F Faba beans. See Bell beans Fagopyrum esculentum. See Buckwheat Fallow in dryland production, 40–42 vs. grain legumes, 109 vs. medics, 120 selecting cover crops for, 12–13 sweetclover rotations, 142, 144, 145 Farmer accounts Alger–perennial medic for soil quality, fertility, 121 Anderson–woollypod vetch reseeding, 153; as frost protectant and recognizing seedlings, 152 Bartolucci–establishing woollypod vetch, 153 Bennett–rye for weed management in soybeans, 67 Burkett–winter peas for disease suppression, 108 Carter–wheat production, 74 de Wilde–killing rye, 69; rye for mulch, 70 Erisman–timing rye kill, 69 French–cowpeas in rotation, 98 French–field peas, 110 Granzow–sweetclovers for grazing and green manure, 142 Groff–incorporating rye seed 68; killing rye, 69 Guenther–crimson-berseem clover with corn, 89 Kirschenmann–sweetclover with nurse crops, 145 LaRocca–barley in vineyard mix Matthews–white clover in contour strips, 149 Mazour–managing sweetclover escapes, 146 Moyer–no-till rye into standing vetch Nordell–early plowing to avoid slugs, 144; sweetclover-clover mixes, 146; weed management in vegetables, 38–39 Podoll–sweetclover weevil cycle, 144 Farming organizations, 170–172 Fava beans. See Bell beans Feed supplements, 65 Fertilizer for fallow systems, 109 red clover systems, 128, 130, 131 reducing, 9–10, 93 for subterranean clover, 136 Fescue, 81, 114, 115 Field peas, 105–111 advantages and disadvantages, 52–53, 105–107 cropping systems, 34, 41 cultural traits, 50 for fertilizer reduction, 10 for grazing and nitrogen, 110 management, 107–111 performance and roles, 48–49 planting and seed, 51, 106- 108, 111 Flail choppers for sorghumsudangrass hybrids, 82, 83 Flail mowers. See Mowers/mowing Flax, 42 Forage berseem clover, 88, 90, 91 cowpeas, 96 field peas, 106, 110 hairy vetch, 119 medics, 121, 126 oats, 64–65 red clover, 131 rye,71 sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, 81 subterranean clovers, 136 sweetclovers, 142, 146 white clover, 148 woollypod vetch, 155 Foxtail millet, 160 Freedom to Farm Act, 98 Frost damage, 152 Frostseeding, 129, 143, 148–149 Fruits. See also Orchards; Vineyards rye for,66 subterranean clovers, 134 G German millet. See Foxtail millet Grain rye. See Rye Grains. See Small grains; specific crops Grasses carbon to nitrogen ratio,23,54 for fertilizer reduction, 10 for moisture conservation, 11 for nematode management, 32 nitrate conservation, 18–19 in soil health, 17, 18, 24 subterranean clover mixtures, 134 Grass waterways, 57 Grazing annual ryegrass, 56, 57 berseem clover, 88, 90 in corn-soybean system, 41 cowpeas, 96 crimson clover, 104 in dryland cereal-legume systems, 42 field peas, 106, 110, 111 grass cover crops, 54 hairy vetch, 119 livestock poisoning, 81, 85, 139–140, 142 lupins, 161 medics, 121 oats, 64–65 performance and roles of species, 44, 48 rye,71 204 MANAGING COVER CROPS PROFITABLY
sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, 85 subterranean clovers, 134–135, 136 sweetclovers, 139–140, 141, 142, 144, 146 wheat, 76 Greenchopping berseem clover, 91 Green fallow systems, 145 Green manures berseem clover, 88, 89, 90–91, 94 cowpeas, 95 field peas, 106, 109 oats, 63 red clover, 127 subterranean clovers, 133 sweetclovers, 140, 142 Groundwater, 109 H Habitats. See Insect management and sources Hay annual ryegrass, 57 berseem clover/oats, 88 in corn-soybean system, 41 cowpeas, 96 crimson clover, 104 medic/grass mixtures, 124–125 oats, 64–65 sweetclovers, 141 Health and safety issues, 11 Hemp, sunn, 161 Herbicides for annual ryegrass, 57 for berseem clover, 91 buckwheat sensitivity to, 79 in corn production, 26–27 in cotton production, 40 cover crops for reducing, 10 for cowpeas, 97 crimson clover and, 101, 103 for foxtail millet, 160 for hairy vetch, 116 for medics, 121, 125 for oilseed species, 145 for red clover, 129–130 for rye, 67, 70 for sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, 82 for subterranean clovers, 135, 138 for sweetclovers, 144 for wheat and potatoes, 75 for white clover, 150 High chopping woollypod vetch, 153–154 Hordeum vulgare. See Barley Hubam. See Sweetclovers Humus. See Organic matter I Inoculants, 45, 51, 92–93, 149, 156, 158 Insecticides, 26–27 Insect management and sources annual ryegrass, 57 barley, 61 bell beans, 159 berseem clover, 91 buckwheat, 78, 79 cotton, 40 cover crops for reducing, 10, 25–29, 30–31 cowpeas, 95–96, 97, 104 crimson clover, 101, 103 field peas, 106 hairy vetch, 117 lupins, 161 medics, 122 oats, 64 red clover, 128 rye,70 sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, 82, 83 species comparison, 45–46, 52–53 subterranean clovers, 134 sweetclovers, 141, 144–145 wheat, 76 white clover, 149, 150 woollypod vetch, 152 Integrated Pest Management (IPM), 28–29, 95–96 Interseeding barley, 60 in corn-soybean system, 36, 41 cowpeas, 96 in dryland cereal-legume crop rotations, 37 legumes and cereal grains, 12 medic, 89, 121 performance and roles of species, 44, 49 subterranean clovers with wheat, 137 sweetclover and corn, 145 in vegetable crop rotations, 37 IPM. See Integrated Pest Management Irrigation barley, 60 potatoes with wheat, 75 subterranean clovers, 136 for underseeding, 12 woollypod vetch, 153, 154 Italian ryegrass. See Ryegrass, annual K Killing and controlling, 57 annual ryegrass, 56–57 barley, 60 berseem clover, 91 cowpeas, 97 crimson clover, 103 field peas, 108 hairy vetch, 115–116 medics, 124 oats, 64 red clover, 129–130 rye, 69–70 subterranean clovers, 135 sweetclovers, 143–144 white clover, 149 winter wheat, 76 INDEX 205
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$19.00 Managing Cover Crops Profita
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE NETWORK THE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book represent
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FOREWORD Cover crops slow erosion,
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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Think of this
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BENEFITS OF COVER CROPS Cover crops
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decompose quickly, especially in wa
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Expect excessive field traffic arou
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5. Settle for the Best Available Co
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ORGANIC MATTER ADDITIONS The benefi
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Cover Crops Can Stabilize Your Soil
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generally a good idea to kill a leg
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• For perennial legumes that have
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MANAGING PESTS WITH COVER CROPS By
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The farmers get weed control by fla
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insects. This approach has been use
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• Subterranean Clover (Trifolium
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does no direct tillage, but aggress
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eplace the cover crop before beans,
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as buckwheat, cowpeas, sorghum-suda
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the couple harrows every two to thr
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Start Where You Are In many instanc
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INTRODUCTION TO CHARTS The four com
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pH Preferred. The pH range in which
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Chart 1 TOP REGIONAL COVER CROP SPE
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Chart 2 PERFORMANCE AND ROLES conti
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Chart 3B PLANTING Cost Cost/A Inoc.
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Chart 4B POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGES Sp
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ANNUAL RYEGRASS Lolium multiflorum
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prolonged heat, cold or drought.Tha
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crop for establishing a forage or l
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arley plants from fungus, armyworm
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can increase the fertilizer replace
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cultural and local considerations t
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(339), and by 99 percent in a Calif
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Killing & Controlling Nutrient avai
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ye/vetch/crimson clover,for example
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• In the Corn Belt and northern U
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Wheat Offers High-Value Weed Contro
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BUCKWHEAT Fagopyrum esculentum Type
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Rotations Buckwheat is used most co
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plants fractured subsoil compaction
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press some species of nematodes. Sp
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Incorporated sorghum-sudangrass res
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lodge soil particles. Sunlight is u
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Crimson-Berseem Clover Combo Works
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in water-use efficiency in the tria
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Microorganisms mineralize, or conve
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COWPEAS Vigna unguiculata Also call
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control if you go with rows, using
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drought-tolerant sorghum-sudangrass
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several winter annual legumes that
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In Ohio, crimson clover mixed with
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FIELD PEAS Pisum sativum subsp. arv
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Chill tolerant. Austrian winter pea
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In a “Flexible Green Manure” cr
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values from 13 to 34,but were gener
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year Maryland study that also inclu
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possible, but remember that hairy v
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especially in winter grains. With w
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less biomass than overwintering sta
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Jess Counts on GEORGE for N and Org
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after mid-April planting in souther
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second cutting. Regrowth comes from
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RED CLOVER Trifolium pratense Also
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MANAGEMENT Establishment & Fieldwor
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it function more like a biennial th
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Subclover cultivars often are descr
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trample in the seed. Subclover ofte
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Crop Systems Interseeded with wheat
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SWEETCLOVERS Yellow sweetclover (Me
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difficult to establish annual cover
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Spring seeding provides yellow swee
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enhances soil fertility, texture an
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WHITE CLOVER Trifolium repens Also
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for several freeze-thaw cycles. Mak
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COMPARATIVE NOTES • White clover
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- Page 165 and 166: Dyer, David A. 1998. Conservation L
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- Page 173 and 174: SARE Northeast Region Office Univer
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- Page 177 and 178: David W. Wolfe Cornell University 1
- Page 179 and 180: Bob Burdette Southern Seed Certific
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- Page 183 and 184: 20 Bird, George. 1997. Personal com
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- Page 187 and 188: 102 Fernholz, Carmen. 1997. Persona
- Page 189 and 190: 141 Helm, J.L. and Dwain Meyer. 199
- Page 191 and 192: 186 Koume, C.N. et al. 1988. Screen
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- Page 201 and 202: Bulk Discounts: Except as indicated
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