Vattenfall aB GeneRatIOn nORDIC CeRtIfIeD enVIROnmental ...

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2 PRODUCER AND PRODUCT Seitevare Harsprånget Stalon Juktan Umluspen Porsi Boden Stornorrfors FINLAND Pamilo Bergeforsen SWEDEN Älvkarleby Upperud Olidan Hojum The map shows selected hydropower power stations in Sweden and Finland. © Vattenfall AB Generation Nordic 2008 5
2 PRODUCER AND PRODUCT 2.4 Electricity Transmission and Distribution The power network comprises transmission and distribution systems consisting of numerous lines, cables, transformers, and switchgears. The national grid voltage is transformed to lower voltages for distribution over distribution networks and local networks to consumers. Large customers, e.g. many industries, are frequently connected to the high or medium voltage distribution network (10–130 kV), while small users such as single households are connected at 0,4 kV to low voltage local networks. Transmission and distribution losses depend on several factors, such as distance, load, feed voltage, and user connection voltage. In the diagram below the average distribution losses are shown. To an industrial customer connected to 70/130 kV the average distribution loss is 3 % if the power station feeds the national grid. The loss to a household customer in the countryside amounts to app. 9 %. National grid 220/400 kV Regional grid 70/130 kV Local network, urban 70/130 kV Local network, rural 10-40 kV Local network, urban 10-50 kV Local network, rural 0,4 kV Local network, urban 0,4 kV 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 % of electricity generated Average distribution losses at different voltages in Sweden accumulated from the national grid. Source: Vattenfall AB © Vattenfall AB Generation Nordic 2008 6
Page 1 and 2: Vattenfall AB GENERATION NORDIC Cer
Page 3 and 4: SUmmary Distribution of electricity
Page 5 and 6: Content 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Declar
Page 7 and 8: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.3 Vattenfall, LCA,
Page 9: 2 PRODUCER AND PRODUCT Vattenfall h
Page 13 and 14: 3 Environmental performance based o
Page 15 and 16: 3 Environmental performance BASEd o
Page 30 and 31: 4 Additional environmental informat
Page 48 and 49: 5 Information from the CERTIFICATIO

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