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80 Davis, D.W. 1997. Personal communication. Univ. of Minnesota. St. Paul, Minn. 81 Davis, D.W., et al. 1990. Cowpea. In Alternative Field Crops Manual. Univ. of Wisc-Ext. and Univ. of Minnesota. Madison,Wis. and St. Paul, Minn. 82 Decker,A.M. 1997. Personal communication. Univ. of Maryland. College Park, Md. 83 Decker,A.M.,A.J. Clark, J.J. Meisinger, F.R. Mulford and M.S. McIntosh. 1994. Legume cover crop contributions to no-tillage corn production. Agron. J. 86:126-136. 84 Decker,A.M.,A.J. Clark, J.J. Meisinger, F.R. Mulford and V.A. Bandel. 1992. Winter Annual Cover Crops for Maryland Corn Production Systems.Agronomy Mimeo 34. Univ. of Md. Cooperative Ext. Service, Md. Inst. for Ag. and Natural Resources, College Park, Md. 85 DeGregorio, R. et al. 1995. Bigflower vetch and rye vs. rye alone as a cover crop for no-till sweetcorn. J. Sustain.Ag. 5:7-18. 86 DeWilde, R. 1997. Personal communication. Viroqua,Wis. 87 Dick, Richard. 1997. Personal communication. Oregon State Univ.. Corvallis, Ore. 88 Diver, Steve. 1997. Personal communication. Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas (ATTRA). Fayetteville,Ark. 89 Doll, Jerry. 1991. Cited in Shirley, C.D. No-till beans: rye not! The New Farm. 13:12-15. 90 Doll, J. and T. Bauer. 1991. Rye: more than a mulch for weed control. pp. 146-149. Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference presentation summaries. Urbana, Ill. 91 Duke, James A. 1981. Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance. Plenum Press, N.Y. 92 Earhart, D.R. 1996. Managing soil phosphorus accumulation from poultry litter application through vegetable/legume rotations. Project Report #LS95-69. pp. 33-34. Southern Region 1996 Annual Report. Griffin, Ga. 93 Eberlein, Charlotte. 1995. Development of winter wheat cover crop systems for weed control in potatoes. Project Report #LW91-27. Western Region SARE. Logan, Utah. 94 Eckert, D.J. 1991. Chemical attributes of soils subjected to no-till cropping with rye cover crops. Soil Sci. Soc.Am. J. 55:405-409. 95 Edwards,W.M. et al. 1993.Tillage studies with a corn-soybean rotation: Hydrology and sediment loss. Soil Sci. Soc.Am. J. 57:1051-1055. 96 Einhellig, F.A. and J.A. Rasmussen. 1989. Prior cropping with grain sorghum inhibits weeds. J. Chem. Ecol. 15:951-960. 97 Einhellig, F.A. and I.F. Souze. 1992.Allelopathic activity of sorgoleone. J. Chem. Ecol. 18:1-11. 98 Enache,A.J., R.D. Ilnicki and R.R. Helberg.1992. Subterranean clover living mulch: A system approach. pp. 160-162. In Proc. First Int’l Weed Control Congress, Vol. 2. February 17- 21, 1992.Weed Science Society of Victoria, Melbourne,Australia. 99 Enache,A.J. 1990.Weed control by subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) used as a living mulch. Dissertation Abstracts Int., Sci. and Eng., 1990, 50(11):4825B. 100 Fairbrother,T.E. 1991. Effect of fluctuating temperatures and humidity on the softening rate of hard seed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Seed Sci.Tech. 19:93-105. 101 Fairbrother,T.E. 1997. Softening and loss of subterranean clover hard seed under sod and bare ground environments. Crop. Sci. 37:839-844. 184 MANAGING COVER CROPS PROFITABLY
102 Fernholz, Carmen. 1997. Personal communication. Madison, Minn. 103 Finch Univ. of Calif. Medics, general. SAREP Cover Crops Resource Page. http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ 104 Fisk, J.W. and O.B. Hesterman. 1996. N contribution by annual legume cover crops for no-till corn. In 1996 Cover Crops Symposium Proceedings. Michigan State Univ.,W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Battle Creek, Mich. 105 Fischer,Albert and Larry Burrill. 1993. Managing interference in sweet corn-white clover living mulch system. Am. J.Alt.Ag. 8:51-56. 106 Fisk, J.W. 1997. Personal communication. Michigan State Univ.. East Lansing, Mich. 107 Flexner. 1990. Hairy vetch. Univ. of Calif. SAREP Cover Crops Resource Page. http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ 108 Folorunso, Olatunji et al. 1992. Cover crops lower soil surface strength, may improve soil permeability. Calif.Ag. 46:26-27. 109 Forney, D. Raymond and Chester L. Foy. 1984. Phytotoxicity of products from rhizospheres of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Weed Sci. 33:597-604. 110 Forney, D. Raymond et al. 1985.Weed suppression in no-till alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by prior cropping of summer-annual forage grasses. Weed Sci. 33:490-497. 111 Fortin, M.C. and A.S. Hamill. 1994. Rye residue geometry for faster corn development. Agron. J. 86:238-243. 112 Foster, R.K. 1990. Effect of tillage implement and date of sweetclover incorporation on available soil N and succeeding spring wheat yields. Can. J. Plant Sci. 70:269-277. 113 Fox, R.H. and W.P. Piekielek. 1988. Fertilizer N equivalence of alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and red clover for succeeding corn crops. J. Prod.Agric. 1:313-317. 114 Friedman, Diana et al.1996. Evaluation of five cover crop species or mixes for nitrogen production and weed suppression in Sacramento Valley farming systems. Univ. of California Cover Crop Research and Education Summaries. 1994- 1996. Davis, Calif. 115 Friesen, G.H. 1979.Weed interference in transplanted tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum).Weed Sci. 27:11-13. 116 Gardner, John ( ed.). 1992. Substituting legumes for fallow in U.S. Great Plains wheat production:The first five years of research and demonstration 1988-1992. USDA/SARE and North Dakota State Univ., Michael Fields Agricultural Institute, Kansas State Univ. and Univ. of Nebraska. NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center, Carrington, N.D. 117 Geneve, R.L. and L.A.Weston. 1988. Growth reduction of Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) seedlings caused by interaction with a sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid (Sudax). J. Env. Hort. 6:24-26. 118 Ghaffarzadeh, M. 1994. Progress Report: Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). 17 pp. Soil Management,Agronomy Department, Iowa State Univ.,Ames, Iowa. 119 Ghaffarzadeh, M. 1995. Considering annual clover Don’t overlook berseem. Pub. #SA-7. 4 pp. Sustainable Agriculutre Fact Sheet Series.The Leopold Center,Ames, Iowa. 120 Ghaffarzadeh, M. 1996. Forage-based beef production research at the Armstrong Outlying Research farm.Annual research report.A. S. Leaflet R1245. Iowa State Univ.,Ames, Iowa. BIBLIOGRAPHY 185
Page 1 and 2:
$19.00 Managing Cover Crops Profita
Page 3 and 4:
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE NETWORK THE
Page 5 and 6:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book represent
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FOREWORD Cover crops slow erosion,
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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Think of this
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BENEFITS OF COVER CROPS Cover crops
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decompose quickly, especially in wa
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Expect excessive field traffic arou
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5. Settle for the Best Available Co
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ORGANIC MATTER ADDITIONS The benefi
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Cover Crops Can Stabilize Your Soil
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generally a good idea to kill a leg
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• For perennial legumes that have
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MANAGING PESTS WITH COVER CROPS By
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The farmers get weed control by fla
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insects. This approach has been use
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• Subterranean Clover (Trifolium
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does no direct tillage, but aggress
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eplace the cover crop before beans,
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as buckwheat, cowpeas, sorghum-suda
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the couple harrows every two to thr
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Start Where You Are In many instanc
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INTRODUCTION TO CHARTS The four com
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pH Preferred. The pH range in which
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Chart 1 TOP REGIONAL COVER CROP SPE
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Chart 2 PERFORMANCE AND ROLES conti
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Chart 3B PLANTING Cost Cost/A Inoc.
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Chart 4B POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGES Sp
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ANNUAL RYEGRASS Lolium multiflorum
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prolonged heat, cold or drought.Tha
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crop for establishing a forage or l
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arley plants from fungus, armyworm
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can increase the fertilizer replace
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cultural and local considerations t
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(339), and by 99 percent in a Calif
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Killing & Controlling Nutrient avai
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ye/vetch/crimson clover,for example
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• In the Corn Belt and northern U
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Wheat Offers High-Value Weed Contro
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BUCKWHEAT Fagopyrum esculentum Type
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Rotations Buckwheat is used most co
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plants fractured subsoil compaction
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press some species of nematodes. Sp
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Incorporated sorghum-sudangrass res
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lodge soil particles. Sunlight is u
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Crimson-Berseem Clover Combo Works
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in water-use efficiency in the tria
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Microorganisms mineralize, or conve
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COWPEAS Vigna unguiculata Also call
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control if you go with rows, using
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drought-tolerant sorghum-sudangrass
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several winter annual legumes that
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In Ohio, crimson clover mixed with
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FIELD PEAS Pisum sativum subsp. arv
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Chill tolerant. Austrian winter pea
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In a “Flexible Green Manure” cr
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values from 13 to 34,but were gener
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year Maryland study that also inclu
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possible, but remember that hairy v
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especially in winter grains. With w
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less biomass than overwintering sta
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Jess Counts on GEORGE for N and Org
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after mid-April planting in souther
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second cutting. Regrowth comes from
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RED CLOVER Trifolium pratense Also
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MANAGEMENT Establishment & Fieldwor
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it function more like a biennial th
Page 135 and 136: Subclover cultivars often are descr
Page 137 and 138: trample in the seed. Subclover ofte
Page 139 and 140: Crop Systems Interseeded with wheat
Page 141 and 142: SWEETCLOVERS Yellow sweetclover (Me
Page 143 and 144: difficult to establish annual cover
Page 145 and 146: Spring seeding provides yellow swee
Page 147 and 148: enhances soil fertility, texture an
Page 149 and 150: WHITE CLOVER Trifolium repens Also
Page 151 and 152: for several freeze-thaw cycles. Mak
Page 153 and 154: COMPARATIVE NOTES • White clover
Page 155 and 156: Fall planting. Most growers seed at
Page 157 and 158: combining with a belt-type rubber p
Page 159 and 160: Then seed the remainder while walki
Page 161 and 162: screening, a number of farmers have
Page 163 and 164: the seed is relatively expensive. B
Page 165 and 166: Dyer, David A. 1998. Conservation L
Page 167 and 168: OTHER RESOURCES Cover Crops On The
Page 169 and 170: Cal/West Seeds Box 1428 Woodland, C
Page 171 and 172: Pick Seed Canada P.O. Box 304 1 Gre
Page 173 and 174: SARE Northeast Region Office Univer
Page 175 and 176: APPENDIX F REGIONAL EXPERTS These i
Page 177 and 178: David W. Wolfe Cornell University 1
Page 179 and 180: Bob Burdette Southern Seed Certific
Page 181 and 182: Shiou Kuo Washington State Universi
Page 183 and 184: 20 Bird, George. 1997. Personal com
Page 185: 59 Clark,A.J. 1993. Managing hairy
Page 189 and 190: 141 Helm, J.L. and Dwain Meyer. 199
Page 191 and 192: 186 Koume, C.N. et al. 1988. Screen
Page 193 and 194: 226 Mohler, Charles L. 1994.A livin
Page 195 and 196: 267 Plumer, Mike. 1997. Personal co
Page 197 and 198: 309 Shrestha,A. et al. 1996.“Annu
Page 199 and 200: 352 Varco, J.J., J.O. Sanford and J
Page 201 and 202: Bulk Discounts: Except as indicated
Page 203 and 204: INDEX A Alfalfa, 10, 42, 84, 88, 94
Page 205 and 206: performance and roles, 48-49 planti
Page 207 and 208: sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, 85 subt
Page 209 and 210: subterranean clovers, 133, 137 swee
Page 211 and 212: comparative notes, 71 crop systems,
Page 213 and 214: crimson clover for, 102, 103 crop r
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