Vattenfall aB GeneRatIOn nORDIC CeRtIfIeD enVIROnmental ...

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3 Environmental performance BASEd on LCA biomass is calculated and reported for the lifetime of 100 years (for reservoirs), and distributed over electricity generation in the same amount of time. Concrete production, groundwork and transportation in conjunction with construction and reinvestments in dams, waterways and powerhouses cause app. 17 % of the greenhouse gas emissions and construction and reinvestment of machinery about 8 %. Downstream process contribute less than 1 %, caused by inspection trips. Downstream process – infrastructure contribute app. 20 % of total greenhouse gas emissions. Downstream – distribution losses contribute 3 %. 3.3.3.3 Emissions of ozone-depleting substances The use of ozone depleting coolants has been phased out from all Vattenfall’s hydropower stations and the emissions from the Core process are related to the incineration of operational waste. The main lifecycle emissions (46 %) emanate during construction of power networks, downstream process – infrastructure. Manufacturing of advanced components such as generators and turbines contribute app. 8 %. Remaining emissions occur during electricity generation, production of mould wood, oils and explosives and during incineration of mould wood and waste oil. These emissions are probably overestimated, because the applied selected generic data on electricity generation and production of materials and fuels are a couple of years old and ozone-depleting substances have been and are being phased out throughout the western world. 4,0 . 10 -8 Emissions av ozone-depleting gases, total of 7,8.10 -8 g CFC-11-eq./kWh (Core process 4,2.10 -10 g CFC-11-eq./kWh) 3,5 . 10 -8 g CFC-11-eq./kWh 3,0 . 10 -8 2,5 . 10 -8 2,0 . 10 -8 1,5 . 10 -8 1,0 . 10 -8 0,5 . 10 -8 0 Upstream process Core process Core process – infrastructure Downstream process Downstream process – infrastructure Downstream – distribution losses 3.3.3.4 Emissions of acidifying substances Emissions of NO X and SO 2 are the main contributors to acidification, accounting for app. 42 % and app. 54 %, respectively. Emissions occur mainly during construction of power stations, dams and distribution networks. © Vattenfall AB Generation Nordic 2008 17
3 Environmental performance BASEd on LCA 0,006 Emissions of acidifying substances, total of 0,0098 g SO 2 -eq./kWh (Core process 0,00018 g SO 2 -eq./kWh) 0,005 g SO 2 -eq./kWh 0,004 0,003 0,002 0,001 0 Upstream process Core process Core process – infrastructure Downstream process Downstream process – infrastructure Downstream – distribution losses 3.3.3.5 Emissions of substances potentially contributing to ground-level ozone In the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight various types of hydrocarbons in the air may give rise to photochemical oxidants, primarily ozone. The main contribution is related to the construction of power networks, app. 57 %. Other large contributions are related to the Core process - infrastructure, app. 39 %, where the production of steel dominates. 0,0012 Emissions of substances contributing to ground-level ozone, total of 0,0020 g ethene-eq./kWh (Core process 0,0000063 g ethene-eq./kWh) 0,0010 g ethene-eq./kWh 0,0008 0,0006 0,0004 0,0002 0 Upstream process Core process Core process – infrastructure Downstream process Downstream process – infrastructure Downstream – distribution losses © Vattenfall AB Generation Nordic 2008 18
Page 1 and 2: Vattenfall AB GENERATION NORDIC Cer
Page 3 and 4: SUmmary Distribution of electricity
Page 5 and 6: Content 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Declar
Page 7 and 8: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.3 Vattenfall, LCA,
Page 9 and 10: 2 PRODUCER AND PRODUCT Vattenfall h
Page 11 and 12: 2 PRODUCER AND PRODUCT 2.4 Electric
Page 13 and 14: 3 Environmental performance based o
Page 15 and 16: 3 Environmental performance BASEd o
Page 30 and 31: 4 Additional environmental informat
Page 48 and 49: 5 Information from the CERTIFICATIO

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