(School’s characteristics) Clean classroom 0,061 (0,013) Clea bathroom -0,017 (0,011) Computer 0,060 (0,012) Director’s Ln wage 0,229 (0,010) Constant 6,886 7,044 5,753 4,047 (0,037) (0,041) (0,157) (0,169) Nº of Observation 11.629 11.629 11.629 11.629 F(k, n-k ) 139,88 142,13 210,34 214,60 Prob > F 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 R-squared 0,245 0,254 0,436 0,477 *Robust standard-errors <strong>in</strong> brackets.
Table 6: Second Stage – Dependent Variable – Student’s proficiency Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6 Year 99 -6,272 (0,345) -9,352 (0,631) -9,086 (0,631) -9,250 (0,626) -7,824 (0,635) -7,028 (0,638) Public -28,597 (0,577) -28,443 (0,580) -25,588 (0,599) -21,470 (0,659) -20,361 (0,664) Year 99 * public 2,893 2,966 1,664 0,759 0,287 (0,734) (0,733) (0,734) (0,744) (0,745) Sciences -1,039 -1,235 -0,868 -0,560 -0,612 -0,723 (0,406) (0,392) (0,397) (0,397) (0,396) (0,396) Portuguese -7,221 -7,347 -7,481 -7,310 -7,357 -7,402 (0,403) (0,391) (0,415) (0,414) (0,413) (0,413) Dummies of states yes yes yes yes yes yes Students Characteristics Boy 6,218 5,595 5,654 5,625 5,598 5,579 (0,340) (0,330) (0,329) (0,329) (0,328) (0,328) Age – 7 -12,454 -8,892 -8,721 -8,567 -8,439 -8,343 (0,666) (0,643) (0,644) (0,643) (0,642) (0,642) (age – 7) 2 0,384 0,258 0,252 0,245 0,242 0,238 (0,032) (0,031) (0,031) (0,031) (0,031) (0,031) White 5,370 3,648 3,611 3,518 3,405 3,415 (0,351) (0,341) (0,341) (0,340) (0,339) (0,339) Mo<strong>the</strong>r’s education = 5,624 5,108 4,883 4,783 4,738 4,678 secondary (0,605) (0,597) (0,595) (0,594) (0,594) (0,594) Mo<strong>the</strong>r’s education = 20,834 13,360 12,806 12,585 12,246 12,101 high school (0,700) (0,695) (0,695) (0,694) (0,693) (0,693) Mo<strong>the</strong>r’s education = 33,677 19,556 18,838 18,042 17,416 17,045 college (0,748) (0,762) (0,763) (0,762) (0,761) (0,761) Failed Before -13,455 -12,084 -12,170 -12,112 -12,057 -12,061 (0,446) (0,432) (0,431) (0,430) (0,430) (0,429) Teachers Characteristics Ln Wage 5,183 4,819 3,970 (0,296) (0,296) (0,304) High School -0,301 2,799 3,118 2,533 (3,239) (3,255) (3,230) (3,223) College -4,907 -2,397 -1,911 -1,523 (0,482) (0,500) (0,499) (0,499) Experience 2,131 1,027 1,159 1,217 >= 6 and = 11 and