Critical Thinking Skills - Developing Effective Analysis and Argument(2)

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Practice 2: Finding flaws in the argument climatic meltdown. Global warming is a problem for all of us and people can't just opt out because it doesn't suit them. Comments References 1. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. A Szrmmary of the Kyoto Protocol http://unfccc.int/essential~background (downloaded 13/02/05). 2. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change -Feeling the Heat http://unfccc.int/essential_background (downloaded 13/02/05). 3. Stevens, W. K. (1997) 'Greenhouse Gas Issue Pits Third World Against Richer Nations'. New York Times, 30 November 1997. 4. AFL-CIO Executive Council (1998) Press Statement on the Kyoto Protocol, 30 January 1998. 21 8 Critical Thinking Skills O Stella Cottrell (ZOOS), Cnticnl TIritlkilg Skills, Palgrave Macmillan Ltd
Answers to Practice 2: Finding flaws in the argument nple foun ~d There vrongs do' I right 2. JLCILL 4. Lack c \tt,ninn )f precisior .. ., , ncy in the argument -c>>a~v uackaround information ectly assur ning a cat lsal link correlation 0. Meeti ng necessi ary conditi ons - -- 1. Meeti ng sufficie nt conditic Ins analogy , . -r3 - 7--1 4. Comp 5. Exclus 6. Unwa rranted leaps (e.q. castle of cards; slelqht of har - ~ Ling the pc 0. Trivial isation 1. Taut01 logy . . -_ O Stella Cottrell (ZOOS), Critic01 Ttzinkzng Skills, Palgrave Macmillan Ltd Practice activities on longer texts 21 9
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Critical Thinking Skills Developing
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Contents Introduction Glossary Ackn
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10 Critical, analytical writing: Cr
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people are referring to when they m
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'false premises'. Finally, it exami
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predicated on a Marxist interpretat
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Chapter 1 What is critical thinking
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Reasoning Knowing our own reasons C
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Underlying skills and attitudes Cri
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Personal strategies for critical th
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The idea or the action, not the per
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Barriers to critical thinking (2) L
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Critical thinking: Knowledge, skill
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ther D low esser - - See PL--*--- k
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Chapter 2 How well do you think Dev
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Activity: Argument and disagreement
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Non-arguments: Explanations and sum
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There were many reasons why the stu
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Activity: Selecting out the argumen
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This chapter has looked at ways of
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Chapter 5 How well do they say it C
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Internal consistency larity and int
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Logical consistency clear and consi
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lndependent reasons and joint reaso
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Intermediate conclusions In I anger
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-- Activity: Intermediate conclusio
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Activity: Summative and logical con
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Activity: Logical order L 8,"L I ne
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Answers to activities in Chapter 5
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- Answers to activities in Chapter
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Chapter 6 Reading between the lines
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Activity: Identify the underlying a
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Implicit assumptions used as reason
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False premises Predicating an argum
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Implicit arguments ~plicit and impl
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Denoted and connoted meanings (I) A
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- - Activities: Associations and st
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This chapter looked at some aspects
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Chapter 7 Does it add up Identifyin
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Correlations and false correlations
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Not meeting the necessary condition
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Activity: Necessary and sufficient
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Activity: False analogies Activity
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Other types of flawed argument Ther
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Emotive language; Attacking the per
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1 Misrepresentation and trivialisat
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This chapter introduces many of the
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Chapter 8 Where's the proof Finding
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Searching for evidence Critical thi
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Reputable sources For academic stud
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Currency and reliability Currency I
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Relevant and irrelevant evidence Re
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- Representative samples 1 I Most r
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Certainty and probability Certainty
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Generalisations are useful as they
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Facts and opinions Opinion An opini
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- Triangulation What is triangulati
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This chapter has looked at some key
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Chapter 9 Critical reading and note
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Identifying the theoretical perspec
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Categorising and selecting Critical
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Making notes to support critical re
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Concise critical notes: Analysing a
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Concise critical notes: Articles an
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Activity: critical selection - Note
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Commentary on critical selection ac
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I Note your source of information (
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Chapter 10 Critical, analytical wri
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Page 155 and 156: Signposting alternative points of v
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Page 160 and 161: Activity: Writing conclusions N Act
Page 162 and 163: Answers to activities in Chapter 10
Page 164 and 165: Checklist for Essay 1 Use this chec
Page 166 and 167: Evaluate Essay 1 (continued) known
Page 168 and 169: Commentary for Essay 1 The numbers
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Page 172 and 173: Evaluate Essay 2 (continued) or pro
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Page 176 and 177: Evaluating your writing for critica
Page 178 and 179: -- This chapter provided the opport
Page 181 and 182: Texts for activities in Chapters 8,
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Page 188 and 189: T -- ------ Practice 1: Features of
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Page 192 and 193: Practice 1: Features of an argument
Page 194 and 195: Answers to Practice 1: Features of
Page 198 and 199: Practice 2: Finding flaws in the ar
Page 202 and 203: Answers to Practice 2: Finding flaw
Page 206 and 207: Practice 3: Features of an araument
Page 228 and 229: I Answers to Practice 4: Finding fl
Page 230 and 231: Bibliography Arnheim, R. (1954, 197
Page 232 and 233: abstracts, using, 128 academic writ
Page 234: eading and accurate interpretation,
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