Sample Chapter - United Nations University

Asia and regional integration theory 9
If the above are theories of integration, there are also theories that analyse
the forms and workings of cooperation shown in Figure 1.1 (regularized
forums, international regimes and international organizations).
These could be called, for the sake of discussion, “theories of integrated
entities” (or theories of governance): for example, frameworks for analysing
the workings of international regimes (such as compliance and effectiveness);
the use of multilevel governance to analyse highly developed
integrated entities such as the European Union (EU); and the application
of theories such as network theory to the analysis of the formation
of public policy within such integrated entities. 6
2.2 Problem sectors and substantive integration
Depending on the problem sector (or issue area), the types of relationships
between nations illustrated in Figure 1.1 can develop in different
ways. The degree of substantive integration can also differ by problem
sector. This section will examine integration by sector and also consider
the difference and relationship between formal and substantive
integration.
Figure 1.3 Sectors of integration
Source: Y. Yamamoto.