Conserving Freshwater and Coastal Resources in a Changing Climate

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Acknowledgements We thank Mark P. Smith (The Nature Conservancy) for his guidance and support throughout this project, as well as his comments on review drafts of this report. We would also like to thank Chris Zganjar (The Nature Conservancy), Rusty Russell (Tufts University), and Becky Saggese (Tufts University) for their guidance and comments on review drafts of this report. In addition we thank Barbara M. Parmenter, (Tufts University) Amanda Fencl (Tufts University), Molly Mead (Tufts University), Justin Hollander (Tufts University), Christopher Mancini (Tufts University), Mary Zagar (Tufts University), David Garrett (DG Communications), and the Union of Concerned Scientists for their contributions to this report. Finally, we would like to thank all interviewees for their generous and thoughtful contributions to this report. Cover photos: Harold E. Malda (Top left and right), Stephen G Make (Top center), Alan W. Eckert Middle) i Conserving Freshwater and Coastal Resources in a Changing Climate
Table of Contents Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Figures, Tables, and Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 2: Climate Change Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chapter 3: Responses of Freshwater and Coastal Ecosystems to Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Chapter 4: Adaptation of Aquatic Ecosystems to Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Appendix A: Coastal Vulnerability Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Appendix B: References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Conserving Freshwater and Coastal Resources in a Changing Climate ii
Page 1: Conserving Freshwater and Coastal R
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary Climate change pr
Page 7 and 8: Photography by Stephen G. Maka Coas
Page 9 and 10: - Research adaptation techniques fo
Page 11 and 12: an integral role in the biodiversit
Page 13 and 14: Emissions reduction efforts are a k
Page 15 and 16: Timing of Seasonal Phenomena: • T
Page 17 and 18: Case Study: Freshwater Mussels Resp
Page 19 and 20: Drought and Low Flow in the Ipswich
Page 21 and 22: Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): A po
Page 23 and 24: Table 2. Freshwater Wetlands: Impac
Page 25 and 26: mixing in the spring. Air temperatu
Page 27 and 28: Table 3. Lakes: Impacts of Climate
Page 29 and 30: Jamaica Bay, Long Island: Marsh Res
Page 31 and 32: Table 4. Saltwater Wetlands: Impact
Page 33 and 34: Eelgrass (Zostera marina): A possib
Page 35 and 36: Map 1. Regional Coastal Vulnerabili
Page 37 and 38: Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)
Page 39 and 40: which will be especially valuable f
Page 41 and 42: Photography by Bill Silliker Jr. We
Page 43 and 44: to a property. For example, a coven
Page 45 and 46: North Carolina Setback Requirements
Page 47 and 48: Table 7. Adaptation Techniques - Ac
Page 49 and 50: Table 9. Adaptation Techniques - Pr
Page 51 and 52: Develop a “Climate Endangered Eco
Page 53 and 54:
Table 10. Recommendations: River an
Page 55 and 56:
Table 12. Recommendations: Lake Eco
Page 57 and 58:
Table 14. Recommendations: Coastal
Page 59 and 60:
Map 2. Relative Sea Level Rise Cons
Page 61 and 62:
Map 4. Coastal Slope Conserving Fre
Page 63 and 64:
Fang, X., Stefan, H.G. (1998). Pote
Page 65 and 66:
National Biological Service (1995).
Page 67 and 68:
List of Interviews Dr. Paul Angerme
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