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Death-Rays as Life-Savers in the Third Reich - Pedro Waloschek ...

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home before his two sisters were married, had a catholic girlfriend and<br />

declared himself a free-th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g a<strong>the</strong>ist. All <strong>the</strong>se were aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong> strict<br />

rules of his Jewish family and he w<strong>as</strong> c<strong>as</strong>ted out. He had to hide to visit<br />

secretly his sisters. Later on he took me and my sister several times<br />

with him, <strong>as</strong> we still remember.<br />

Karl became a typesetter, which is probably how he developed such<br />

a deep fondness for <strong>the</strong> written word; words, which he carefully<br />

<strong>in</strong>scribed <strong>in</strong>to his booklet. Like Holy Scripture, he hoped that <strong>the</strong>se few<br />

written words would rema<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> some way after his death. He hid <strong>the</strong><br />

exercise books <strong>in</strong> various places, and a few pages have <strong>in</strong>deed served<br />

<strong>the</strong> purpose for which <strong>the</strong>y were <strong>in</strong>tended. My sister Jutta discovered<br />

<strong>the</strong>m by chance <strong>in</strong> 2001 <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> box room of her flat <strong>in</strong> Vienna.<br />

Grandfa<strong>the</strong>r Karl and his wife Antonia had moved <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> very same<br />

flat back <strong>in</strong> 1923. However, after <strong>the</strong> outbreak of war (1939) he spent<br />

most of his time on <strong>the</strong> allotment <strong>in</strong> Essl<strong>in</strong>g where he could grew some<br />

vegetables, an essential t<strong>as</strong>k dur<strong>in</strong>g that period.<br />

When visit<strong>in</strong>g his wife Antonia <strong>in</strong> his own home <strong>in</strong> Vienna’s sixth<br />

district, Karl had to wear his grey coat with <strong>the</strong> palm-sized yellow Star<br />

of David, which Antonia had sown on for him - <strong>as</strong> required by law after<br />

<strong>the</strong> 19 th of September 1941. Yet he never stayed long. From <strong>the</strong><br />

w<strong>in</strong>dow of her second floor flat Antonia had observed <strong>the</strong> trucks that<br />

occ<strong>as</strong>ionally came to collect <strong>the</strong> Jews who lived <strong>in</strong> her street. These<br />

people were never heard of aga<strong>in</strong>. And most neighbours claimed<br />

afterwards, that <strong>the</strong>y had not seen anyth<strong>in</strong>g. However, <strong>the</strong> trucks came<br />

and went <strong>in</strong> a rush and only ever took those Jews who were at home<br />

when <strong>the</strong> soldiers called. Karl Stark w<strong>as</strong> not usually at home.<br />

Antonia herself had little to fear s<strong>in</strong>ce she w<strong>as</strong> <strong>in</strong> possession of<br />

various documents with which she could prove her Aryan credentials,<br />

<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g an impeccable ‘Certificate of Aryan Descent’ <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> form of a<br />

bright red booklet (which I keep <strong>in</strong> a safe place) with an Eagle and a<br />

sw<strong>as</strong>tika on <strong>the</strong> front. The documents described all of her ancestors <strong>as</strong><br />

‘Roman Catholic’, which, although it makes little sense from a purely<br />

biological po<strong>in</strong>t of view, is <strong>the</strong> only workable def<strong>in</strong>ition of <strong>the</strong> ‘Aryan<br />

race’ that could be applied. This def<strong>in</strong>ition cont<strong>in</strong>ues to be used <strong>in</strong><br />

certa<strong>in</strong> circles. The way I understand it applicants to <strong>the</strong> Nazi-SStroops<br />

had to prove three generations of pure Aryan (i.e. non-Jewish)<br />

13

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