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NATIONAL GEOSCIENCE CONFERENCE 2011 11 – 12 June 2011 • The Puteri Pacific Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia Paper A9 Effects of moisture and clay microstructure on the strength of soil along Kota Belud – Ranau Road, Tamparuli, Sabah Mohamed Ali Yusof Bin Mohd Husin* & Baba Musta Geology Programme, School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Email addess: mohamedaliyusof@yahoo.com Lanslides had long been regarded as a one of the major geohazards in Sabah. Humid tropical climate of the region act as a catalyst that speed up the weathering process resulting in the decreasing resistance in rock mass and the formation of clay. Clay, a microstructure mineral in soil that is a product of weathering process contributes to the occurrence of landslides because of their chemical and physical properties. Due to constant heavy downpour that acts as the main triggering factor, it causes a decrease in shear strength. This paper discusses the effect of clay microstructure on the strength of soil taken from 6 different soil slopes along Kota Belud Ranau-Road (Figure 1). The strength of soil is determined using uniaxial compression test, where data obtained from the compaction curve are manipulated by preparing samples with different percentage of moisture content. This is achieved by treating the samples with 5% of increment and decrement in moisture from the original optimum moisture content of each sample. As for clay microstructure, X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope method is applied to determine the types of clay mineral. The results indicate shear strength is inversely proportional to the percentage of soil moisture content in all samples (Figure 2). Samples with clayey material show the highest percentage of shear strength reduction when treated with 5% increase of moisture from optimum moisture content (Table 1 and Figure 3). Whilst, samples with sandy material show highest percentage of shear strength increment when treated with 5% decrease of moisture from optimum moisture content. X-Ray Diffraction analysis shows the existence of illite, montmorillonite and halloysite in all samples (Figure 4 A). Scanning electron micrograph analysis show the existence of halloysite (Figure 4 B) which looks like little rods or tubes. Halloysite is a member of the kaolin group, where individual layers are separated by sheets of water. Illite can be seen with its irregular flaky clay platelets parallel to each other and often looks like thin flakes with ribbonlike projection (Figures 4B and C). Reference British Standard Institution, 1990. BS 1377: Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes. London : British Standard Institution Rodeano, R., Sanudin Hj. Tahir, Shariff A. K. Omang & Ismail Abd Rahim. 2006. Geohazards in Kota Kinabalu Area, Sabah. Proceeding of the 2nd SANREM Conference 2006. Universit Malaysia Sabah & Science and Technology Unit of Sabah State Government. Yalcin, A., 2007. The Effects of Clay on Landslides: A case study. Applied Clay Science 38 (2007) 77-85. Welton, J. E., 1950. SEM Petrology Atlas, 1984. The American Association of Petroleum Geologist, Tulsa Oklahoma, USA. 16 Figure 1. Location of study area and sampling station.
NATIONAL GEOSCIENCE CONFERENCE 2011 11 – 12 June 2011 • The Puteri Pacific Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia Table 1. Sample shear strength based on manipulated moisture content. Figure 2. Graph showing inversely proportional relationship between shear strength and moisture content. Figure 3. Shear strength difference based on manipulated moisture content. Figure 4. (A) X-Ray diffraction analyisis graph, (B,C and D) scanning electron micrograph. 17
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Geological Society of Malaysia c/o
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