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206 Marshall, H.G. and Y. Pomeranz. 1982. Buckwheat: description, breeding, production and utilization. pp. 157-210. In Advances in Cereal Science and Technology (Y. Pomeranz, ed.).Amer.Assn. of Cereal Chemists, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. 207 Matthews,Allen. 1997.Alternative rotation system for vegetables. Project Report #FNE96- 146. Northeast Region SARE. Burlington,Vt. 208 Matthews,Allen. 1997. Personal communication. Scenery Hill, Pa. 209 McCraw, Dean et al. 1995. Use of Legumes in Pecan Orchards. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. Current Report CR-06250, 4 pp. Stillwater, OK. 210 McGuire, C.F. et al. 1989. Nitrogen contribution of annual legumes to the grain protein content of ‘Clark’ barley (Hordeum disticum L.) production. Applied Ag. Res. 4:118-121. 211 McLeod. Medics, general. Univ. of Calif. SAREP Cover Crops Resource Page. http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ 212 McSorley, R. and R.N. Gallagher. 1994. Effect of tillage and crop residue management on nematode densities on corn. J. Nematol. 26:669-674. 213 Meisinger, J.J. et al.1991. Effects of cover crops on groundwater quality. pp. 57-68. In Cover Crops for Clean Water (W.L. Hargrove, ed.). Proc. Int’l Conf.April 9-11, 1991.West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson,Tenn. Soil and Water Conservation Society.Ankeny, Iowa. 214 Meyer, Dwain. 1997. Personal communication. North Dakota Extension Service. Fargo, N.D. 215 Meyer, D.W. and W.E. Norby. 1994. Seeding rate, seeding-year harvest, and cultivar effects on sweetclover productivity. North Dakota Farm Res. 50:30-33. 216 Michigan State Univ. Extension. 1996. Cover Crops: MSU/KBS (factsheet packet).“Cover Crops General Information,”“Cover Crop Seeding Methods and Equipment,”“Managing Cover Crops in Michigan,”“Red Clover,”“Annual Medics,”“Sources of Cover Crop Seed for Michigan.” MSU. East Lansing, Mich. http://www. kbs.msu.edu/extension/Covercrops/home.htm 217 Michigan State Univ.. 1996. Cover Crops Symposium Proceedings. Michigan State Univ., W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Battle Creek, Mich. 218 Miller, Michelle M. 7/21/97. Reduced input, diversified systems. Press release via electronic transmission from Univ. of Wisconsin Extension- Agronomy, Madison,Wis. 219 Miller, P.R. et al. 1989. Cover Crops for California Agriculture. University of California, SAREP. Div. of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Davis, Calif. 24 pp. 220 Miller, M.H. et al.1994. Leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus from the biomass of three cover crops. J. Environ. Qual. 23:267-272. 221 Miller, 1989. Medics, general. Univ. of Calif. SAREP Cover Crops Resource Page. http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ 222 Millhollon, E.P. 1994.Winter cover crops improve cotton production and soil fertility in Northwest Louisiana. La.Ag. 37:26-27. 223 Mishanec, John. 1996. Use of sorghumsudangrass for improved yield and quality of vegetables produced on mineral and muck soils in New York: Part II—Sudan trials on muck soils in Orange County. Research report. Cornell Cooperative Extension. Ithaca, N.Y. 224 Mishanec, John. 1997. Personal communication. Ithaca, N.Y. 225 Mississippi State Univ. website. http://ext.msstate.edu/pubs/ 190 MANAGING COVER CROPS PROFITABLY
226 Mohler, Charles L. 1994.A living mulch (white clover)/dead mulch (compost) weed control system for winter squash. Unpublished research paper. Ecology and Systematics, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. 227 Mojtahedi, H. et al. 1993. Suppression of Meloidogyne chitwoodi with sudangrass cultivars as green manure. J. Nematol. 25:303-311. 228 Moomaw, R.S. 1995. Selected cover crops established in early soybean growth stage. J. Soil and Water Cons. 50:82-86. 229 Moore, Steve. 1997. Personal communication. Center for Sustainable Living. Wilson College. Chambersburg, Pa. 230 Moyer, Jeff. 1997. Personal communication. Rodale Institute Experimental Farm. Kutztown, Pa. 231 Moynihan, J.M. et al. 1996. Intercropping barley and annual medics. In Cover Crops Symposium Proceedings. Michigan State Univ., W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Battle Creek, Mich. 232 Muehlbauer, Frederick L. 1997. Personal communication.Washington State Univ. Pullman, Wash. 233 Munoz, Faustino N. 1987. Legumes for Orchard, Vegetable and Cereal Cropping Systems. Coop. Ext., Univ. of California, San Diego, Calif. 234 Munoz, F.N. 1988. Medics, general. Univ. of Calif. SAREP Cover Crops Resource Page. http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ 235 Munoz, Faustino N. and Walter Graves. Medics, general. Univ. of Calif. SAREP Cover Crops Resource Page. http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ 236 Murphy,A.H. et al. 1976. Medic, bur. Univ. of Calif. SAREP Cover Crops Resource Page. http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ 237 Murray, Glen A. 1997. Personal communication. Univ. of Idaho. Moscow, Idaho. 238 Mutch, D.R., Gary L. Zehr,Todd E. Martin and Tim Duckert. 1996. Evaluation of low-input corn system. In Cover Crops Symposium Proceedings. Michigan State Univ.,W.K. Kellogg Biological Station. Battle Creek, Mich. 239 Mutch, D.R. et al. 1996. Evaluation of overseeded cover crops at several corn growth stages on corn yield. In Cover Crops Symposium Proceedings. Michigan State Univ.,W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Battle Creek, Mich. 240 Mutch, Dale R. 1997. Personal communication. Michigan State Univ. Hickory Corners, Mich. 241 Mwaja,V.N., J.B. Masiunas and C.E. Eastman. 1996. Rye and hairy vetch intercrop management in fresh-market vegetables. J.Amer. Soc Hort. 121:586-591. 242 Myers, Robert L. and Louis J. Meinke. 1994. Buckwheat:A Multi-Purpose, Short-Season Alternative. MU Guide G 4306. Univ. Extension, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia. 243 Nafziger, E.D. 1994. Corn planting date and plant population. J. Prod.Agric. 7:59-62. 244 National Assn.of Wheat Growers Foundation. 1995.Best Management Practices for Wheat:A Guide to Profitable and Environmentally Sound Production.National Assn.of Wheat Growers Foundation.Washington,D.C. 245 Nimbal, C.I., J. Pederson, C.N.Yerkes, L.A. Weston and S.C.Weller. 1996. Phytotoxicity and distribution of sorgoleone in grain sorghum germplasm. J.Agric. Food Chem. 44:1343-1347. BIBLIOGRAPHY 191
Page 1 and 2:
$19.00 Managing Cover Crops Profita
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE NETWORK THE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book represent
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FOREWORD Cover crops slow erosion,
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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Think of this
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BENEFITS OF COVER CROPS Cover crops
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decompose quickly, especially in wa
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Expect excessive field traffic arou
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5. Settle for the Best Available Co
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ORGANIC MATTER ADDITIONS The benefi
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Cover Crops Can Stabilize Your Soil
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generally a good idea to kill a leg
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• For perennial legumes that have
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MANAGING PESTS WITH COVER CROPS By
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The farmers get weed control by fla
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insects. This approach has been use
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• Subterranean Clover (Trifolium
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does no direct tillage, but aggress
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eplace the cover crop before beans,
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as buckwheat, cowpeas, sorghum-suda
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the couple harrows every two to thr
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Start Where You Are In many instanc
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INTRODUCTION TO CHARTS The four com
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pH Preferred. The pH range in which
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Chart 1 TOP REGIONAL COVER CROP SPE
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Chart 2 PERFORMANCE AND ROLES conti
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Chart 3B PLANTING Cost Cost/A Inoc.
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Chart 4B POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGES Sp
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ANNUAL RYEGRASS Lolium multiflorum
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prolonged heat, cold or drought.Tha
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crop for establishing a forage or l
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arley plants from fungus, armyworm
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can increase the fertilizer replace
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cultural and local considerations t
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(339), and by 99 percent in a Calif
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Killing & Controlling Nutrient avai
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ye/vetch/crimson clover,for example
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• In the Corn Belt and northern U
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Wheat Offers High-Value Weed Contro
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BUCKWHEAT Fagopyrum esculentum Type
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Rotations Buckwheat is used most co
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plants fractured subsoil compaction
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press some species of nematodes. Sp
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Incorporated sorghum-sudangrass res
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lodge soil particles. Sunlight is u
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Crimson-Berseem Clover Combo Works
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in water-use efficiency in the tria
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Microorganisms mineralize, or conve
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COWPEAS Vigna unguiculata Also call
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control if you go with rows, using
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drought-tolerant sorghum-sudangrass
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several winter annual legumes that
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In Ohio, crimson clover mixed with
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FIELD PEAS Pisum sativum subsp. arv
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Chill tolerant. Austrian winter pea
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In a “Flexible Green Manure” cr
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values from 13 to 34,but were gener
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year Maryland study that also inclu
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possible, but remember that hairy v
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especially in winter grains. With w
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less biomass than overwintering sta
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Jess Counts on GEORGE for N and Org
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after mid-April planting in souther
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second cutting. Regrowth comes from
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RED CLOVER Trifolium pratense Also
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MANAGEMENT Establishment & Fieldwor
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it function more like a biennial th
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Subclover cultivars often are descr
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trample in the seed. Subclover ofte
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Crop Systems Interseeded with wheat
Page 141 and 142: SWEETCLOVERS Yellow sweetclover (Me
Page 143 and 144: difficult to establish annual cover
Page 145 and 146: Spring seeding provides yellow swee
Page 147 and 148: enhances soil fertility, texture an
Page 149 and 150: WHITE CLOVER Trifolium repens Also
Page 151 and 152: for several freeze-thaw cycles. Mak
Page 153 and 154: COMPARATIVE NOTES • White clover
Page 155 and 156: Fall planting. Most growers seed at
Page 157 and 158: combining with a belt-type rubber p
Page 159 and 160: Then seed the remainder while walki
Page 161 and 162: screening, a number of farmers have
Page 163 and 164: the seed is relatively expensive. B
Page 165 and 166: Dyer, David A. 1998. Conservation L
Page 167 and 168: OTHER RESOURCES Cover Crops On The
Page 169 and 170: Cal/West Seeds Box 1428 Woodland, C
Page 171 and 172: Pick Seed Canada P.O. Box 304 1 Gre
Page 173 and 174: SARE Northeast Region Office Univer
Page 175 and 176: APPENDIX F REGIONAL EXPERTS These i
Page 177 and 178: David W. Wolfe Cornell University 1
Page 179 and 180: Bob Burdette Southern Seed Certific
Page 181 and 182: Shiou Kuo Washington State Universi
Page 183 and 184: 20 Bird, George. 1997. Personal com
Page 185 and 186: 59 Clark,A.J. 1993. Managing hairy
Page 187 and 188: 102 Fernholz, Carmen. 1997. Persona
Page 189 and 190: 141 Helm, J.L. and Dwain Meyer. 199
Page 191: 186 Koume, C.N. et al. 1988. Screen
Page 195 and 196: 267 Plumer, Mike. 1997. Personal co
Page 197 and 198: 309 Shrestha,A. et al. 1996.“Annu
Page 199 and 200: 352 Varco, J.J., J.O. Sanford and J
Page 201 and 202: Bulk Discounts: Except as indicated
Page 203 and 204: INDEX A Alfalfa, 10, 42, 84, 88, 94
Page 205 and 206: performance and roles, 48-49 planti
Page 207 and 208: sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, 85 subt
Page 209 and 210: subterranean clovers, 133, 137 swee
Page 211 and 212: comparative notes, 71 crop systems,
Page 213 and 214: crimson clover for, 102, 103 crop r
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