introduction-weak-interaction-volume-one

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57 . A . De Shalit, S . Kuperman, H . J . Lipkin, T . Rothein : Phys . Rev . , 107, 1459 (1957) . 58 . C . S. Wu, S . A . Moszkowski : op . cit ., (p . 158) . 59 . C . HA1er : Ann . Phys ., 14, 531 (1932) ; A . H . Bincer : Phys . Rev ., 107, 1467 (1957) ; G . W . Ford, C . J . Mullin : Phys . Rev ., 108, 477 (1957) . 60 . H . Frauenfelder, F . Bob<strong>one</strong>, C . Levine, B . Rossi, P . De Pasquali : Phys . Rev ., 107, 643 ; 909, ( 1 957) - 61 . H . Goldhaber, L . Grodzins, A . W. Sunyar : Phys . Rev ., 106, 826 (1957) . 62 . J . P . Deutsch, F . Cattleman, M . Haver, L . Grodzins, A . W. Sunyar : 107, 1733 (1957) . 63 . H . Hanna, R . S . Preston : Phys . Rev ., 106, 1363 (1957) ; la, 716 (1958) . 64 . L . A . Page, N . Heinberg : Phys . Rev ., 106, 1220 (1957) ; D . H . Perkins : on . cit ., (p . 106) ; C . S . Wu, S . A . Moszkowski : op.cit ., (p . 168) . 65 . R . A . Lundy, W . A. Carmer, G . Culligan, V . A. Telegdi, R. Winston : Nuovo Cim ., 24, 549 ( 1 9 62) - 66 . A . I . Alikhanov : op . cit ., (p . 8) . 67 . H . Schopper: Phil . Rag ., 2, 710 (1957) . 68 . See e .g . G . Killen : op.cit ., (p . 362) , C . S . Wu, S. A . Loszkowski : op.cit ., (p . 138) . 69 . C . S . Pb, S. A . Rosnkowski : on.cit ., (p . 173) , D . H . Perkins : op.cit ., (p . 139) . 70 . L . Goldhaber, L . Grodzins, A . W. Sunyar : Phys . Rev ., 102, 1015 (1958) . 71 . H . Weyl : Z . Phys ., 56, 330 (1929) . 72 . W . Pauli : Nuovo Cim ., 6, 204 (1957) . 73 . A . Salam : Nuovo Cim ., 5, 299 (1957) . 74 . L . D . Landau : Nucl . Phys ., g•, 127 (1957) . 75 . T . D . Lee, C . N . Yang : Phys . Rev ., 105, 1671 (1957) . 76 . H . Nuirhead : op .cit ., (p . 542) , G . Kdllen : op.cit ., (p . 365 ) K . Nishijima: Phys . Rev ., 107, 907 (1957) .
CHAPTER FOUR : WEAK LIPTONIC REACTIONS . 4 .1 Phenomenology of ,:uon Decay . In 1936, Anderson and Neddermeyer (1) obtained a number of cosmic ra y cloud chamber tracks at mountain altitudes which were attributed to a particl e of approximate mass 100 EeV/ c 2 . In 1940, Williams and Roberts (2) obtaine d cloud chamber photographs showing a negative particle of mass 120rleV/ c2 , which decayed into an electron. By comparing Geiger-counter counting rates a t different altitudes, the lifetime of the new particle, which was named th e muon, was established as about 2 .ps . Rasetti made a more direct determination of the muon lifetime . He placed two Geiger counters above a 10 cm thick iro n absorber, and two others below . Bhen a muon was stopped in the iron, as indicate d by the anticoincidence of the second pair of counters, the time before th e emergence of its charged decay product was measured . However, only about hal f of all the muons stopped in the iron appeared to decay . This was explained by assuming that, in cosmic rays, there exist equal numbers of muons, which are negatively-charged, and positively-charged antimuons . The antimuons are repelled by the Coulomb fields of the iron nuclei, and are thus free to decay , but the muons are captured by atomic nuclei . As captured muons cascad e towards the nucleus, they emit x-rays as they jump from <strong>one</strong> electron orbit t o the next . The energies of these x-rays may be measured to within ten o r twenty electronvolts, and, using the Bohr formul al , we may calculate the muo n mass a s 105 .66 0 .015 EeV/c2 . (4 .1 .1 ) The currently acknowledged value for the muon mass is (3 ) 105 .65948 ± 0 .00035 NeV/c2 . (4 .1 .2 ) The muon lifetime was initially measured by track length in nuclear emulsions , and then by accelerator time-of-flight measurements . The current value is (4 ) (2 .1994 ± 0 .0006) X 10-6 6 . (4 .1 .3 ) Since the electron in muon decay is not monoenergetic, we may deduce tha t there are two unobserved neutral particles present in the decay, and thus
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INTRODUCTION TO THE WEAK INTERACTIO
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D R A F T O N E B COPY TWO . Summer
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Chapter Four : Weak Leptonic Reacti
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E = gf (1 .1 .5 ) which Planck had
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1 .3 The Schrddinmer Equation . (21
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IN, we have 1 )(e, t} (e°t , aE =
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(r~ t) _ f(r) ejEtm (1 .5 .5 ) We n
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.2+ V Thus H = (1/2m) p 2 -{- V and
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e and c = m . 0 (1 .7 .15 ) (1 .7 .
Page 21 and 22:
and thus, from (1 .7 .10) and (1 .7
Page 23 and 24:
CHAPTER TbO : FIELD THEORY . 2 .1 T
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In 1939, Wigner introduced the time
Page 27 and 28:
conjugate of the ket . We operate o
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matrix is one such that Wt = u tU =
Page 31 and 32: and under time reversal T (T( T ( x
Page 33 and 34: antiparticle's is always aligned pa
Page 35 and 36: and from (2 .6 .13) and (2 .6 .14 )
Page 37 and 38: an d CPT ( '(x)) --TA-2,:) 5 (2 .7
Page 39 and 40: energies, then it we difficult to s
Page 41 and 42: in timing or by a pulse from a furt
Page 43 and 44: less rigorous but still physically
Page 45 and 46: constants . Noninvariance of the we
Page 47 and 48: B i rather than of the C . and C .
Page 49 and 50: universal electromagnetic coupling
Page 51 and 52: occured, but the observation of the
Page 53 and 54: u = e 3 P 'r 1 + r + (J p'r)2 . . .
Page 55 and 56: where X = 121, N . ue(+)(9.e) Fi uv
Page 57 and 58: = i Re (C S CV + cS caw ) vF,1 2 +
Page 59 and 60: 1g-t = z (1 + '( 5 )y , (3 .6 .8b )
Page 61 and 62: We find that any wave function 14r(
Page 63 and 64: - Ja/(Ja t 1) J b = Ja + 1 , J b =
Page 65 and 66: where C . = C! = G . /f 2 (3 .7 .7f
Page 67 and 68: wher e _1(1) = C(2) _O (3 .7 .15b )
Page 69 and 70: multiple scattering, which can simu
Page 71 and 72: The annihilation of free helical po
Page 73 and 74: of the decay gamma ray will be prop
Page 75 and 76: We are thus forced to conclude that
Page 77 and 78: ((Jg - E) w j )r qr u = = 0 , (3 .8
Page 79 and 80: REFERENCES . 1 . H . Becquerel : Co
Page 81: 37. See e .g . M . A . Preston : Ph
Page 85 and 86: (~ w/ St) (d3Pe)/(2n )5 J J d 3p v
Page 87 and 88: _ (-3a ' - 4b' + 14c')/(a t 4b + 6c
Page 89 and 90: necessary to have a high flux of hi
Page 91 and 92: 4 .4 Currents in Leptonic Reactions
Page 93 and 94: e t e > )-k- + , (4 .4 .22 ) which
Page 95 and 96: K(36) = (1/Y) (T/108 ) 8 (4 .4 .41
Page 97 and 98: neutrinos is 10 22 .5 * 2 .5 (22) .
Page 99 and 100: might be composed of a bound state
Page 101 and 102: of T 3 the Pauli spin matrix (1 .7
Page 103 and 104: isospin—formulated fields, but th
Page 105 and 106: We see that the first term in (5 .2
Page 107 and 108: changing semileptonic reactions occ
Page 109 and 110: vanishes, the n e jn I 2 JH(o) e O"
Page 111 and 112: A(q 2) + B (q 2 ) tan g (O /2) (5 .
Page 113 and 114: where A and B are the initial and f
Page 115 and 116: magnetic effects in these decays wo
Page 117 and 118: values for the constants in (5 .5 .
Page 119 and 120: 5 .6 The Current-Current Approach .
Page 121 and 122: includes also neutral hadron curren
Page 123: in good agreement with the theoreti
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