remember!-\t:ti:t;",

$'riting reference (Paper' 2)
I
Useful linking words and phrases
Time sequencers
before, after, after a while, eventually, late4 then, finally,
as soon as, at first, at last, when, while
I immediately phoned the police. While I was waiting for
them to arrive, I watched the house.
At first, no one got out of the car, but after a while
the driver's door opened.
And then lfinally found what lwas looking for.
Listing points
first, firstly, first of all, to begin with, secondly, thirdly,
finally
Our holiday was spoiled, firstly because the hotel was
uncomfortable and secondly because the weather was
bad.
Adding information/emphasising points
as well as (that), in addition (to), moreove4 furthermore,
not only ... (but also) ..., what's more, on top of that, to
make matters worse, in fact, as a matter of fact
The hotel was miles from the beach. On top of that, the
view from our bedroom window was terrible.
Not only was the hotel miles from the beach, but the
view from our bedroom window was terrible too!
ln fact, everyone is different when it comes to personal
taste.
Giving examples
for example, for instance, such as
I like pop groups such as The Backstreet Boys.
My town has a lot of things for young people to do. For
example, there are three cinemas.
Reasons, causes and results
as a result, because, because of (this), so, therefore
I have visited Britain several times and, as a result, my
English is quite good.
By the end of the day, you haven't managed to find
anything that you like. So, you go home frustrated.
Contrast
1 but
But links two contrasting ideas. lt is not normally used
at the beginning of the sentence.
Many people argue that TV is bad for you, but I
disagree with this.
2 however
However can come at the beginning or end of a
sentence. lt must be separated off by commas.
The advert claimed that there were huge discounts for
students. However, the discount was only 5ok.
I love travelling. I don't enjoy long flights,
however.
although, even though, though
These expressions introduce a subordinate clause of
contrast. lf the subordinate clause comes first, it is
separated from the main clause by a comma.
Although he practised every day, he didn't manage
to improve.
I walked home even though it took me two hours.
Note: though can be used after a comma at the
end of a separate sentence that expresses
something surprising.
We lived in the middle of a city. We still had a large
garden, though.
whereas, while
Whereas and while are used to compare two things
and show how they are different.
She likes football whereas I prefer tennis.
My sister is very like my father while I take after
my mother.
While is also used in the same way as although.
While computers are important, we shouldn't let
them rule our lives.
in spite of (the fact that), despite (the fact that)
These expressions must be followed by a noun or
-ing f orm. Despite is slightly more formal.
In spite of the fact that they are expensive, many
people want to buy designer clothes.
Despite all the research that has been done, we
still haven't found a cure for cancer.
in fact, the fact of the matter is
This is used when you are saying what the real
truth of a situation is.
According to the brochure, the service is free for
students. ln fact, students are charged at the same
rate as everyone else.
On (the) one hand .... On the other hand ...
These expressions are used to introduce an opposite
point in a discussion.
(On the one hand,) if I take the job in Milan, l'll
be able to go to the opera. On the other hand, if
I take the job in Barcelona, l'll be able to go to the
beach.
otherwise
This is used to say what will happen if something
else does not happen first.
You have to choose your holiday carefully.
Otherwise, you could be disappointed.