Confounding, interaction, and mediation in multivariable/multivariate ...
Confounding, interaction, and mediation in multivariable/multivariate ...
Confounding, interaction, and mediation in multivariable/multivariate ...
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Mediation<br />
<strong>Confound<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
Interaction<br />
Def<strong>in</strong>ition <strong>and</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
Methods for confound<strong>in</strong>g effect<br />
Unobserved confound<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Difference from <strong>mediation</strong><br />
An example<br />
ˆ Age may confound the positive relationship between annual<br />
<strong>in</strong>come <strong>and</strong> cancer <strong>in</strong>cidence <strong>in</strong> the US.<br />
1 Older <strong>in</strong>dividuals are also more likely to get cancer.<br />
2 Older <strong>in</strong>dividuals are likely to earn more money than younger<br />
ones who have not spent as much time <strong>in</strong> the work force.<br />
3 Income does not cause age, which then causes cancer.<br />
logo<br />
William Wu<br />
Cancer Biostatistics
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