Link to the report - Fao - Copemed

CopeMed II – ArtFiMed Technical Documents Nº21 

(GCP/INT/028/SPA – GCP/INT/006/EC) 

REPORT OF THE AD HOC SCIENTIFIC 

WORKING GROUP BETWEEN MOROCCO AND 

SPAIN ON Pagellus bogaraveo IN THE STRAIT OF 

GIBRALTAR AREA 

November 2011

The conclusions and recommendations given in this 

document and in other documents in the Co-ordination to 

Support Fisheries Management in the Western and Central 

Mediterranean CopeMed II Project series are those 

considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may 

be modified in the light of further knowledge gained in 

subsequent stages of the Project. The designation employed 

and the presentation of material in this publication do not 

imply the expression of any opinion on the part of Food and 

Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO, the 

Government of Spain or the Commission of the European 

Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, 

city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers 

or boundaries. This document has been financed by the 

European Union and the Government of Spain. The views 

expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the 

official opinion of the European Union or the Government 

of Spain.

Preface 

The CopeMed II Project on Co-ordination to Support Fisheries Management in the 

Western and Central Mediterranean is executed by the Food and Agriculture 

Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Government of Spain, 

represented by the Secretaría General del Mar, and the European Union, represented by 

the European Commission (EC). 

The objective of the project is to maintain the sustainability of the marine fisheries in 

the central and western Mediterranean Sea and its ecosystem, taking into consideration 

environmental, biological, economic, social and institutional issues. In addition, the 

project will continue to reinforce the collaboration among the participating countries of 

the sub-region by supporting their participation in the activities of the Scientific 

Advisory Committee (SAC) of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean 

(GFCM). 

Regions covered by CopeMed II are the western and central sub-regions of the 

Mediterranean. Countries involved are Algeria, France, Italy, Libya, Malta, Morocco, 

Tunisia and Spain. The main beneficiaries are the fishery policy-makers, managers and 

fishery administrations in the western and central Mediterranean countries. The project is 

also contributing to the strengthening of regional collaboration by supporting the 

participation of the countries in relevant regional scientific organizations, such as the 

FAO’s General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean and the International 

Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). Secondary beneficiaries 

include the national research institutes, fishers and fishers’ associations, and industrial 

organizations. 

Project CopeMed II (FAO-FIRF) 

Subdelegación del Gobierno en Málaga 

Paseo de Sancha 64, Offices 305-307 

29071 Málaga 

Spain 

Tel: (+34) 952 989299 

Fax: (+34) 952 989252 

E-mail: artfimed@fao.org 

URL: http://www.faoartfimed.org 

This document is printed on 

paper 

iii

CopeMed II (GCP/INT/028/SPA – GCP/INT/006/EC) and 

ArtFiMed (GCP/RAB/005/SPA) Publications 

CopeMed II – ArtFiMed project publications are issued in the CopeMed II Technical 

Documents series and are related to meetings, missions and research organized or 

conducted within the framework of the CopeMed II and ArtFiMed Projects. 

Comments on this document would be welcomed and should be sent to the Project 

headquarters: 

Project CopeMed II 



29071 Málaga (España) 

copemed@fao.org 

Project ArtFiMed 



29071 Málaga (España) 

artfimed@fao.org 

For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follow: 

CopeMed II. 2011. Report of the ad hoc scientific Working Group between Morocco and Spain 

on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar area. CopeMed II–ArtFiMed Technical 

Documents Nº21 (GCP/INT/028/SPA – GCP/INT/006/EC). Málaga, 2011. 44pp. 

iv

Preparation of this document 

This document is the final version of the report of the meeting of the Working Group 

between Morocco and Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar area, 

prepared by the Project CopeMed II. 

Acknowledgements 

CopeMed II acknowledges the participation of all experts in the ad hoc scientific 

Working Group between Morocco and Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Strait of 

Gibraltar area. 

n 

CopeMed II. 2011. Report of the ad hoc scientific Working Group between 

Morocco and Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar area. CopeMed 

II–ArtFiMed Technical Documents Nº21 (GCP/INT/028/SPA – GCP/INT/006/EC). 

Málaga, 2011. 44pp. 

ABSTRACT 

The creation of the ad hoc scientific Working Group between Morocco and Spain on 

Pagellus bogaraveo in the Gibraltar Strait Area was proposed by the GFCM 

Scientific Advisory Committee to FAO-CopeMed II to analyse the available 

information on the stock and fishery of Pagellus bogaraveo in this area. 

The currently available information on P. bogaraveo, both in terms of fishery 

statistics and of biological parameters, and the stock assessment methodologies 

presented by Morocco and Spain to regional fishery organizations and other relevant 

scientific committees were reviewed. 

Possible new methods for the evaluation of commercial fishery data and the 

feasibility of joint management measures were discussed with the aim of defining a 

proposal on the data required to perform future assessments and to apply a 

methodology for the management of the P. bogaraveo fishery. A joint work plan 

between the Moroccan and Spanish research institutions (INRH and IEO) for the 

Pagellus bogaraveo stock in the Strait of Gibraltar and the organization of a 

workshop in September 2010 to conduct a joint assessment on the P. bogaraveo 

stock in the Strait of Gibraltar was agreed by the working group. 

v

CONTENTS 

1. Opening of the meeting and designation of chairperson and rapporteur .................. 1 

2. Adoption of the Agenda ............................................................................................ 1 

3. Objectives of the meeting ......................................................................................... 2 

4. Report of Morocco on the P. bogaraveo fishery ...................................................... 2 

5. ArtFiMed report on the P. bogaraveo fishery in Dikky (Morocco) ......................... 3 

6. Report of Spain on the P. bogaraveo fishery ............................................................ 3 

7. Stocks assessment methodologies. Stocks assessment presented to ICES, GFCM, 

and other scientific bodies ....................................................................................... 5 

8. Data needs for future joint stock assessments for management purposes ................ 8 

9. A joint research work plan for P. bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar What do we 

need What do we have ......................................................................................... 8 

10. Recovery and/or management plans implemented for P. bogaraveo .................... 10 

11. Conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................ 11 

12. Other matters .......................................................................................................... 11 

ANNEXES 

Annex I. List of participants ........................................................................................... 13 

Annex II. Agenda ............................................................................................................ 14 

Annex III. Introduction and Objectives of the meeting .................................................. 15 

Annex IV. Rapport sur l’état de la pêcherie de la dorade rose (Pagellus bogaraveo) du 

Détroit de Gibraltar ......................................................................................................... 21 

Annex V. ArtFiMed report on the P. Bogaraveo fishery in Dikky (Morocco)............... 28 

Annex VI. Report of Spain on the P. bogaraveo fishery ................................................ 31 

Annex VII. Report of Spain on the P. bogaraveo fishery ............................................... 36 

Annex VIII. Términos de Referencia y Agenda de Trabajo en vistas a una posible 

reunión entre científicos españoles y marroquíes sobre la pesquería del voraz del 

Estrecho de Gibraltar ...................................................................................................... 42 

Annex IX. References..................................................................................................... 44 

vi

1. Opening of the meeting and designation of chairperson and rapporteur 

The meeting was called to order by Mr. Juan A. Camiñas, Coordinator of the FAO- 

CopeMed II project, who welcomed the participants from Morocco and Spain (Annex I) 

to the meeting. 

He thanked the experts from Morocco’s Institut National des Ressources Halieutiques 

(INRH) and Spain’s Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) for their participation, and 

the Direccin General de Pesca y Acuicultura of the Junta de Andalucía for its support 

and for the preparation of the documents for the meeting. He reminded the participants 

that the meeting was a recommendation of the GFCM’s Scientific Advisory Committee 

(Budva, Montenegro, 25-29 January 2010) for the joint evaluation by Morocco and 

Spain of the Strait of Gibraltar red seabream stock. 

Mr. Camiñas also thanked the Subdelegación del Gobierno in Málaga for the facilities 

made available to CopeMed II for this bilateral Morocco-Spain meeting. 

Mr. A. García (IEO) was designated Chairperson of the meeting and a representative of 

CopeMed, rapporteur. 

2. Adoption of the Agenda 

Mr. Camiñas proposed to add a new item to the Provisional Agenda under section 5, 

entitled "ArtFiMed report on the P. bogaraveo fishery in Dikky (Morocco)". He 

explained that, within the activities of the FAO-ArtFiMed 1 , coordinated by CopeMed II, 

a system of fishery monitoring had been set up, with the collaboration of the fishermen. 

ArtFiMed prepared a document that will be shown at the meeting following the INRH 

experts’ presentations, to complete the picture of the red seabream fishery of Morocco. 

The Agenda was adopted and is in Annex II. 

At the request of the Chairperson, experts from IEO and INRH commented on the 

research and monitoring related to the red seabream fishery. Representatives of the 

Junta de Andalucía pointed out their responsibility in monitoring via the Location and 

Tracking System of Andalusian Fishing Vessels (SLSEPA) and the analysis of the data 

compiled. 

Mrs. Belcaid noted that the INRH in Tangier focuses on the red seabream longline 

fishery landings at this port. Mr. Kada commented that the trawling fleets from Nador 

and other Moroccan ports also catch the red seabream, so the INRH is working on a 

common strategy for the area. 

Mr. Gil of the IEO’s Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz reported on red seabream research 

being carried out in collaboration with the Junta de Andalucía, highlighting the 

biological and fishery information that was generated and incorporated into the analysis 

carried out by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)’s 

Working Group on Deepwater Fisheries. Stock assessments of the ICES Region IX 

have been presented since 2006. 

1 FAO project for the Sustainable Development of Artisanal Mediterranean Fisheries in Morocco and 

Tunisia. 

1

Mr. Baro (IEO) pointed out that the Spanish trawl fisheries take this species as by-catch, 

making it necessary to estimate the amount so as to be able to assess the total catch. He 

also indicated that, as the Strait of Gibraltar is a border region between different 

Regional Fishery Organizations (ICES, CECAF, GFCM) it has to be decided in which 

RFO the evaluations are presented. 

The Chairperson emphasized that the stock entails significant challenges from the 

scientific point of view, since there is not enough information on all life-cycle stages, 

spawning and nursery areas, nor on the distribution limits. The species is associated 

with special hydrographical and ecological conditions in this area and is a stock shared 

by Morocco and Spain, without excluding others (e.g. Portugal) that could exploit it too, 

as ICES so considers. 

3. Objectives of the meeting 

Mr. Camiñas outlined the objectives (Annex III) and informed the participants that the 

SAC had proposed the establishment of a joint Working Group between Morocco and 

Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar area, to organize a meeting of 

Spanish and Moroccan scientists to analyse the existing information on the stock and 

fishery of Pagellus bogaraveo. CopeMed II was requested to support the organization 

and running of this meeting. He recalled that during the CopeMed II meeting on shared 

stocks (Málaga, 29-30 April 2010) some aspects of their definition were agreed. This 

meeting also agreed that the Pagellus bogaraveo issue would be dealt with by the Subregional 

Working Group on Demersal Shared Stocks in the CopeMed II and 

MedSudMed areas. 

A revision of the assessments of the P. bogaraveo stocks carried out by the GFCM-SAC 

Sub-Committee on Stock Assessment (SCSA) in GSA01 and GSA03 showed that only 

a single assessment had been carried out by the INRH in GSA03 during 2009. 

4. Report of Morocco on the P. bogaraveo fishery 

Mrs. Belcaid (INRH) presented a summary of the document on Morocco’s red seabream 

fishery (Annex IV) carried out by longliners based in Tangier, in the Strait of Gibraltar. 

The abundance of P. bogaraveo in this region is not significant, but its economic value 

and European market demand have allowed the development of an artisanal longline 

fishery. This activity is carried out throughout the year, mainly between Cape Spartel 

and Dalia beach (at Cape Punta Cires) at great depths, by a hundred longline vessels and 

about 470 artisanal boats, employing about 2200 fishermen. In 2009, 60% of the 

Tangier fleet catch comprised adults (size > 34 cm); however, INRH did not carry out 

growth studies. 

Mr. Kada pointed out that, for GSA03, there is a wide disparity in the species 

distribution, which results in significant changes in the landings. The most important 

landing points are Tangier and the fishing sites of Ksar Shgir and Dikky, with over 64% 

of the total catch of this species coming from the Moroccan Mediterranean; in the ports 

of Al Hoceima and Nador, the trawlers’ contribution, for this species, is 29% and 7% of 

the total landings, respectively. 

2

For the collection of data on catches and fishing effort, the Moroccan National Fisheries 

Office (ONP) has established a system for monitoring daily landings at major ports (the 

MAIA system), which has been operational since 2003. 

During the discussion, the lack of data in the INRH report on red seabream artisanal 

fisheries was pointed out, as was the fact that Moroccan experts do not have that 

information. 

The INRH samples the total catch sizes of a vessel in Tangier. Concurrent sampling 

could give biased information on catch sizes because, according to studies performed in 

Spain, onboard length-distribution samples are significantly different from the length 

distribution in landings from the entire fleet, making it reasonable to assume some 

association between sizes and specific stocks. Therefore, it would be advisable to 

perform random sampling (stratified by market category) of the landings rather than a 

concurrent sampling of a single vessel 2 . 

5. ArtFiMed report on the P. bogaraveo fishery in Dikky (Morocco) 

Mr. Bernardon presented the report on artisanal fisheries of P.bogaraveo in Dikky 

(Annex V) developed within the ArtFiMed project, based on information gathered 

through studies, surveys and data from the ArtFiMed artisanal fisheries tracking system 

in Dikky. This report provides detailed information on all components of the Dikky 

fishery sector and can provide important information for understanding the exploitation 

of red seabream in Morocco and to estimate the importance of this fishery for the 

artisanal sector in Morocco. 

This longline fishery is carried out from Dikky throughout the year by fifty artisanal 

boats; it catches about 25 tons/year of P. bogaraveo for exportation, and provides about 

30% of the income of fishermen, representing a turnover of about 3600 €/year/boat. 

Mr. Bernardon reported that Mr. Lamtai (INRH, Tangier) was collaborating with 

CopeMed II, as part of his Master degree course (CIHEAM-UB-SGMar), and was 

writing a report on the red seabream value chain. Subsequent discussions highlighted 

the fact that the ArtFiMed artisanal fishery monitoring system in Dikky is the only one 

currently providing statistical data on the activities of artisanal fisheries targeting P. 

bogaraveo in the Moroccan Mediterranean. The system, operational since March 2010, 

will allow updating and refinement of the information on this fishery (fishing effort, 

production, yield, commercial classes, market price, etc.). A replication of this system 

in other places would allow the evaluation of the production, fishing effort and socioeconomic 

importance of this fishery. The red seabream catches data in the Strait of 

Gibraltar can be considered for future assessments of this shared stock. 

6. Report of Spain on the P. bogaraveo fishery 

Mr. Gil presented a document (Annex VI) outlining the various aspects of fisheries, 

research and evaluations on Pagellus bogaraveo that have been taking place in Spain 

since 2003. Since the earlies 1980s, an artisanal handline fishery has targeted P. 

bogaraveo, known locally as voraz, in the Strait of Gibraltar (ICES sub-area IXa south). 

2 Available: The vertical distribution of this species varies according to individual size (Desbrosses, 1938; 

Gueguen, 1974; Silva et al., 1994; Gil, 2006). 

3

The fishing gear, known locally as the voracera, is a mechanized handline baited with 

sardine. In the early years, there were only twenty-five small vessels, whereas currently 

there are more than one hundred. The main base ports are Tarifa and Algeciras. 

Landings are usually distributed in several commercial categories, owing to the wide 

range of sizes and for market reasons. Nowadays this fishery represents almost 70% of 

the total landings for the species in the ICES sub-area IX. Information available has 

been presented to the ICES’s Working Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep 

Sea Fisheries Resources (WGDEEP) from 2000 onwards. 

The Spanish voraz fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar is almost a monospecific fishery 

with one clear target species, Pagellus bogaraveo, which represents 74% of the total 

landings sold under four market categories: >1300 g (known as burros); from 850 to 

1300 g (known as tamaño); from 550 to 850 g (known as mediano); and from 350 to 

550 g (known as pequeño). The fishery and its target species have already been broadly 

described in several papers and was also the main focus of a PhD Thesis (Gil, 2006). 

The spawning season seems to take place during the first quarter of the year. The 

species’ reproductive type is protandric hermaphroditic. The smallest specimens are 

mainly males, maturing at an L 50 =30.15 cm. At a total length of around 32.5 cm a 

significant proportion of individuals become females. Females mature at an 

L 50 =35.73 cm. 

Mr. Del Olmo (Consejería de Pesca y Agricultura, Junta de Andalucía) introduced the 

Location and Tracking System for Andalusian Fishing Vessels (SLSEPA) with respect 

to the red seabream fleet (Annex VII). This system was implemented in Andalucía since 

the adoption of the red seabream recovery plan (Pagellus bogaraveo) on the Andalusian 

coast (Resolution of the General Directorate for Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Junta 

de Andalucía, 30 December 2002) and of the management of the voracera fleet 

operating in the Strait of Gibraltar, for the period 2003–2005 (Boletín Oficial de la Junta 

de Andalucía No. 14, 22 January 2003). Resolution of the General Directorate for 

Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Junta de Andalucía (25 February 2010) established an 

input and output port schedule for the fleet operating in the area and compelled the 

installation of SLSEPA in all vessels. 

SLSEPA has several aims: (i) to know the state of the fish stocks and the movements of 

the fishing fleet; (ii) to monitor compliance with the laws; and (iii) to support safety at 

sea. SLSEPA is based on location data (latitude, longitude and time) provided by the 

Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites to a control centre, and their subsequent 

interpretation by the appropriate computer applications. SLSEPA allows the sending of 

high-frequency location data (every three minutes) at a very low cost, via the General 

Packet Radio Service (GPRS). 

The device installed on each vessel is called the On-board Remote Station (Estacin 

remota embarcada, ERE), also known as the "green box". All the 91 Andalusian vessels 

dedicated to the red seabream fishery have installed the ERE. Vessels based in Ceuta 

included in the authorized vessels census for red seabream fisheries in the Strait of 

Gibraltar do not have any such control device. 

4

The Spanish red seabream fishing fleet operates in a regulated area between longitude 

5º47'95''W (Punta Camarinal, on the Spanish coast) and longitude 5º20'70''W (Punta 

Europa, on the Spanish coast). In this area (Fig. 1), the only fishery allowed is the 

"voracera" and the overall length of the vessels cannot exceed 120 m. 

Figure 1: Regulatory Area of the Red Seabream Fishery and Closed-Season Zone (image: DG Fisheries 

and Aquaculture, Junta de Andalucía). 

The presentation on SLSEPA resulted in a broad discussion of the importance of fishery 

control for appropriate resource management and the possibility that a similar control 

system could be implemented in Morocco. Experts considered that, based on the 

experience and the lessons learned from the Spanish monitoring and control system, a 

pilot experiment could be set up in Morocco using the SLSEPA and installing some 

ERE in Moroccan vessels. The pilot experiment should be seen as an opportunity for 

collaboration in applying a methodology for the control and monitoring of the 

Moroccan fishery management. 

The Chairperson noted that there is very important information which needs to be 

completed and updated in other documents in Morocco. Mr. Camiñas agreed to assist in 

the preparation of a bibliographic data base on the red seabream of the Strait of 

Gibraltar and to create a specific area for documentation in the web project. 

7. Stocks assessment methodologies. Stocks assessment presented to ICES, GFCM, 

and other scientific bodies 

ICES 

Historical series of landing data have been assessed by the ICES WGDEEP since 2006. 

The landing data used in the assessment exercise in ICES sub-area IX included Spanish 

and Portuguese landings from 1990 onwards. Landing length–frequency data for the 

Spanish red seabream fishery are only available in the Strait of Gibraltar. Annual agefrequency 

(catch at age) data were derived by the application of the combined Age- 

Length Key from the Strait of Gibraltar samples to the length-frequency distributions 

for sub-area IX landings. Age-4 individuals are the most represented in landings, even 

in the early years. 

5

In the last ICES Working Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep-Sea Fisheries 

Resources (WGDEEP) meeting (2010), the assessment was updated from the 2006 and 

2008 attempts. As in previous years, the assessment was considered as an exercise, 

owing to its relative uncertainty and consequently, that of the corresponding results, and 

was examined only in qualitative terms. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 2. Red seabream (ICES Sub-Area IX): spawning stock biomass (SSB) estimates from traditional 

virtual population analysis (VPA; separable analysis with a reference age: 4; S=0.4, F=0.3, default 

weighting values and considering, or not considering, age 10 as a real additional age group) (from ICES, 

2010). 

Nevertheless, based on the assessments, the recent increasing trend in the landings of 

this fishery may be considered unsustainable. Therefore, despite the uncertainty of the 

assessment exercise, fishing mortality rates should be reduced until reliable assessments 

prove the fishery’s sustainability. In this context, as in previous years, ICES advises 

“that catches in 2011 should be less than 500 T. which is a reduction from 2008-2009 

landings” (ICES/Advice Drafting Group DEEP, 2010). 

GFCM 

During the meeting of the GFCM-SAC Working Group on Stock Assessment on 

Demersal Species (Ancona, Italy, 19-23 October 2010), the evaluation of the red 

seabream stock targeted by Moroccan longliners in the Strait of Gibraltar was conducted 

through the biased pseudo-cohort analysis of the frequency and other parametric data. P. 

bogaraveo evaluation in Morocco was based on a length–cohort analysis (LCA), and 

average size frequencies for the years 2005-2007 were used, since the series is 

available. These data were obtained by sampling P. bogaraveo landed at the port of 

Tangier, and the data used were the official statistics. The growth and the length-weight 

parameters used were from the FAO FishBase (according to a Portuguese study), given 

the absence of a specific growth study on red seabream in Morocco. The model results 

showed that this species is reasonably exploited. 

After reviewing the results of assessments within ICES and GFCM, there was a 

discussion on the methodologies used. It was pointed out that the analytical assessments 

have the disadvantage of using a single (combined) age-length key (ALK) for all the 

series analysed; thus a constant growth is assumed, thus producing not realistic or 

appropriate results. According to ICES, the catches from the sub-area IXa (Spain and 

Portugal) stock would not be sustainable, as current catches are among the lower values 

6

of the series. ICES recommended catches less than 500 tons per year, although the 

European Commission’s total allowable catch (TAC) for 2010 was 780 tons, which is 

higher than the current catches. 

After discussing the different options for assessing the shared resource between 

Morocco and Spain in the Strait of Gibraltar, the possibility of applying an LCA with a 

series of four years (2005–2008) for both countries was considered. Likewise, holding a 

meeting at the IEO in Fuengirola (Málaga), to perform a joint evaluation on P. 

bogaraveo between Morocco and Spain, with the participation of Mrs. Belcaid and Mr. 

Gil, supported by Mr. Baro, was agreed. Tentative dates of 26–30 September 2010 were 

proposed. The Terms of Reference for the evaluation meeting are in section 8 of the 

present report. 

Sensitive habitats 

Considering the GFCM-SAC definition (Report of the 12th session. Budva, 

Montenegro, 25-29 January 2010) on "sensitive habitats", experts provided the 

following information related to the P. bogaraveo stock in the Strait of Gibraltar: the 

spawning season seems to take place during the first quarter of the year along the Strait 

of Gibraltar, where the mature individuals live (Gil, 2006). The species spends its early 

years in coastal areas (bays, breakwaters and even inside ports) on both sides of the 

Strait. Later, it moves away from these shelter areas and is recruited by the fishery (at 

three years of age). The species seems to remain in the Strait of Gibraltar continuing its 

growth and developing throughout such ontogenetic events as: maturation, spawning, 

gender change. Information on these facts originated from the tagging experiments 

carried out in the southern Mediterranean (tagging of juveniles) and in the Strait of 

Gibraltar (tagging of adults). 

Fishing zones in Morocco 

Red seabream is a sedentary species that lives at fairly great depths. In the Strait of 

Gibraltar the fishing zone extends to depths between 150 and 300 m, between Tangier 

and Cape Dalia. However, the search for this species is concentrated in specific areas 

such as Passo, Cotton and Salkiya, although the presence of P. bogaraveo throughout 

the Moroccan Mediterranean is evident, with variable abundance indexes, ranging from 

0.02 to 26 kg per trawl tow (INRH, trawl survey between 1988 and 2007). 

Egg and larval stages 

Like all Sparidae, P. bogaraveo eggs have no special features by which to distinguish 

them. The eggs are planktonic, about one millimetre in diameter and with a pigmented 

oil droplet located on the back of the ovoid yolk. The yolk is not segmented. It is very 

difficult to distinguish this kind of eggs from those of other species, especially in the 

Sparidae. In some ecosystems, such as that of the Gulf of Cádiz, this group is rather 

large and diverse. Sparidae larvae are distinguished by a triangular tract leading to the 

anus, located at one third of the standard length of the larva. The pigmentation of P. 

bogaraveo in the early larval stage is distinguished by a dorsal row of melanophores in 

the caudal, dorso-ventral band on the tail and a group of melanophores on the head. As 

it grows, the two pigment spots in the dorsal and ventral area are noticeable. 

7

Figure 3. Early stages of marine fishes ocurring in the Iberian Peninsula. Internet source. (Courtesy of: 

Re, P. & I. Meneses, 2009). 

8. Data needs for future joint stock assessments for management purposes 

The Working Group agreed that, during the evaluation meeting agreed (Málaga, 

September 2010) between INRH and IEO, and taking into account the results and the 

main uncertainties, and the analysis of the quality of results obtained in that evaluation, 

a detailed proposal on the required data (statistical and biological parameters) for future 

assessments will be prepared. The proposal will include the approximate dates for a new 

meeting of the WG on evaluation, if considered necessary, and the needs and conditions 

thereof. The Terms of Reference (further developed in Annex VIII) were proposed: 

- Identification of the exploited stock and its possible migration and/or relationships 

with other stocks. Location of red seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) catches in the Strait 

of Gibraltar. Analysis of the differences between the Spanish and Moroccan fisheries: 

vessels, fishing gear, historical series, etc. 

- Analysis of available information, both in terms of fishery statistics (catch, effort, size 

distributions) and of the biological parameters of the target species (reproduction, 

growth, feeding, etc.). 

- Review of the stock assessment methods used to date. Presentation of national 

assessments made so far in the international forums: ICES and GFCM. Discussion of 

the desirability of joint assessments (data and appropriate methodology). 

- Discussion of sampling plans and data acquisition. Data standardization possibilities. 

- Consideration of possible new evaluation methods based on the commercial fishery 

data or independently of it (campaigns). 

- Feasibility of joint management measures. Discussion of the adequacy of recovery 

plans in which the resource had been included (mainly by Spain). 

9. A joint research work plan for P. bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar What do 

we need What do we have 

The Working Group noted that, despite the efforts made by the INRH to obtain 

statistical and biological data, both the type of data and the frequency of sampling of the 

landings differed from those of the IEO. To facilitate discussion of data-sharing 

between the two institutions and the data needed to develop a joint work plan, two 

tables were prepared: one with the data/parameters currently available (Table 1); and 

another with the data/minimum-priority parameters that would be collected by the two 

institutions (Table 2). 

8

Table 1. Comparison of the data/parameters currently collected by IEO and INRH. 

Data INRH Periodicity IEO Periodicity Observations 

Landings X January- 

December 

(monthly) 

X Quarterly INRH data in Tangier. 

IEO data in Tarifa and Algeciras 

(although data are collected 

quarterly by boat and fishing day) 

Fishing effort X January- 

December 

(monthly) 

X Quarterly INRH data in Tangier. 


(although data are collected 

quarterly by boat and fishing day) 

Length-frequency 

distributions 

X Quarterly X Monthly Length-frequency distribution 

sampling in the port of Tangier. 

Length-frequency distribution 

sampling by commercial category 

(4) in the port of Tarifa 

Fishing grounds – – X Monthly Information from the "green 

boxes" (from 2008 onwards) and 

on-board observers programme 

(2005-2009) 

Biological 

parameters: 

1. Size 

2. Weight 

3. Sex 

4. EMS 

5. Age 

6. Food 

– – X Monthly Monthly biological sampling (± 60 

samples) from 2003 to 2009 

Table 2. Data/minimum-priority parameters collected by IEO and INRH. 

Data INRH Periodicity IEO Periodicity Observations 

Landings X January- 

December 

(monthly) 

X Quarterly INRH data in Tangier and artisanal 

fleet. 


Fishing effort X January- 

December 

(monthly) 

Length-frequency 

distributions 

X Quarterly INRH data in Tangier and artisanal 

fleet. 


X Monthly X Monthly INRH data in Tangier and artisanal 

fleet. 

Size sampling of all commercial 

categories at the port of Tangier. To 

estimate the catches of small 

specimens (non-commercial), the 

commercial sampling should be 

supplemented with size samples from 

the artisanal fisheries. 

Size sampling by commercial 

category (4) in the port of Tarifa. To 

estimate the catches of small 

specimens (non-commercial), the 

commercial sampling should be 

complemented by concurrent 

sampling (and/or by-catch sampling) 

on board the commercial fishing 

vessels 

9

Biological 

Parameters: 

1. Size 

2. Weight 

3. Sex 

4. EMS 

5. Age 

6. Food 

Estimated by-catch 

by trawlers 

X Monthly X Monthly At least three years. 

At least one full year of sampling 

every three years (triennial). 

IEO has not carried out biological 

sampling since 2010 

X Quarterly X Quarterly Estimated by-catch by trawlers based 

in the ports of Al Hoceima and M'diq 

Although the situation in both countries is not similar, the sampling systems used by 

both institutions for this stock should be strengthened. IEO carried out some of the 

biological studies in the framework of the IEO-Junta de Andalucía agreement, which 

ended in October 2010, so it is necessary to renew this agreement. 

INRH experts expressed the difficulties facing them in taking biological samples and 

considered it advisable to study the possibility of CopeMed II funding support for this 

purpose. Mr. Camiñas informed the participants that CopeMed II could contribute if 

there was a work plan agreed by the two national institutions, with established 

implementation deadlines, cost estimates and possible national contributions. Additional 

funding from other institutions (GFCM, EU, etc.) for priority activities in any joint 

work plan should also be considered. 

Another problem to be solved is the non-demarcation of the fishing areas for the 

Tangier fleet. INRH experts will carry out a survey of that port that will allow the 

fisheries of the Moroccan fleet to be defined and data to be provided. A similar effort 

should be made with the artisanal fleet, using available data (FAO-ArtFiMed in Dikky); 

it would also be desirable that the INRH conduct some surveys to identify the fishing 

areas of Ksar-Sghir and Ferdioua artisanal fishing fleets. If necessary, CopeMed II 

could provide support to conduct the Moroccan surveys. 

10.Recovery and/or management plans implemented for P. bogaraveo 

The purpose of this agenda item was to discuss existing plans, both in Morocco and 

Spain, for the management of the P. bogaraveo fishery. Since the relevant information 

was not available to the meeting, the possibility was considered that, in order to 

compare existing regulations and to work on them, experts from each country will 

prepare a brief summary of national fishery legislation relevant to the management of 

the red seabream fisheries and provide a copy of it to the WG. 

The regulation governing red seabream fisheries in Morocco is limited to the Order of 

the Minister of Agriculture and Marine Fisheries No. 3083-09DU 12 Muharram 1431 

(29 December 2009) amending and supplementing Decree No. 1154-88 of 20 Safar 

1409 (3 October 1988) which sets the minimum market size for red seabream at 25 cm. 

(fork length). In general, management measures implemented for the demersal fishery 

are limited to a regulation 50-mm mesh size for trawlers and a ban on fishing in the 

coastal strip within 3 miles east of the port of Al Hoceima and at a depth of less than 

80 m to the west of this port. 

For the Spanish fishery, see section 6. 

10

11.Conclusions and recommendations 

The WG pointed out the lack of data of Morocco on P. bogareaveo artisanal fisheries 

and recommended to update and to complete the available information and also to 

define the fishing areas of the Moroccan fleet for this species. 

ArtFiMed artisanal fishery monitoring system in Dikky is the only one currently 

providing statistical data on the activities of artisanal fisheries targeting P. bogaraveo in 

the Moroccan Mediterranean and the implementation of this system in other areas to 

improve evaluation of production, fishing effort and socioeconomic importance of this 

fishery in Morocco was recommended. 

Based on the experience and learned lessons with the Spanish monitoring and control 

system (SLSEPA), a pilot experience installing some ERE in Moroccan vessels, should 

be seen as an opportunity for collaboration between Morocco and Spain to improve the 

control and monitoring of Moroccan fishery. 

In order to strengthen sampling methodology and to analyse data sharing for this stock, 

a joint work plan between the Moroccan and Spanish institutions (INRH and IEO) for 

the P. bogaraveo stock in the Strait of Gibraltar was recommended. CopeMed II could 

support this initiative and additional funding from other institutions (GFCM, EU, etc.) 

to carry out priority activities should be also considered. 

CopeMed II compromised to assist in the preparation of a bibliographic database on the 

red seabream of the Strait of Gibraltar and to create a specific area for documentation in 

the web of the project. 

The WG agreed on organizing a joint assessment workshop on P. bogaraveo stock in 

the Strait of Gibraltar between Morocco and Spain next September 2010. 

12.Other matters 

Mr. Gil reported on his participation in the DEEPFISHMAN project 

(http://www.ifremer.fr/deepfishman) which is aimed at developing a range of strategy 

options for the management of deepwater fisheries in the north-east Atlantic. One of the 

case studies was related to artisanal fisheries and the one selected is a fishery for a 

vulnerable stock: red (blackspot) seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Strait of 

Gibraltar and the Bay of Biscay, coordinated by IEO (Spain). 

Mr. Camiñas reported on the AECID (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional 

para el Desarrollo) Programme (http://www.aecid.es/web/es/becas/pci/ PCI (Spain)) 

which can provide funding for the preparation of the joint Spain-Morocco Work Plan 

for the Management of the Red Seabream Fishery. The PCI includes funding for 

activities seeking support, as well as for ongoing projects 

(http://www.aecid.es/web/es/becas/pci/convocatorias/2010_07_02_convocatoria_PCI.ht 

ml). 

11

After discussing of the forthcoming activities of the ad hoc scientific Working Group 

between Morocco and Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar area, the 

meeting agreed on the following tentative activities and dates: 

Drafting of the Terms of Reference for the assessment WG (First joint 

assessment exercise on red seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) of the Strait of 

Gibraltar area between Spain and Morocco): 21-22 September 2010 

(responsible: J. Gil, CopeMed II). 

Finalization of the report of the present session of the ad hoc scientific Working 

Group between Morocco and Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Strait of 

Gibraltar area: 15 September 2010 (responsible: CopeMed II). 

Organization of the first meeting of the assessment WG (First joint assessment 

exercise on red seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo): Málaga, 2-3 days, starting on 

21 September 2010 (Coordination: IEO). 

Finalization of the report of the assessment WG (First joint assessment exercise 

on red seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo): 10 days after the first meeting of the 

assessment WG (Chair of the WG). 

Participants thanked the Subdelegación del Gobierno for hosting the meeting and 

expressed their appreciation of the excellent working conditions provided; they also 

requested FAO-CopeMed to prepare the report of the present meeting. It was agreed 

that the report will be adopted by correspondence. 

12

Annex I. List of participants 

INRH 

Sadia BELCAID 

Fishery biologist 

Centre INRH in Tangier 

B.P. 5268, Dradeb 

90000 Tangier, Morocco 

Tel: +212 5639325134 

Fax: +212 5639325139 

Email: sadiabelcaid@hotmail.com 

Omar KADA 

Chief of Halieutic Resources Laboratory 

Centre INRH in Nador 

B.P 493 Nador, Morocco 

Tel: +212 636331251 

Fax: +212 636603828 

Email: inrhomarkada@yahoo.fr 

JUNTA DE ANDALUCÍA 

Luis Alberto DEL OLMO GARRUDO 

Chief Department Resources Management 

Consejería de Pesca y Agricultura 

Junta de Andalucía 

C/ Tabladilla s/n 

41071 Sevilla 

Tel: +34 955032481 

Fax: +34 955032507 

Email: lalberto.olmo@juntadeandalucia.es 

Juan José GARCIA RODRIGUEZ 

Department Resources Protection 

Consejería de Pesca y Agricultura 

Junta de Andalucía 

C/ Tabladilla s/n 

41071 Sevilla 

Tel: +34 955032481 

Fax: +34 955032507 

Email: 

juanj.garcia.rodriguez@juntadeandalucia. 

es 

IEO 

Jorge BARO 

Director 

Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga 

Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) 

Puerto Pesquero s/n 

29640 Fuengirola, Málaga 

Tel: +34 952478148 

Fax: +34 952463808 

Email: jorgebaro@ma.ieo.es 

Alberto GARCÍA 

Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga 



29640 Fuengirola, Málaga 

Tel: +34 952478148 

Fax: +34 952463808 

Email: agarcia@ma.ieo.es 

Juan GIL HERRERA 

Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz 



11006 Cádiz 

Tel: +34 956294189 

Fax: +34 956294232 

Email: juan.gil@cd.ieo.es 

FAO-COPEMED 

Juan Antonio CAMIÑAS 

Project Coordinator CopeMed II and 

ArtFiMed 

FAO-Fisheries Management and 

Conservation Service 

Subdelegación del Gobierno 

Paseo de Sancha 64, despacho 306 

29071 Málaga, España 

Tel: +34 952989299 

Fax: +34 952989252 

Email: JuanAntonio.Caminas@fao.org 

Matthieu BERNARDON 

Fishery Officer CopeMed II and 

ArtFiMed 

FAO-Fisheries Management and 

Conservation Service 

Subdelegación del Gobierno 

Paseo de Sancha 64, despacho 306 

29071 Málaga, España 

Tel: +34 952989245 

Fax: +34 952989252 

Email: Matthieu.Bernardon@fao.org 

13

Annex II. Agenda 

1. Opening of the meeting and designation of chairperson and rapporteurs. 

2. Adoption of the Agenda. 

3. Objectives of the meeting. 

4. Report of Morocco on the P. bogaraveo fishery. 

5. ArtFiMed report on the P bogaraveo fishery in Dikky (Morocco). 

6. Report of Spain on the P. bogaraveo fishery. 

7. Stock assessment methodologies. Stock assessments presented to ICES, GFCM, and other 

relevant scientific bodies. 

8. Data needs for a future. 

9. A joint research work plan for P. bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar What do we need 

What do we have 

10. Recovery and/or management plans implemented for the P. Bogaraveo fishery. 

11. Other matters. 

14

Annex III. Introduction and Objectives of the meeting (by the CopeMed II 

Project coordinator) 

The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)’s objectives are to 

promote the development, conservation, rational management and best utilization of living 

marine resources, as well as the sustainable development of aquaculture in the 

Mediterranean, Black Sea and connecting waters 3 . The Commission implements its policy 

and activities through the Secretariat and operates during the intersessional period by means 

of the following committees: 

• Committee on Aquaculture (CAQ): established in 1995 

• Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC): established in 1997 

• Compliance Committee (CoC): established in 2006 

• Committee on Administration and Finance (CAF): established in 2009 

The SAC provides independent advice on the technical and scientific bases for decisions 

concerning fishery conservation and management, including biological, social and economic 

aspects; in particular, it: 

• assesses information provided by Members and relevant fishery organizations or 

programmes on catches, fishing effort and other data relevant to the conservation and 

management of fisheries; 

• formulates advice to the Commission on the conservation and management of 

fisheries; 

• identifies cooperative research programmes and coordinates their implementation; 

• undertakes such other functions or responsibilities as may be conferred on it by the 

Commission. 

During the 12 th Session of the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC), held in Budva, 

Montenegro, 25-29 January 2010, the Committee, in the Summary Report of its 12 th Session, 

adopted (in paragraph 70 thereof), the following proposal: 

In relation to the assessment of the blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) carried out in 

GSA03, the Spanish delegation noted that this fishery extended into the Atlantic in GSA01 

and proposed the establishment of a joint ad hoc working group involving Moroccan and 

Spanish scientists to analyse the existing information and the importance of presenting the 

outcome to SAC. 

The SAC itself proposed the establishment of a joint ad hoc scientific Working Group between 

Morocco and Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Strait of Gibraltar area to analyse the 

existing information. CopeMed II was requested to support the organization and running of a 

meeting of this Working Group. Moreover, during the 3 rd Session of the Coordination 

Committee of CopeMed II, it was also agreed that the project would support the organization 

of a meeting of the Working Group between Morocco and Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in 

the Strait of Gibraltar area, as requested by the SAC. 

The GFCM definition of shared stocks 

The SAC, since the beginning of its activities, has discussed a common definition of “shared 

stocks.” The SAC agreed a list of priority species and a list of shared stocks. At its tenth 

3 In “About the GFCM”: www.gfcm.org 

15

session, the Scientific Advisory Committee (Nicosia, Cyprus, 22-26 October 2007) adopted 

the following definition 4 : 

A group of exploitable organisms, distributed over, or migrating across, the maritime 

boundary between two or more national jurisdictions, or the maritime boundary of a national 

jurisdiction and the adjacent high seas, whose exploitation is carried out by more than one 

country and which can only be managed effectively through cooperation between all 

concerned States. 

The Committee agreed the criteria to be used in the identification of shared stocks, as 

presented in the above-mentioned document (GFCM: SAC10/2007/Dma.5), the following 

four (4) criteria to be taken into account: 

• Population. Identified by genetic and/or morphometric methods; 

• Exploitation. The population should be currently exploited; 

• Fleet. The fleets of different GFCM countries are currently exploiting the population. 

Other fleets of non-GFCM countries could also exploit the population; 

• GSA. The fishing activities are carried out and catches produced in one or more 

GFCM sub-areas (GSA). 

The Committee recognized, however, that the process to define and to set the criteria to 

identify shared stocks is still under discussion, and that there is a need for testing those 

criteria. It agreed that only priority species should be included in the shared-stocks list. 

GFCM Glossary 

The GFCM Glossary was reviewed in 2009 and a final version is being prepared by the 

GFCM. The definition of shared stocks proposed in this new Glossary is: 

Shared stock: Stock fished by two or more countries. 

The FAO Fisheries Glossary 

The definition in the FAO Fisheries Glossary is as follows: 

Shared stock: Shared stocks are generally understood (including by FAO) as stocks 

that can be exploited by more than one country. They include: transboundary, highly 

migratory, straddling, and purely high seas stocks. 

Other Definitions 

Stocks of fish that migrate across the EEZs boundary of adjacent or opposite coastal 

states. More generally called transboundary stocks. 

Background information for the identification of P. bogaraveo as a shared stock in the 

Strait of Gibraltar 

During the Málaga meeting on shared stocks 5 Farrugio stated that During the last decade 

stock assessments have been done in several GSAs of the CopeMed II sub-region regarding 

several of the demersal and small pelagic species listed in the GFCM list of priority species, 

some of them being considered as shared ones. These studies have been realized in the frame 

4 FAO General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean/Commission générale des pêches pour la 

Méditerranée. 2008. Report of the tenth session of the Scientific Advisory Committee. Nicosia, Cyprus, 22–26 

October 2007/Rapport de la dixième session du Comité scientifique consultatif. Nicosie, Chypre, 22-26 octobre 

2007. FAO Fisheries Report/FAO Rapport sur les pêches. No. 856. Rome, FAO. 144pp. 

5 CopeMed II, 2010. Report of the CopeMed II meeting on the definition of priority topics related to shared 

resources (demersal and pelagic) in the subregion. Málaga, Spain, 29-30 April 2010. 

16

of the activities of the GFCM Sub-Committee on Stock Assessment (SCSA) working groups 

and of the Sub-Regional FAO projects CopeMed I and MedSudMed. 

He also said 6 : 10 species of the general list of the SAC on priority species (Rome, 2006) are 

currently considered as shared between at least 2 countries belonging to the CopeMed II 

sub-region. They are presented in the Table 1 here below: 

Table 1 (based on Farrugio, 2010). 

English common name Scientific name Area Exploiting Countries 

Dolphin fish Coryphaena hippurus Western Mediterranean Italy, Malta, Spain, Tunisia 

Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Gulf of Lions France and Spain 

Hake Merluccius merluccius Gulf of Lions France and Spain 

Hake Merluccius merluccius Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and Corsica Italy and France 

Hake Merluccius merluccius Strait of Sicily Italy, Tunisia, Libya, Malta 

Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and Corsica Italy and France 

Red mullet Mullus barbatus Western Mediterranean Corsica and Sardinia 

Striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus Western Mediterranean Corsica and Sardinia 

Blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo 

Alboran Sea and the Strait of 

Gibraltar 

Spain and Morocco 

Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and Corsica Italy and France 

Common spiny lobster Palinurus elephas Western Mediterranean Corsica and Sardinia 

Common spiny lobster Palinurus elephas Strait of Sicily Tunisia and Italy 

Pink spiny lobster Palinurus mauritanicus Strait of Sicily Tunisia and Italy 

Porbeagle Lamna nassus All Mediterranean All countries 

Shortfin mako Isurus oxyrhinchus All Mediterranean All countries 

Blue shark Prionace glauca All Mediterranean All countries 

Albacore Thunnus alalunga All Mediterranean All countries 

Bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus All Mediterranean All countries 

Swordfish Xiphias gladius All Mediterranean All countries 

When reviewing the assessments carried out by the SCSA, Farrugio included a single stock 

assessment (Table 2) that was carried out by the INRH (Morocco) in the southern Alboran 

Sea: 

Table 2 (from Farrugio, 2010). 

Merluccius merluccius 

Sardina pilchardus 

Engraulis encrasicolus 

Mullus barbatus 

GSA 

N° 

Northern Alboran Sea 1 5 4 9 

Southern Alboran Sea 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 

Algeria 4 1 1 

Balearic Islands 5 4 2 3 4 2 15 

Northern Spain 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 1 1 23 

Gulf of Lions 7 4 4 4 1 13 

Mullus surmuletus 

Aristeus antennatus 

Parapeneus longirostris 

Nephrops norvegicus 

Lophius budegassa 

Aristeomorpha foliacea 

Dentex dentex 

Pagellus bogaraveo 

Corallium rubrum 

Boops boops 

Raja clavata 

Raja asterias 

Nº assessments/GSA 

6 Farrugio, H., 2010. The assessment on the current list of shared stocks in the CopeMed subregion and a 

proposal for an updated list. CopeMed II–ArtFiMed Technical Documents No.14 (GCP/INT/028/SPA – 

GCP/INT/006/EC). Malaga, 2010: 21pp. 

17

Ligurian & northern Tyrrhenian Seas 9 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 

Southern & central Tyrrhenian Sea 10 1 1 

Northern Tunisia 12 1 1 2 

Gulf of Hammamet 13 1 1 2 

Gulf of Gabes 14 1 1 

Malta 15 1 1 1 1 4 

South of Sicily 16 1 3 2 1 1 8 

Number of assessments/species 20 18 13 9 7 7 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 93 

Number of GSAs/species 8 6 4 6 5 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 

Moreover the Málaga meeting on shared stocks considered the Strait of Gibraltar and the 

Alboran Sea as a potentially important area for the study of shared stocks. 

Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea 

In general, many species in the Alboran Sea may be considered as shared resources on the 

basis of the fact that they occupy all or a large part of the Alboran basin. They are subject to 

common complex hydrographical features (as the exchange of water masses between the 

Atlantic and Mediterranean, that affect the northern and southern parts of the Alboran Sea) 

that influence the life cycle and distribution of many species that could constitute shared 

stocks. 

The WG (Málaga, 29-30 April 2010) decided that the issue of Pagellus bogaraveo should be 

dealt with by the Sub-regional Working Group on Demersal Fisheries Resources. 

Other considerations 

The above-mentioned meeting of experts in Málaga agreed to consider as potential shared 

stocks those included in Farrugio (2010), who considered three criteria for their inclusion: 

New proposals of shared stocks 

Apart from some rare exception, due to the highly multispecific characteristics of the 

Mediterranean fish populations, it cannot be said that a fishery in the region can be 

considered as targeting only one single species. So it is evident that the current list of specific 

shared stocks should be completed with some other species. To select the most important 

ones, three main sources of information can be used: (i) the species accompanying the target 

species; (ii) the landing statistics; and (iii) the opinions of the national scientific experts. 

Species accompanying the target species 

The GFCM-SCSA assessment forms include lists of accompanying species that can be 

considered as important in the landings of the main shared species that have been assessed so 

far in the CopeMed II sub-region. For the 2005-2009 period, the available information on this 

topic for the Alboran Sea and Strait of Gibraltar is the following: 

GSA01 Species accompanying hake: Helicolenus dactylopterus, Lepidorhombus spp., Lophius 

spp., Micromesistius poutassou, Mullus barbatus, Mullus surmuletus, Octopus vulgaris, Pagellus 

bogaraveo, Phycis blennoides, Parapenaeus longirostris, Scyliorhinus canicula, Trisopterus minutus 

capelanus. 

This means that P. bogaraveo is not only a target species in the Strait of Gibraltar, but also 

one of the species landed by the trawl fishery in the Alboran Sea. 

Finally, a preliminary revision of the above three sources of information allows the 

construction of Table 3 with respect to fishes. 

18

Table 3: A proposal for an updated list of shared stocks (fishes only) in the CopeMed II subregion 

(summarized from the original by Farrugio, 2010). 

English name Scientific name Area (and GSAs) Countries 

Dolphin fish Coryphaena hippurus Western Mediterranean Italy, Malta, Spain and Tunisia 

Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Gulf of Lions (GSA7, GSA9) France and Spain 

* Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Alboran Sea (GSA3, 4) Morocco and Algeria 

* Sardine Sardina pilchardus Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4) Morocco and Algeria 

Hake Merluccius merluccius Gulf of Lions (GSA7, GSA9) France and Spain 

Hake 

Merluccius merluccius 

Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and Corsica 

(GSA8+9) 

Italy and France 

Hake Merluccius merluccius Strait of Sicily (GSA12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21) Italy, Tunisia, Libya and Malta 

* Hake Merluccius merluccius Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4) Morocco and Algeria 

Blue whiting 

Micromesistius poutassou 

Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and Corsica 

(GSA8+9) 

Italy and France 

* Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4) Morocco and Algeria 

Red mullet Mullus barbatus Corsica and Sardinia (GSA8, GSA11) Italy and France 

* Red mullet Mullus barbatus Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4+GSA1) Morocco, Algeria and (Spain) 

Striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus Corsica and Sardinia (GSA8, GSA11) Italy and France 

* Striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4) Morocco and Algeria 

Blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo Alboran Sea and Strait of Gibraltar (GSA1+3) Spain and Morocco 

* Blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4+GSA1) Morocco and Algeria and (Spain) 

* Red mullet Mullus barbatus Strait of Sicily (GSA12, 13, 15, 16) Italy, Malta and Tunisia 

* Great amberjack Seriola dumerili Western Mediterranean Italy, Malta, Spain and Tunisia 

* Axillary seabream Pagellus acarne Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4) Morocco and Algeria 

* Horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4) Morocco and Algeria 

* Bogue Boops boops Alboran Sea (GSA3, GSA4) Morocco and Algeria 

Porbeagle Lamna nassus All Mediterranean All countries 

Shortfin mako Isurus oxyrhinchus All Mediterranean All countries 

Blue shark Prionace glauca All Mediterranean All countries 

Albacore Thunnus alalunga All Mediterranean All countries 

Bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus All Mediterranean All countries 

Swordfish Xiphias gladius All Mediterranean All countries 

* .= new shared stock proposed 

Terms of Reference for the Sub-regional Working Group on Demersal Fisheries 

Resources 

On the basis of the listing of shared stocks and the corresponding fisheries prepared by the 

first CopeMed II sub-regional meeting on shared stocks (Tables 1 and 2), the Working Group 

on Demersal Fisheries Resources should, at their first meeting: 

• Compile and review all information available on the biological and ecological 

characteristics of these stocks; 

• Compile and review the information available on the dynamics of the fisheries, including 

defining the relevant Operational Units; 

• Define how the stocks are shared (e.g. movement across the regions, fleets exploring 

common grounds, movements of eggs and larvae etc.), and decide which of them should be 

assessed as shared stocks; 

• Identify the level of priority to be given to work on each of these shared stocks, based on 

their relative socio-economic importance and total landings in the countries involved, so as to 

develop a feasible and phased work programme; 

• Define the data and information required for the assessment, and decide the units and 

format under which it should be submitted, according to the GFCM-SAC standards; 

19

• Identify the gaps in the scientific knowledge necessary for carrying out joint assessments 

of these stocks; 

• Prepare a scientific programme to address these gaps, in such a way that joint assessments 

of the priority stocks and fisheries can be carried out within a reasonable time-frame; 

• Identify the methods that can be used for the assessment of these stocks, given the types of 

information currently available or to become available in the sequence of the planned 

scientific programme; 

• Prepare an adequate report of the meeting and of the conclusions reached. 

SAC priority species list (Rome, 2006) 

Danube sturgeon(=Osetr) Acipenser gueldenstaedtii 

Starry sturgeon Acipenser stellatus 

Sturgeon Acipenser sturio 

European eel Anguilla anguilla 

Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea 

Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus 

Bogue Boops boops 

Common dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus 

Horned octopus Eledone cirrosa 

Musky octopus Eledone moschata 

Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus 

Beluga Huso huso 

Shortfin mako Isurus oxyrhinchus 

Porbeagle Lamna nasus 

European squid Loligo vulgaris 

Blackbellied angler Lophius budegassa 

Monkfish or angler Lophius piscatorius 

Whiting Merlangius merlangus 

Hake Merluccius merluccius 

Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou 

Red mullet Mullus barbatus 

Striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus 

Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus 

Blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo 

Common pandora Pagellus erythrinus 

Common spiny lobster Palinurus elephas 

Pink spiny lobster Palinurus mauritanicus 

Deepwater rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris 

Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix 

Blue shark Prionace glauca 

Turbot Psetta maxima 

Sardine Sardina pilchardus 

Round sardinella Sardinella aurita 

Atlantic mackerel Scomber scomber 

Common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis 

Common sole Solea vulgaris 

Sprat Sprattus sprattus 

Albacore Thunnus alalunga 

Bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus 

Mediterranean horse mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus 

Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus 

Swordfish Xiphias gladius 

20

Annex IV. Rapport sur l’état de la pêcherie de la dorade rose (Pagellus 

bogaraveo) du Détroit de Gibraltar (Sadia BELCAID et Omar KADA) 

1- Introduction 

Le Détroit de Gibraltar se situe entre le Maroc et l’Espagne et sépare les deux façades de la 

Méditerranée et de l’Atlantique. Il se caractérise par une largeur moyenne de 20 km et une 

profondeur qui peut atteindre 1200 m. 

Cette zone, assurant l’échange entre les masses d’eau méditerranéennes et atlantiques, est une 

voie de passage de grandes espèces migratrices. Cette situation géographique privilégiée 

donne, à l’échelle nationale, une grande importance au secteur de la pêche artisanale. 

La nature rocheuse des fonds marins au niveau du Détroit de Gibraltar favorise la présence 

d’une biodiversité halieutique importante ; la dorade rose est marquée parmi les ressources 

assez abondantes dans ces fonds dures. 

Le comportement grégaire de cette espèce, son abondance non négligeable dans cette région 

ainsi que sa valeur économique importante et la demande du marché européen permettent de 

développer une pêche artisanale et palangrière rochelaises, moyennant la palangre comme 

engin de pêche. Par ailleurs, en plus de la palangre à vorace, une diversité d’engins sont 

utilisés par les palangriers ce qui justifie le recours à la saisonnalité des métiers pratiqués et 

aussi des espèces ciblées. 

Toutefois, cette activité est pratiquée toute l’année à des profondeurs élevées, avec une 

intensité variable selon les saisons avec des pics de l’activité enregistrés entre janvier et avril 

et entre septembre et décembre. 

La pêcherie de dorade rose est pratiquée essentiellement par la flottille palangrière attaché au 

port de Tanger et par un grand nombre de barques localisées dans différentes sites artisanales 

de la région ; elle est également ciblée comme espèce accessoire par les chalutiers attachés 

aux différents ports de la Méditerranée, notamment le port d’Al Hoceima et le port de M’diq. 

Il s’agit d’une activité d’exploitation qui se pratique essentiellement entre le Cap Spartel et la 

la plage de Dalia (au niveau Cap Punta Cires), par une centaine de palangriers et environ 470 

barques, employant environ 2200 pêcheurs résidant à proximité des sites de pêche et dans la 

ville de Tanger. 

2- Répartition de la dorade rose 

Pour l’ensemble de la Méditerranée marocaine, on constate une grande disparité dans la 

répartition de l’espèce de la dorade rose, ce qui se traduit par une variation importante dans 

les débarquements de cette espèce. En effet, selon les données officielles de l’Office National 

de pêche (ONP), les plus importants points de débarquement de la dorade rose sont le port de 

Tanger et les sites de pêche de Ksar Shgir et Dikky, par plus de 64% de la capture totale de 

cette espèce de la Méditerranée marocaine ; viennent après respectivement les ports d’Al 

Hoceima et Nador avec une contribution de 29% et de 7% dans le total débarqué pour cette 

espèce de sparidés en Méditerranée marocaine (Fig.1 et 2). 

21

Al hoceima 

29% 

Jebha 

0,019% 

M'diq 

0,403% 

Nador 

7% 

Figure 1: Répartition des captures de la dorade rose au niveau des principaux points de débarquement existants 

en Méditerranée marocaine. 

Tanger 

64% 

 

#þ 

#þ KSAR-SGHIR 

TANGER 

MDIQ #þ 

#þ 

DJEBHA 

AL HOCEIMA 

#þ 

#þ 

NADOR BENI ANSAR 

 

 

 

 

N 

 

 

Figure 2 : Carte de localisation des principaux ports de la Méditerranée marocaine. 

3- La flottille de pêche 

La flottille de pêche qui cible particulièrement la dorade rose, est constituée d’une moyenne 

de 108 palangriers attachés au port de Tanger ayant un TJB moyen de l’ordre de 20 tx, une 

puissance motrice moyenne de 160 CV et un âge moyen de 7 ans, et environ 435 canots 

ayant une puissance motrice moyenne de 15 CV et un TJB moyen de 1.6 tx ; ces canots sont 

opérationnels aux différents sites de la pêche artisanale du Détroit de Gibraltar, notamment 

les sites de Ksar Sghir, Dikky et Ferdioua. Cependant, les chalutiers exploitant 

occasionnellement cette espèce sont composés de 114 unités possédant une puissance 

motrice moyenne de 325 CV et un TJB moyen de 50 tx, localisés dans touts les ports tels que 

les ports Al Hoceima, M’diq et Nador. 

4- Engins de pêche 

Le principal engin de pêche utilisé par la flottille palangrière et artisanale est la palangre de 

fond, désigné localement par la palangre à voracé. Cet engin est caractérisé par une longueur 

variable entre 150 et 200 m ; l’hameçon utilisé est variable selon la taille de la dorade 

recherchée, mais souvent les hameçons numéro 11 et 12 sont les plus utilisés. Toutefois, le 

nombre d’engins utilisé par unité de pêche est variable ; il peut atteindre jusqu’à 25 engins 

par barque. 

22

Alors que l’engin utilisé par les chalutiers est le chalut qui est caractérisé par un maillage 

réglementaire de 40 mm, d’une longueur moyenne de câble de 1040 m et d’un diamètre de 

câble qui varie de 11 à 15 mm selon la taille et la puissance motrice des bateaux. 

5- Identité du stock 

La population de dorade rose (Pagellus bogaraveo) est considérée comme un seul stock. Elle 

est fréquente dans les eaux côtières, dans les différents types de fond (rochers, sable, boue) 

jusqu’à 400 m de profondeur en Méditerranée ; les jeunes se localisent près de la côte, alors 

que les adultes se trouvent sur la pente continentale spécialement sur les fonds boueux. 

6- Caractéristiques biologiques 

La dorade rose est une espèce protandrique hermaphrodite ; les individus deviennent femelles 

à 20-30 cm de longueur. Les adultes se déplacent vers la côte jusqu'au bord du plateau 

continental pour frayer de janvier à juin. Elle a un régime alimentaire omnivore, mais se 

nourrissent principalement de crustacés, mollusques, vers et petits poissons (source : 

Fishbase). 

7- Systèmes de collecte de données et d’échantillonnage 

7.1 Capture et effort 

A partir de 2001, l’Office national des pêches (ONP) au Maroc a instauré un système de 

saisie des débarquements journaliers dans les principaux ports (système MAIA). Les 

débarquements sont saisis par jour, par bateau, par métier et par espèce dans chaque port et 

sont transmis chaque jour au siège central de l’ONP à Casablanca. En 2003, le système 

MAIA était opérationnel au niveau de tous les ports du Maroc. Ainsi les données concernant 

les débarquements et l’effort de pêche depuis 2001 sont disponibles à l’INRH sous forme 

d’une base de données brutes. La capture concernant la période 1983-2002 est fournie à 

partir de la base de données COMA de l’office de l’ONP, alors que ceux de l’effort de pêche 

sont disponibles sur les bulletins de vente auprès de l’ONP. 

7.2 Paramètres biologiques 

Pour l’étude des caractéristiques biologiques de la dorade rose au niveau de la Méditerranée 

Ouest du Maroc, un échantillonnage des débarquements de la pêche commerciale a été 

adopté depuis 2005 par le Centre Régional de l’INRH de Tanger au niveau du port de Tanger 

permettant ainsi de donner des informations sur sa structure démographique. 

L’échantillonnage se concentre uniquement sur les fréquences de tailles car il est impossible 

d’accéder à d’autres paramètres, vu la valeur élevée de cette espèce. 

8- Tendances des données 

8.1. Captures 

Selon les données officielles de l’ONP, les débarquements annuels de la dorade rose 

enregistrés par la flottille de la pêche côtière et artisanale en Méditerranée marocaine, 

montrent une tendance d’augmentation continue durant la période 2001-2009. En effet, en 

2001 les captures sont de l’ordre de 17 tonnes pour atteindre environ 107 tonnes en 2009. 

Toutefois, la courbe des débarquements annuels au port de Tanger seul présente la même 

allure de celui des débarquements globaux, d’une part, et la contribution de ce port représente 

la grande partie des débarquements de cette espèce durant les neuf dernières années, d’autre 

part, en engendrant 92% de la capture totale de la dorade rose en Méditerranée en 2009 (Fig. 

3). 

23

Figure 3 : L’évolution annuelle des débarquements globaux en tonnes de la dorade rose et dans les trois 

principaux ports de la Méditerranée marocaine. 

Il est important de noter que la pêche artisanale au Maroc est un secteur informel ; il n’est pas 

bien contrôlé, et par conséquent, la production des sites artisanales en voracé n’est pas 

enregistrée dans sa totalité dans les données officielles de l’ONP, ce qui influence sur la 

fiabilité des résultats de la production de cette espèce, notamment, que dans notre zone 

d’étude la dorade rose est excessivement exploité par la pêche artisanale. 

Toutefois, d’après l’étude entamée dans le cadre du projet « ArtFiMed », il est estimé que 

dans le site de Dikky seul, la production mensuelle moyenne de la dorade rose est de l’ordre 

de 100 kg par barque, donc on peut suggérer ainsi, si les 435 barques opérationnelles au 

niveau du Détroit de Gibraltar exploitent de la même façon la dorade rose, les captures 

annuelles enregistrées ci-dessus seront haussé au moins de 500 tonnes. 

8.2. Effort 

L’effort de pêche exercé sur la dorade rose par la flotille basée au port de Tanger seul a 

connu durant la période 2001-2005 une tendance à une stabilité, mais au-delà, il a connu un 

accroissement continu pour atteindre le niveau maximal en 2009, soit 4689 jours de pêche. 

(Fig. 4). 

Figure 4 : Evolution de l’effort de pêche ciblant la dorade rose à Tanger. 

24

8.3 Indices d’abondance 

L’évolution des prises par unité d’effort (CPUE) de la flotte côtière palangrière et artisanale 

montre que la CPUE (exprimée en kilogrammes par jour de pêche, kg/jp) a enregistré son 

niveau le plus haut en 2006, soit 42,3 kg/jp, suivi d’une chute significative en 2008 

(17,8 kg/jp). Les rendements se sont légèrement améliorés en 2009 pour atteindre 21 kg/jp 

(Fig. 5). 

Figure 5 : Evolution de la CPUE en kilogrammes par jours de pêche de la flotte ciblant la dorade rose à Tanger. 

8.4 Composition en tailles et autres informations 

L’échantillonnage des fréquences de tailles a concerné essentiellement les débarquements des 

palangriers au port de Tanger depuis 2005 à raison d’une fois par semaine. La taille à la 

fourche individuelle est mesurée à l’aide d’un ichtyomètre à buttoir après avoir pesé 

l’échantillon à l’aide d’une balance à précision de 1 g. 

L’analyse de l’évolution des structures en tailles des débarquements de la dorade rose par les 

palangriers attachés au port de Tanger montrent que la gamme de taille ciblée est comprise 

entre 21 et 53 cm et elle est constituée essentiellement des adultes. La taille moyenne 

annuelle oscille entre 32,3 et 38,9 cm et a été enregistrée respectivement en 2007 et 2006 

(Fig. 6). Le pourcentage des juvéniles dans les captures des palangriers est faible ; cela peut 

être dû à l’utilisation des hameçons (n° 11 e 12) sélectifs de taille. 

25

Figure 6 : La distribution de taille annuelle de la dorade rose débarquée au port de Tanger entre 2005 et 2009. 

8.5 Mesures d’aménagement en cours 

Pour la pêcherie démersale, les mesures de gestion appliquées se limitent au maillage 

réglementé à 50 mm pour les chalutiers et à l’interdiction de la pêche dans la bande côtière, 

inférieure à 3 milles à l’Est du port d’Al Hoceima et à moins de 80 m de profondeur à 

l’Ouest de ce port. 

8.6 Evaluation 

Méthodes 

Lors du Groupe de Travail de l’évaluation des stock des espèces démersales du CGPM tenu 

du 19 au 23 octobre à Ancona, Italie ; l’évaluation de la dorade rose ciblée par les palangriers 

du Détroit de Gibraltar est menée par le biais de l'analyse de la pseudo-cohorte sur les 

données de fréquence et des paramètres adhérents. 

Le modèle analytique LCA (length-cohort analysis) et le modèle de rendement par recrue ont 

été tournés par le logiciel VIT (Lleonard et Salat, 1992) pour l’évaluation de l’état du stock 

de cette espèce. 

Données 

Pour l’évaluation du Pagellus bagaraveo, basé sur le modèle analytique LCA, la moyenne 

des fréquences de tailles des années 2005–2006–2007 a été utilisée, vu que c’est la série 

disponible. Ces données ont été obtenues par échantillonnage biologique de Pagellus 

bogaraveo débarquée au port de Tanger, et les données statistiques utilisées sont les 

statistiques officielles de l'ONP et le DPM, alors que les données des paramètres de 

croissance et de relation taille-poids utilisées sont issus de Fishbase (selon une étude 

portugaise) vu la l’absence d’une étude biologique complète de la dorade rose au Maroc. 

Résultats 

Les résultats du modèle montrent que cette espèce est modérément exploité, mais à maintenir 

l’effort de pêche à l’état actuel en vue d’une exploitation durable. 

26

9- Recommandations d’aménagement 

Tenant compte des résultats des évaluations, le Groupe de travail a décidé de recommander 

de maintenir l’effort de pêche à son niveau actuel comme mesure de précaution. 

10- Recherche future 

• La réalisation d’une étude biologique complète de la dorade rose afin d’estimer les 

paramètres de croissance et de reproduction nécessaires à l’évaluation de ce stock ; 

• L’élargissement de l’échantillonnage biologique pour les débarquements de la pêche 

artisanale ; 

• Evaluation des prises accessoires en dorade rose des autres pêcheries ; 

• Collecter des données (capture et effort de pêche) sur l'activité des chalutiers qui 

exploite la dorade rose comme prise accessoire ; 

• Egalement, il est impératif d’entamer d’autres études sur l’écologie de l’espèce telle 

que : l’étude d’interaction trophique par l’étude du régime alimentaire; l’étude 

génétique pour l’identification du stock; et l’étude sur la migration de l’espèce. 

11- Conclusions et recommandations 

Au terme de ce travail, on conclu que la pêche de la dorade rose s’est développée d’une 

manière remarquable et cela est dû d’une manière générale à l’abondance de cette espèce 

dans la mer méditerranéenne marocaine, précisément dans le Détroit de Gibraltar, et aussi à 

la présence d’un marché européen très demandeur de cette espèce surtout en période 

automnale et hivernale, ce qui a engendré l’augmentation des prix et de sa valeur 

commerciale au fil des années précédentes. 

D’autre part, l’analyse des débarquements de la dorade rose et les données de campagnes 

scientifiques, montre une présence de cette espèce le long du littoral méditerranéen, avec une 

certaine variation en termes d’abondance, qui sont liées fortement aux types de fonds marins 

que lui réserve cette côte. En effet, les fortes concentrations de la dorade rose sont observées 

dans des fonds rocheux, où l’accès aux engins de pêche comme les chaluts reste très 

difficile ; par contre les palangriers peuvent réaliser des pêches importantes, et ce en raison 

des engins de pêche déployés pour la pêche de cette espèce. 

Les paramètres d’exploitation suivis lors de cette étude (capture, effort de pêche et rendement 

en valeur), font apparaître l’importance de cette pêcherie de dorade rose, surtout qu’elle fait 

participer au moins deux types de flottille. 

Ainsi, l’étude de la pêcherie de la dorade rose sera difficile à cerner si on ne couvre pas 

l’ensemble de flottilles qui pêche la dorade rose et également assurer le suivi au niveau de 

toute la répartition géographique de son stock. 

Pour un meilleur suivi de la pêcherie dorade rose et en raison des contraintes majeures quant 

à l’exécution des travaux d’échantillonnage, notamment l’accès aux échantillons de cette 

espèce pour la réalisation des travaux de biologie relatifs à la détermination des paramètres 

de croissance et de reproduction de ladite espèce, un budget spéciale dédié à l’achat 

d’échantillons de ce poisson, notamment au niveau des principaux points de débarquement 

de la dorade rose, en occurrence les ports de Tanger, de Ksar Saghir et Al Hoceima, est 

vivement sollicité. 

27

Annex V. ArtFiMed report on the P. Bogaraveo fishery in Dikky 

(Morocco) 

La pêche artisanale à la Dorade rose Pagellus bogaraveo à Dikky 

(Maroc), dans la région du détroit de Gibraltar 

Contexte 

Le projet ArtFiMed apporte une attention particulière à l’acquisition 

de connaissances sur : 

• les pêches artisanales (sur la dynamique d’exploitation, les 

captures des stocks partagés et des espèces d’intérêt 

commun) et sur 

• le renforcement des méthodes de suivi des pêches artisanales. 

Bénéficiaires et partenaires 

La pêche artisanale à Dikky au Maroc 

Les données présentées dans ce rapport proviennent des 

informations recueillies 

Pêcheurs artisans 

Ghannouch (Tunisie) 

Collectrices de palourdes 

El Akarit (Tunisie) 

Pêcheurs artisans 

Dikky (Maroc) 

• dans le cadre du rapport diagnostique de la pêche artisanale de 

Dikky 

Institutions Nationales du 

Maroc et de Tunisie 

CGPM et les membres 

• dans le cadre du système de suivi de la pêche artisanale à 

Dikky, mis en oeuvre dans le cadre du projet ArtFiMed. 

Résultats attendus 

Le système de suivi de l’activité de pêche 

Assuré par un pêcheur depuis mars 2010 

o 

o 

o 

au niveau des communautés de pêche artisanales ciblées, par l’amélioration de la 

situation socio-économique et des moyens d’existence durable des communautés ciblées 

au Maroc et en Tunisie 

au niveau des pays participants, par l’acquisition et la promotion de leçons et de 

méthodologies pour faciliter à la suite du projet une extension des actions à d’autres 

communautés de pêche artisanale et pour assurer la durabilité des acquis. 

Résultats attendus au niveau de la région CGPM, par le renforcement de la base 

d’information sur les pêches artisanales méditerranéennes en vue de promouvoir et de 

capitaliser les expériences propres au développement durable des pêches artisanales et de 

faciliter à l’avenir les échanges d’expérience entre les pays de la Méditerranée. 

Objectif : 

• Suivre et analyser l’évolution de l’activité de pêche et la 

commercialisation des produits dans les sites du projet 

• Actualiser les informations collectées lors des études diagnostiques 

concernant la rentabilité économique des pêcheries 

• Apporter le niveau d’information nécessaire au calcul des indicateurs de 

suivi du projet 

28

35% 

11% 

7% 

26% 

21% 

Dorade rose 

Pagre commun 

Pagre à poin ts bleus 

Thon rouge 

Autres 

Le site de pêche artisanale de Dikky 

La pêche à la palangre à la dorade rose 

Caractéristique des engins 

Effort de pêche 

Graphique 16: Nombre moyen de sorties 

par barque et par mois pour la dorade ros e 

• une cinquantaine de barques est 

active au niveau du site, 

• environ 250 marins 

• les principaux engins utilisés sont 

les engins à hameçons, surtout la 

palangre et la ligne à main. 

Graphique 20 : Distribution de la production totale r éalisée à 

Dikky par es pèce 

Nombre N° hameçons Longueur/engin 

d’engins/barque 

Min. 4 12 150 

Max. 25 9 200 

Moy. 15 175 

Production 

Production (kg) 

450 

400 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Graphique 21: Evolution mensuelle de la capture par barque 

des quatre principales espèces ciblées par les pêcheurs de 

Dikky 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Dorade 

rose 

Pagre 

commun 

Pagre à 

points bleus 

Thon rouge 

Le système de suivi de l’activité de pêche 

Mars Avril Mai 

Nbre de jours echantillonnés dans le mois 16 18 22 

Toutes 

Nombre de jours sans sorties 14 12 7 

espèces 

Nombre de sorties echantillonnées 50 111 180 

confondues 

Nombre de barques actives 6 20 23 

Production totale P.Bogaraveo (Kg) 614 887 1307 

% production de catégorie 1 (>1Kg) 1% - - 

% production de catégorie 2 (>800 et 500 et 300 et


Commercialisation 

La production est destiné principalement aux marchés extérieurs, en particulier 

le marché espagnol, à travers les sociétés d’exportation 

Pêcheurs 

Graphique 8: Evolution mensuelle du prix moyen de la dorade 

rose 

www.faoartfimed.org 

Mareyeurs 

Restaurants 

Mareyeur 

Fêtes 

Société 

5 à 10 % 

10 à 15 % 

2 à 5 % 

d’exportation 

70 à 80 % 

Consommateur 

Exportation 

Prix moyen (Dhs) 

160,0 

140,0 

120,0 

100,0 

80,0 

60,0 

40,0 

20,0 

0,0 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Mois 

Merci de votre attention 


La valeur de la production 

Le chiffre d’affaire total moyen réalisé par les pêcheurs de Dikky, est 

d’environ 157 000 Dhs (14 000 €) par barque, soit un chiffre d’affaire 

total d’environ 7 millions de Dhs pour l’ensemble des barques du 

village (environ 630 000 €) 

La valeur de la production (Chiffre d’affaire) de la pêcherie à la dorade 

rose est à peu près similaire aux 3 autres pêcheries principales à 

Dikky, soit un montant d’environ 40 000 DTS/an (3600 €/an) 


Une thèse de master en cours 

Analyse de la chaîne de valeur de la dorade rose (Pagellus 

bogaraveo) provenant du site de Dikky 

30

j 

Annex VI. Report of Spain on the P. bogaraveo fishery (Juan Gil Herrera) 

SRWG on shared demersal resources 

Ad hoc Scientific Working Group between Morocco and Spain on 

Pagellus bogaraveo in the Gibraltar Strait area 

Málaga (Spain), 22 July 2010 

ITS BIOLOGY 

Spanish information about the red seabream (Pagellus 

bogaraveo) fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar Region 

Juan Gil Herrera 

Growth: 

-Otoliths reading 

-Tagging programmes (recaptures) 

Red seabream is considered a slow growing 

species. Gueguen (1969) reported a maximum 

age of 20 years. In the Azores Islands a maximum 

ageof15yearswasobservedina56cmlength 

fish (Krug, 1994). 

In the Strait of Gibraltar VBGF parameters were 

also estimated from the increasing size of 271 

recaptures. 

Part I: Biology and Fishery 

 

THE SPECIES 

VORAZ: Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768) Inshore waters above various types of 

bottom (rocks, sand, mud) to 400 m 

(Mediterranean) and 700 m (Atlantic); 

young near the coast, adults on the 

continental slope specially over 

muddy bottoms. Omnivorous, but feed 

mainly on crustaceans, mollusks, 

worms and small fish. Protandric 

hermaphrodites. Adults move towards 

the coast up to the edge of the 

Taxonomy: 

continental shelf to spawn from 

January to June. Important foodfish: 

Superclass GNATHOSTOMATA 

marketed mainly fresh. 

Class ACTINOPTERYGII 

Subclass NEOPTTERYGII 

Distribution: Eastern Atlantic (Norway, 

Division TELEOSTEI 

Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Blanc in 

Subdivision EUTELOSTEI 

Mauritania, Madeira, Canary Islands) 

Superorder ACANTHOPTERYGII and western Mediterranean (rare 

Order PERCIFORMES 

beyond the Sicilian Strait). 

Family SPARIDAE 

Genus Pagellus (Valenciennes, 1830) 

ITS BIOLOGY 

∞ φ 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Similar growth patterns can be assumed for the red seabream 

in all the areas. This assumption does not denote a single 

stock: Growth patterns are similar but not the same! 

 

 

ITS BIOLOGY 

ITS BIOLOGY 

Testicle 

Stock identity: 

Reproduction: 

-Tagging programmes 

Ovary 

-Hermaphroditism 

-Genetic 

- Spawning season 

-Viral studies 

-Length at first maturity 

 

 

 

ICES considered three different components for 

this species: a) areas VI, VII, and VIII; b) area IX 

(where the case study fishery take place) and c) 

area X. This separation does not pre-suppose 

that there are three different stocks of red 

(blackspot) seabream, but it offers a better way of 

recording the available information (ICES 

WGDEEP Report 2008). 

SPAIN 

Hermafroditas Hembras Machos 

100% 

75% 

50% 

25% 

0% 

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 

Machos Hembras Hermafroditas 

100% 

75% 

50% 

The smallest specimina are mainly males, then an 

important part of individuals change it sex and 

became females. 

Spawning seems to take place in the Strait of 

Gibraltar area, where the fishery is carried out. 

The spawning season in the Strait of Gibraltar 

seems to take place during the first quarter of the 

year (Gil, 2006). The period coincides with those 

obtained by Krug (1994) for the Azores Islands 

and from previous studies in the Cantabrian Sea 

by Sánchez (1983), Alcaraz et al. (1987) and 

Castro (1990). 

MEDITERRANEAN SEA 

25% 

ATLANTIC 

OCEAN 

0% 

25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 

MOROCCO 

 

 

31

500 m 

300 m 

100 m 

30 m 

Cádiz 

300 m 

100 m 

Conil 

Barbate 

La Línea 

Algeciras 

Tarifa 

10 7 456 

11 9 8 

12 

26 

13 

27 28 29 14 

3 2 1 

33 34 36 35 38 151617 18 

37 39 

40 41 1920 Estrecho de Gibraltar 

300 m 

43 21 22 2425 23 

42 

Ceuta 

Tanger 

Tetuán 

Estepona 

30 m 

100 m 

300 m 

500 m 

Fuengirola 

500 m 

300 m 

100 m 

ITS BIOLOGY 

STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR SPANISH RSB FISHERY (AND MARKETING) 

Length at first maturity estimates (Gil and Sobrino, 2001) 

1.0 

0.8 

Males 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

L 50 

a = -11.16 

b = 0.37 

r 2 = 0.73 

L 25 = 27.18 

L 50 = 30.15 

L 75 = 33.11 

L 90 = 36.08 

0.0 

20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 

Total length (cm) 

1.0 

 

0.8 

a = -14.47 

0.6 

b = 0.40 

r 2 = 0.82 

L 25 = 33.02 

0.4 

L 50 = 35.73 

L 75 = 38.44 

L 90 = 41.05 

0.2 

L 50 

0.0 

20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 

Total length (cm) 

Females 

“Voracera”fleet 

Artisanal 

±100 boats 

 

Main ports Commercial cat. 

Tarifa 

Burro 

Algeciras 

Tamaño 

Mediano 

Pequeño 

> 1.300 grs. 

850 a 1.300 grs. 

550 a 850 grs. 

350 a 550 grs. 

ITS BIOLOGY 

STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR SPANISH RSB FISHERY 

Feeding: 

-Study difficulties (bait!) 

-Main preys 

-Predators (without taking humans into account!) 

Not too much studies. The overall diet is not very 

diverse, mainly composed by Sergia robusta as 

main prey while the order teleosts Stomiiformes 

can be considered as a secondary prey. Other 

appearing species are Lampanyctus crocodiles, 

Lophogaster typicus, Argyropelecus hemigymnus 

and Chauliodus sloani (Polonio et al., 2008). 

Main predators are unknown in the Strait of 

Gibraltar waters but maybe dolphins’ predation 

should be taken into account (personal 

communication from Ceuta veterinary). Studies in 

Azores (Gomes et al., 1998) cite that Conger 

conger, Raja clavata and Galeorhinus galeus 

should be considered as potential predators (all 

three species are present in Strait of Gibraltar 

area). 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

STUDY AREA 


Strait of Gibraltar: Artisanal longline 

fishery targeted red seabream has been 

developed along the Strait of Gibraltar 

area. Actually the Spanish fishery covers 

almost the 70 % of the landings for the 

speciesintheSubareaIX. 

36.60 

36.40 

Gulf of Cádiz 

SPAIN 

Spanish red seabream fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar is almost a monospecific 

fishery with one clear target species. Pagellus bogaraveo represents the 74% 

from the total landed in average percentage which constitutes a fleet component 

by himself (Silva et al., 2002) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

36.20 

36.00 

35.80 

30 31 32 

Alboran Sea 

35.60 

MOROCCO 

-6.60 -6.40 -6.20 -6.00 -5.80 -5.60 -5.40 -5.20 -5.00 -4.80 -4.60 

 

 

32



Available information: 

Landings since the start of the fishery 

Fishing boats 

Fishing effort :The effort unit chosen (number of sales) cannot be too appropriate as 

do not consider the missing effort. Thus, in the recent years this missing effort 

increases substantially (fishing vessels with no catches and precisely why with no sale 

sheet to be recorded). 

Landings length distribution 

Observers on board programme (2005 – 2009) 

VMS information (“Cajas verdes Junta de Andalucía”) 

… more close to the minimum landing size in Algeciras. It is necessary to point 

out that species probably does not have a homogeneous geographic and 

bathymetric distribution related to their length. This fact could explain the 

different landed mean length between both ports (Tarifa and Algeciras). 

 

 


Tons 

900 

800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 





Fishing effort (Nº sales) 

200 

100 

0 

12000 

10000 

8000 

6000 

4000 

2000 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

Nº sales LPUE 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

LPUE 




0 

0 

 

Part II: Status revision according stock assessments 


EUROPEAN AND LOCAL MANGEMENT FRAME 

ICES WGDEEP 

EU Regulation 

Fishing effort [Reg. EC since 2002] 

Biannual TACs [Reg. EC since 2002] 

 

The median value in the last years remains under the 

mean in every case and…. 

Spanish and Andalusian Regulations for the Strait 

of Gibraltar RSB fishery (Fishing plans since 1999) 

Fishing boat list 

Close season 

Minimum landing size (33 cm) 

Hook size and hooks number limitation 

 

33

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES USED AT ICES WGDEEP 

LAST STOCK ASSESSMENT AND 2010 ICES ADVICE 

DIRECT METHODS 

No surveys 

INDIRECT METHODS 

Production models 

Not standardized LPUE and missing effort problem 

Year ICES 

Predicted catch TAC 

ICES landings 

Advice 

corresp. to advice EU 

Subarea IX 

Subarea IX 

2003 

1 

- 1.271 0.47 

1 2004 - 1.271 0.48 

1 

2005 

- 1.271 0.49 

1 2006 - 1.271 0.54 

2007 

- 1.080 0.59 

1 

2008 - 1.080 0.60 

1 

2009 Constrain catches to average catches 2003-07 0.5 0.918 0.72 

2010 Biennial 0.5 0.780 

2011 Same advice as previously 0.5 

Weights in ‘0 00 t. 

1 Advice prior to 2008 included for all areas 

Analytical models 

Separable VPA 

ICES advises that “catches in 2011 should be less than 500 t which is a 

reduction from 2008 - 2009 landings” (ICES ADGDEEP 2010). 

 

 

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES USED AT ICES WGDEEP 

 

 








M 2 M 3 

M 4 

M 5 

 

 

 

 

 

Without tuning fleet information, Separable VPA could be used 

in order to define terminal F of the analysis (Gil et al., 2009) 

Part III: Critical areas 

LAST STOCK ASSESSMENT AND 2010 ICES ADVICE 


On the biology: 

Ageing: Consistency of the age readings between the readers and different areas 

(Strait of Gibraltar and Azores) should be checked. Therefore, otolith exchange 

between Spain and Portugal that are currently ageing this species is recommended to 

estimate precision and relative/absolute bias in the age estimations from age readers 

from different laboratories. 

As in previous years, the assessment attempt was considered as an 

exercise due to its related uncertainty and its results was examined 

only in qualitative terms. Anyway, based on the assessments attempts, 

the recent increasing trend of landings in the fishery may be 

considered unsustainable. Despite the uncertainty of the assessment 

exercise, fishing mortality rates should be reduced until reliable 

assessments prove the fishery sustainability. 

 

Reproductive pattern: Role of hermaphroditism in the catch composition Where are 

the potential spawning grounds What about the earlier life stages 

Feeding biology: Relationship with the special features (productivity) of the Strait of 

Gibraltar. Differences between life stages and within ages Which are the potential 

predators 

Besides, from an ecosystem point of view, stock dynamics of Pagellus bogaraveo 

should be affected by environmental variability. This is a benthopelagic species, 

feeding mainly in the water column and changes on the water mass structure or on the 

distribution of the preferential prey species may introduce severe catchability 

problems. 

Also, fisheries should be considered one of the sources of man impact in the ocean. 

Despite hooks and lines have been considered less impact gears in the marine 

environment studies about its effects on the seabed will be welcome. 

 

34


On the fishery: 

No information on discards (despite it could be consider minor for the target species). 

The enforcement of the management measures (mainly the minimum landing size) 

should increase the discard of the target species. Landings length distribution in 2010 

shows a knife edge shape in the smaller market category. 

Missing effort problem. Need of LPUE standardization. 

Length distribution sampling (by commercial categories vs. concurent). 

 

 


On the assessment: 

The absence of reliability of the effort unit should be considered in case of production 

models assessments attempts. 

Combined ALK must not be applied to samples taken in a different year, because they 

could give biased results (Westrheim and Ricker, 1978) and does not take into account 

possible growth differences between years. 

Unresolved modelling issues could be tackled with a modern statistical catchatage 

model, rather than VPA. That approach would be better suited to make explicit 

modeling assumptions and portray the uncertainty in probabilistic terms (because 

should be easier to see how each model fits the catchatage data and compare the 

goodness of fit in likelihood terms). 

 


Useful documents: 

Along the last years large papers has been written about the Spanish red seabream 

fishery of the Strait of Gibraltar. Some of them are more accessible to the research 

community while much of the acquired knowledge has been presented in more 

restricted forums (“grey literature”). Thus, several documents have been submitted to 

the Junta de Andalucía (Reports) according the agreement with the Instituto Español 

de Oceanografía (IEO) for the fishery monitoring. Besides, the available information 

about the Spanish fishery is presented every year to the ICES WGDEEP and is also 

included in the respective ICES WGDEEP Reports. 

Under the support of the 7th Frame Work Programme by the European Union, 

DEEPFISHMAN Project (Management and Monitoring of Deep-sea Fisheries and 

Stocks) will develop a range of strategy options for the management of deepwater 

fisheries in the NE Atlantic. One of the cases of study included in the project is the 

Spanish red seabream fishey of the Strait of Gibraltar. Available information about this 

ongoing project (2009 – 2012) can be look at the wiki web address 

(http://deepfishman.hafro.is/doku.php). 

 

35

Annex VII. Report of Spain on the P. bogaraveo fishery (Luis Alberto del Olmo) 

Para conocer de la manera más exacta posible, el estado de los caladeros así como los 

movimientos de la flota pesquera, el Sistema de Localización y Seguimiento de 

Embarcaciones Pesqueras Andaluzas (en adelante SLSEPA) es una herramienta muy eficaz. 

El funcionamiento del SLSEPA se basa en la transmisión de datos de localización (latitud, 

longitud y hora) suministrados por los satélites GPS, a un Centro de Control situado en la 

Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca de la Junta de Andalucía y su posterior interpretación 

mediante las aplicaciones informáticas adecuadas. El SLSEPA permite una alta frecuencia en 

el envío de datos de localización (cada tres minutos) y lo que es fundamental, a muy bajo 

coste en comparación con otros sistemas similares, ya que dicha transmisión se realiza vía 

GPRS. El dispositivo que permite tanto la captación como el envío de señales de localización 

se denomina Estación Remota Embarcada (ERE). 

La interpretación de los datos recibidos permite representar en un visor cartográfico la 

trayectoria de un barco, tanto en tiempo real como en un rango temporal anterior. Al mismo 

tiempo podemos saber en qué momento se producen las faenas de pesca, en qué caladero, si 

faena en zonas prohibidas o en épocas de veda y a qué hora se producen las salidas y llegadas 

de barcos a puerto, entre otros parámetros. Mediante el cruce de estos datos con los recogidos 

por el Sistema Andaluz de Estadísticas Pesqueras, relativos a las descargas efectuadas en 

lonja por estos mismos pesqueros, podemos determinar la riqueza de los caladeros donde 

ejercen su actividad, así como su evolución y la influencia de determinados factores a lo 

largo del tiempo. 

El tercer objetivo se orienta hacia la seguridad de la vida humana en el mar, y se materializa 

por la instalación en los pesqueros afectados por el SLSEPA, de un botón de emergencia que 

mediante su pulsación, conecta con el Servicio de Emergencias 112 Andalucía, activándose 

un protocolo de emergencia y salvamento en la mar, que cuenta con información precisa 

acerca de las coordenadas del lugar donde se ha producido el siniestro o la trayectoria que ha 

seguido una embarcación en caso de producirse un hundimiento. 

El planteamiento de una experiencia piloto en barcos marroquíes dedicados a la pesca del 

voraz, sería una posibilidad factible económicamente y que aportaría valiosa información 

para la gestión interna de su pesquería. 

Análisis de la Pesquería de Voraz y 

Especies asociadas en el Estrecho de 

Gibraltar 

Agosto 2007 - Diciembre 2009 

Servicio de Ordenación de Recursos Pesqueros y 

Acuícolas 

Dirección General de Pesca y Acuicultura 

Tabladilla, s/n. 41071 Sevilla 

Teléfono: 95 503 22 62. Fax: 95 503 25 07 

36

INDICE 

- Presentación del Sistema de Localización de 

Embarcaciones pesqueras (SLSEPA) 

- Antecedentes 

- Objetivos del Estudio 

- Ámbito Geográfico de la Pesquería 

- Metodología aplicada 

- Resultados 

- Delimitación de Área de Pesca 

- Estimación del Esfuerzo de Pesca 

- Producción Pesquera (Desembarcos) 

- Estimación del Rendimiento 

- Conclusiones 

ADMINISTRACIONES IMPLICADAS EN EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL 

SISTEMA: 

GESTORA 

Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca: 

‣ Dirección General de Pesca y Acuicultura 

APOYO 

Consejería de Gobernación y Justicia: 

‣ Servicio de Emergencias 112 Andalucía 

Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia: 

‣ Sociedad Andaluza para el Desarrollo de la Sociedad de la 

Información (SADESI). 

Sistema de Localización y Seguimiento de las 

Embarcaciones Pesqueras Andaluzas (SLSEPA) 

Sistema que permite realizar seguimiento de la flota andaluza: 

- En tiempo Real. 

- En Post-procesado de datos 

El SLSEPA posee dos características principales: 

- Bajo coste de transmisión de datos de localización 

- Gran frecuencia de envío (cada tres minutos) 

Esquema básico de funcionamiento 

Embarcación S.A.D.E.S.I. C.A.P. 

Estación Remota 

Embarcada 

(ERE) 

Centro de Recepción 

(CR) 

Centro de Control 

(CC) 

UTILIDAD DEL SLSEPA 

El Sistema de Localización y Seguimiento de Embarcaciones 

Pesqueras Andaluzas (SLSEPA) se crea persiguiendo tres objetivos 

básicos: 

EREs instaladas en embarcaciones de Tarifa 

- Seguimiento y Valoración de los Recursos Pesqueros: 

o Explotación Sostenible 

- Seguimiento del cumplimiento de disposiciones legales. 

- Salvamento marítimo. 

37

Detalle de una ERE 

Visor de localizaciones (modo ruta) 

• Módem GPRS/GSM 

• Antena GPS 

• Microcontrolador que procesa el almacenamiento y envío 

de los datos 

¿Qué datos se obtienen de cada mensaje 


Matrícula 

Fecha / hora 

Coordenadas 

geográficas 

Velocidad 

Rumbo 

Representación cartográfica 

Tratamiento de datos para la 

Gestión y explotación 

sostenible de los recursos 

pesqueros 

Kilómetros recorridos 

Flags indicadores 

Servicio de emergencias 112 


Gestión de la Seguridad de la Información 

Mediante la implantación de 

un Sistema de Gestión de 

Seguridad de la Información 

de acuerdo con la normativa 

ISO/IEC 27001:2005. 

El SLSEPA, garantiza: 

• Integridad (garantía de 

fiabilidad) 

• Confidencialidad 

(protección de la 

información) 

• Disponibilidad (poder 

utilizarlos en el momento en 

que se necesiten) 

38

Valoración de los Recursos Pesqueros explotados 

por la flota voracera 

ANTECEDENTES: 

ÁMBITO GEOGRÁFICO DE LA PESQUERÍA: 

“Área de Regulación de la Pesquería del Voraz y Zona de 

veda” 

• A principios de julio del 2006 las 103 embarcaciones de 

la flota incluida en el censo del Voraz eran controladas 

por Sistema de Localización y Seguimiento de 

Embarcaciones Pesqueras Andaluzas (SLSEPA) de la 

Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca. 

• En la actualidad las 91 embarcaciones pesqueras 

andaluzas con exclusividad para la pesca del Voraz 

tienen instalado el dispositivo ERE, de las que 58 tienen 

puerto base Tarifa, 27 Algeciras y el resto Conil y 

Barbate. 

•Además, existen otras embarcaciones con puerto base 

en Ceuta, incluidas en el censo de buques autorizados a 

ejercer la pesca del Voraz en el Estrecho de Gibraltar, que 

no dispone de ningún procedimiento de control. 

OBJETIVOS GENERALES DEL ESTUDIO: 

Metodología del post-proceso de datos del SLSEPA 

• Conocer la situación actual de la pesquería asociada a la flota del 

voraz, en la zona del Estrecho de Gibraltar, a partir del análisis del 

esfuerzo pesquero y su relación con la producción pesquera 

desembarcada 

OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS: 

• Localización y demarcación de las principales áreas de pesca 

• Valoración de la producción pesquera y económica para el voraz y 

las especies accesorias principales. 

• Estimación del esfuerzo ejercido por la flota en cada zona de pesca 

y su evolución temporal. 

• Estimación del rendimiento pesquero y económico en cada zona de 

pesca, para el voraz y las especies accesorias principales y su 

evolución temporal. 

• Estimación del grado de cumplimiento de la normativa vigente por 

la flota asociada a esta pesquería. 

SLSEPA 

SIG 

Geodatabase 

Delimitar caladeros voraz y especies accesorias 

Calcular parámetros de esfuerzo para cada área: 

Mareas de Faena (Día de Faena) 

Nº de barcos 

Análisis Cumplimiento Normativa (Mareas/Anuales) 

ÁMBITO GEOGRÁFICO DE LA PESQUERÍA: 

Metodología del cruce de datos del SLSEPA con IDAPES 

“Ámbito de actuación de la flota pesquera dedicada al voraz” 

SIG 

Geodatabase 

SLSEPA 

IDAPES 

Estimación Rendimiento Pesquero (Kg/marea) 

Estimación Rendimiento Económico (€/marea de pesca) 

Análisis Cumplimiento Normativa (Tn/Anuales) 

39

RESULTADOS: Delimitación de Áreas de Pesca 

A partir del análisis de posicionamiento de los buques cuya 

velocidad se encuentra en el rango de faena, (velocidad entre 0,5 y 

3 nudos, mantenida durante 9 min), desde Agosto de 2007 a 

Diciembre de 2009, se han obtenido 6 zonas o caladeros para el 

voraz y/o especies accesorias a la pesquería. 

RESULTADOS: Estimación Esfuerzo Pesquero 

- Esfuerzo Pesquero Medido por superficie de cada área delimitada 

- El área V-04 presenta el mayor número de mareas por hectáreas 

50,75 % del área de los 

caladeros delimitados 


- Esfuerzo Pesquero por área delimitada 

- Más del 72% del Esfuerzo se realiza en el área V-04, en 2008 y 

2009 

- Proporción de mareas en cada área muy similar entre 2008 y 2009 


- Esfuerzo Pesquero Medido por Puerto Base 

- Existe una clara segregación de la flota 

V-01 V-02 V-03 V-04 V-05 V-06 

2009 

2008 

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 

Esfuerzo (mareas totales) 


- En todas las áreas se registró un menor número de mareas en el 

año 2008 que en el año 2009. 

- La mayor diferencia se encontró en el área V-03 

RESULTADOS: Producción Pesquera 

(Desembarcos) 

- Producción pesquera por zona y especie 

- V-04 es el área que presenta mayor producción de voraz, pez 

sable y jurel. 

2008 2009 

100% 

80% 

60% 

40% 

20% 

0% 

431 

6907 951 870 

101 339 

375 

4731 705 635 

38 79 

V-01 V-02 V-03 V-04 V-05 V-06 

40

RESULTADOS: Estimación Rendimiento Pesquero 

(CPUE) 

- Las zonas de mayor rendimiento (Kg/marea) para voraz son V-06, 

V-04yV-05 

- En 2009 el rendimiento ha sido mayor que en 2008, sobre todo en 

V-04, V-01 y V-05. 

RESULTADOS: Estimación Rendimiento Económico 

(€/marea) 

Voraz 

80 

70 

60 

50 

2008 2009 

47 

64 

42 

49 

74 

76 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

27 

19 

3 3 5 6 

V-01 V-02 V-03 V-04 V-05 V-06 

RESULTADOS: Estimación Rendimiento Pesquero 

(CPUE) 

- Variaciones mensuales a partir de la media en Kg/marea de voraz 

obtenida entre los años 2008 y 2009. 

- Existe un claro aumento de desembarcos de voraz en la época 

estival y un pequeño despunte en el mes de diciembre. 

55 

50 

45 

40 

35 

30 

25 

20 

ene feb mar ab r may jun jul ago sep o ct nov d ic 

CONCLUSIONES GENERALES 

- A partir del SLSEPA se han delimitado objetivamente seis áreas 

de pesca en el Estrecho de Gibraltar. 

- El área con mayor superficie, esfuerzo pesquero y producción 

pesquera ha sido V-04. 

- Se ha detectado una clara segregación por área de pesca 

delimitada por parte de la flota de cada puerto. 

- Tanto el rendimiento pesquero (Kg/marea) como el económico 

(€/marea) es mayor en el área V-06. 

- El rendimiento pesquero presenta una clara estacionalidad 

anual, siendo en los meses estivales y llegando a final de año más 

elevado. 

- Con respecto a 2008, en 2009 el esfuerzo pesquero ha sido mayor 

en todas las áreas de pesca. 

- Las capturas han aumentado en 2009, sin embargo el rendimiento 

económico se ha visto afectado negativamente en 2009, sobre todo 

en las principales áreas donde se captura voraz (V-06). 

RESULTADOS: Estimación Rendimiento Económico 

(€/marea) 

- El mayor Rendimiento económico se obtiene en las áreas V-06, 

V-04 y V-05, debido a que se produce también las mayores capturas 

- Mientras que en 2009 las capturas y el esfuerzo fueron 

considerablemente mayores, el rendimiento económico no se vio 

afectado, incluso en V-06 disminuye con respecto 2008. 

Muchas gracias 

2008 2009 

1400 

1200 

1226 

1085 

1000 

800 

810 849 

657 686 

600 

400 

200 

0 

388 312 

41 45 73 78 

V-01 V-02 V-03 V-04 V-05 V-06 

slsepa.cap@juntadeandalucia.es 

41

Annex VIII. Términos de Referencia y Agenda de Trabajo en vistas a una 

posible reunión entre científicos españoles y marroquíes sobre la pesquería 

del voraz del Estrecho de Gibraltar 

A comienzos de la década de 1980, se inicia la explotación del voraz o besugo de la pinta 

(Pagellus bogaraveo) en aguas del Estrecho de Gibraltar por parte de las flotas pesqueras 

artesanales de los puertos de Tarifa y Algeciras (España). Dicha especie también es objeto de 

captura por parte de embarcaciones marroquíes. 

Las poblaciones marinas explotadas son parte de un complejo sistema de producción 

biológica, en el cual la acción del hombre constituye un elemento más de interacción. Una 

actividad de tan relevante importancia económica y social como la pesca, implica una 

preocupación inherente por una óptima gestión de las comunidades marinas explotadas. Ésta 

tratará de garantizar el uso racional de los recursos pesqueros para intentar asegurar su 

conservación. En este contexto, la evaluación de stocks comprende todo estudio científico 

orientado a la determinación del estado y productividad de un recurso pesquero, así como las 

repercusiones de la pesca sobre dicho recurso. 

En el caso del voraz, hasta ahora las capturas de la flota española se integran anualmente en 

el Grupo de Trabajo del ICES sobre biología y evaluación de pesquerías de profundidad 

(ICES WGDEEP), donde desde el año 2006 cada dos años se ensayan ejercicios de 

evaluación por medio de APV (Análisis de la Población Virtual). Sin embargo las capturas 

de la flota marroquí se integran en el CGPM donde recientemente se ha presentado un ensayo 

de evaluación por medio de LCA (Análisis de Cohortes por Tallas). 

Es más que probable que ambas flotas exploten la misma unidad de población (de hecho 

pescadores marroquíes nos han notificado recapturas de voraces procedentes de las campañas 

de marcado sobre esta especie realizadas por el IEO en la región surmediterránea española y 

en el Estrecho de Gibraltar). Por ello, un primer e importante paso a dar sería la estima del 

total de capturas a las que se somete el stock, ya que la correcta asignación de éstas por clases 

de talla y/o edad es un requisito imprescindible en la metodología del LCA y/o el APV. O al 

menos debemos favorecer un foro científico de discusión internacional en el que se discutan 

diferentes aspectos a considerar sobre esta pesquería desarrollada en el área del Estrecho de 

Gibraltar. Desde aquí se proponen los siguientes Términos de Referencia que podrían ser 

tenidos en cuenta en dicho ámbito: 

-Identificación del stock explotado y sus posibles migraciones y/o relaciones con 

otros stocks. Ubicación geográfica de las capturas del voraz (Pagellus bogaraveo) 

en el Estrecho de Gibraltar. Análisis de las posibles diferencias entre la 

pesquería española y marroquí: embarcaciones, aparejo de pesca, evolución 

histórica…. 

 

 

-Análisis de la información disponible, tanto en términos de estadística pesquera 

(captura, esfuerzo, distribuciones de talla) como en todo lo referente a 

parámetros biológicos de la especie objetivo (reproducción, crecimiento, 

alimentación….). 

-Revisión de los métodos de evaluación de stocks empleados hasta la fecha. 

Presentación de las evaluaciones nacionales presentadas hasta ahora en distintos 

foros internacionales: ICES y CGPM. Discusión de la conveniencia de 

evaluaciones conjuntas (datos y metodología más apropiada). 

-Discusión de planes de muestro y de adquisición de datos. Posibilidades de 

estandarización de éstos. 

42

-Consideración de nuevas posibilidades de métodos de evaluación, a partir de los 

datos de la pesquería comercial o independientemente de ésta (campañas). 

-Viabilidad de medidas de gestión conjuntas. Discusión de la adecuación de los 

planes de recuperación a los que se ha sometido el recurso (por parte española, 

principalmente). 

Al ser una primera toma de contacto, creo que con una jornada de mañana y tarde debería 

bastar. En caso de hacerse un ejercicio de evaluación conjunta deberíamos resolver 

previamente la normalización del formato de los datos, por correo electrónico. Debería 

también determinarse el lugar y fecha de la reunión, contemplándose en la Agenda la 

discusión de los Términos de Referencia propuestos. 

Jornada de mañana 

Sesión de apertura. Presentación de los participantes. 

Discusión de los TdRs propuestos (se podrían hacer exposiciones por parte de cada 

representante nacional, correspondientes a cada uno de los puntos a tratar para 

posteriormente abrirse un periodo de discusión sobre las posibilidades de integración). 

Jornada práctica de tarde 

Ensayo de ejercicio conjunto de evaluación: Análisis de Cohortes por Tallas (LCA) y/o 

Análisis de la Población Virtual (APV). 

Discusión de foros de integración tanto atlántico-mediterráneos como hispano-marroquíes 

para la evaluación del recurso explotado, como un primer paso para la determinación de 

medidas de gestión que traten de asegurar la sostenibilidad de la pesquería. 

43

Annex IX. References 

Orden APA/3323/2002, de 20 de diciembre, por la que se establece un plan de pesca para la 

pesca del voraz en determinadas zonas del Estrecho de Gibraltar. 

http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2002/12/31/pdfs/A46427-46430.pdf 

Resolución de 30 de diciembre de 2002, de la Dirección General de Pesca y Acuicultura, por 

la que se aprueba el plan de recuperación para el voraz (Pagellus bogaraveo) en el litoral 

andaluz y ordenación de la flota andaluza que opera con el arte de voracera en la zona del 

Estrecho de Gibraltar para el período 2003-2005. 

RES2002-1468-1471.pdf 

Resolución de 12 de diciembre de 2005, de la Dirección General de Pesca y Acuicultura, por 

la que se prorroga el Plan de Recuperación para el voraz (Pagellus bogaraveo), en el litoral 

andaluz y de ordenación de la flota andaluza que opera con arte de voracera en la zona del 

Estrecho de Gibraltar para el período 2003-2005. 

RES2005-56.pdf 

Resolución de 29 de mayo de 2006, de la Secretaría General de Pesca Marítima, por la que se 

actualiza el censo de embarcaciones autorizadas a ejercer la pesca, con el arte denominado 

«voracera», en la zona regulada por la Orden APA/8/2006, de 12 de enero. 

RES2006-23123-23124.pdf 

Resolución de 14 de mayo de 2007, de la Secretaría General de Pesca Marítima, por la que se 

actualiza el censo de embarcaciones autorizadas a ejercer la pesca, con el arte denominado 

«voracera», en la zona regulada por la Orden APA/274/2007, de 7 de febrero. 

RES2007-23429-23430.pdf 

Orden APA/445/2008, de 18 de febrero, por la que se establece un plan de pesca del voraz en 

determinadas zonas del Estrecho de Gibraltar. 

ORD2008-44-11010-11011.pdf 

Orden ARM/521/2009, de 24 de febrero, por la que se establece un plan de pesca del voraz 

en determinadas zonas del Estrecho de Gibraltar. 

ORD2009-521-22415-22418.pdf 

Orden ARM/3536/2009, de 23 de diciembre, por la que se establece un plan de pesca del 

voraz en determinadas zonas del Estrecho de Gibraltar. 

http://www.besana.es/legislacion/leg/boe/ORD2009-3536-112422-112424.pdf 

Resolución de 25 de febrero de 2010, de la Dirección General de Pesca y Acuicultura, por la 

que se establece un horario de entrada y salida de puerto para la flota andaluza que opera con 

arte de voracera en la zona del Estrecho de Gibraltar. 

http://www.besana.es/legislacion/leg/boja/RES2010-90.pdf 

 

 

 

Desbrosses, 1938, Gueguen, 1974, Silva et al., 1994 and Gil, 2006. The vertical distribution 

of this species varies according to individual size. 

 

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