALYSER APPLICATI
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Page 51 and 52: The BS-112 comes equipped with a 6-
Page 53 and 54: 518584 3754; FAX: +1 5185809525; e-
Page 55 and 56: World Conference Calendar This cale
Page 57 and 58: COLIN GORDON & ASSOCIATES Specializ
Page 59 and 60: The NewMo e 2 Real Tune Analyzer Fe

Volume 6, Number 4, December, 1998 - Noise News International

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