Review 3 final 2 - TAU - National Treasury

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TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE UNIT REVIEW | Green Governance – and in a manner which enables us to tackle poverty, inequality and social justice. In doing so, we need to couch our plans within a total vision of the future. We need to tackle the system as a whole and not as a bunch of parts. “Obsessing over recycling and installing a few special light bulbs won’t cut it. We need to be looking at fundamental change to our energy, transportation and agricultural systems rather than technological tweaking at the margins…” Michael Maniates, Professor of Political Science and Environmental Science, Allegheny College, as quoted in Friedman 2009: 254 (emphasis added). FRAMEWORKS AND SYSTEMS We need a complete picture of the system so that our actions can be guided by agreement as to how this contributes to the ultimate goal. The diagram below looks at the hierarchy of spatial locations. The bottom of the triangle is the most localised and smallest point – we, as individuals. As we move up the triangle we find ourselves in larger and larger system – from household, to neighbourhood, to city and so-forth. As we move down the triangle we, as individuals, have increasing control over how we live, act and operate, and so our ability to influence and impact the systems that shape our lives and sustainability. At an individual level we can choose to live completely sustainably (such as walking and cycling instead of driving). However, our ability to do this is limited or supported by the degree to which other members in our household work together. By the same token, a households effectiveness at, for example, recycling, is impacted the degree to which there are neighbourhood recycling depots or public transport networks. If our cities are promoting and supporting better waste management, transport and energy systems, our ability to make the whole system work- from individual to the key energy, water and production systems at city level – is improved. This ultimately goes all the way up to the global systems within which we find ourselves. In a world that is inevitably globalising we have to address these systems as well. National Policies and Programmes (e.g. NSDP, Breaking New Ground, DFA, Environmental Conservation Act, NEMA, Working for Water) Plans, Initiatives and Strategies (State of the Environment, Sustainable Building Codes, Urban form, transport technology, etc.) Global National Provincial / District City / Towns Community/ Neighbourhood Household Global Norms, Conventions, Protocols and Agreements (e.g. Kyoto protocol, Global Campaign on Good Urban Governance) Provincial/Regional Strategies (PSDF, Guidelines for Resort Development, Bioregional Planning, EIP, Implementation of ECA /NEMA regulations) Initiatives and projects (recycling, education, tree planting) Water saving devices, recycling programmes, energy saving techniques and technologies, transport choices, lifestyle choices Individual Lifestyle choices (products consumed, methods of using products and resources, choice of living environment, travel modes, etc.) Matt Cullinan 38 page Enabling change for development
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE UNIT REVIEW | Green Governance Global National/State Increasing degree of personal control and impact in terms of lifestyle, consumption and production changes and choices Region/Province City system Community/ Neighbourhood Household Ind. As one moves up the triangle, the effectiveness of action at a lower level is affected by the degree of supporting environment and action in the level above Matt Cullinan Whilst we need to look at the systems as a whole, the towards the desired outcomes. Indeed it is through City, and Whilst the systems we need through to look which at it the is organised systems and as a whole, conscious the City, application and the of systems these that through we can set which in place managed, it is has organised real power and to transform managed, production has real and power the to actions transform required production for change. and But consumption these policies get consumption patterns. Cities lie at the fulcrum. It is at enacted, most powerfully, at a city level. patterns. Cities lie at the fulcrum. It is at the City level (mostly) that national and global the City level (mostly) that national and global policies, programmes policies, and programmes protocols are and actually protocols translated are actually “…the translated roots of into many tangible of our urban investments and environmental that into tangible impact investments directly on sustainability. that impact directly Building on resilient problems cities bring lie global the upper attitudes levels to economic of policy growth to sustainability. fruition Building and gives resilient context cities bring to lower the upper levels of action. and redistribution, We have the and ability we should to influence not hesitate and to levels of policy to fruition and gives context to lower draw attention to that. American planning theorist change consumption patterns and dynamics through the city systems, such as transport, levels of action. We have the ability to influence and Bob Beauregard has made the obvious but perfectly change security, consumption waste patterns management, and dynamics water through conservation, true construction statement – you and will education. never get good Through planning the city city systems, systems, such we as can transport, align personal security, interest waste with societal without good. institutions. That is as true for New management, water conservation, construction and Orleans as it is for cities in Africa. Until we have education. Policy, Through at a city national systems, and we international can align personal level, also has just a and critical progressive role to institutions, play. Policy at both can national send interest with societal good. and global levels, the best efforts of planners can signals to the market and to individuals and can change behaviour towards the desired be negated again and again. What is important, Policy, at outcomes. a national and Indeed international it is through level, conscious also has application however, of is these that we that are we not can compliant set in with place a system the a critical actions role to required play. Policy for can change. send signals But these to the policies get which enacted, entrenches most inequalities powerfully, and at a environmental city level. market and to individuals and can change behaviour destruction.” Watson 2006: 10. 8 page 39 Enabling change for development
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