Untitled - Terre des Hommes

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The government needs to disseminate information on the provisions of the Juvenile Justice Act to the police and wider community, as knowledge about the specific provisions that differ from the Indian Penal Code is often lacking. 113 The Goa Children’s Act has been praised for its comprehensive protective measures for children and is seen as an extremely positive development benefiting the children of this state. Other Indian states should be encouraged to develop a similar act. In order to ensure the sustainability of other interventions, there is a general need to raise awareness about children’s rights, the importance of education and the harmful effects of child labour. Information dissemination needs to happen among parents, teachers, employers, police, health-care workers and the children themselves. Children’s rights should therefore be included in the school curriculum. A focus on poverty alleviation schemes for the families of working children is also necessary for the sustainability of child labour prevention projects (MWCD, 2007). With regards to the commercial sexual exploitation of children, there is a need for the stricter implementation of child protection laws, including: stricter punishments for violators, such as life imprisonment rather than fines; better protection of children during the duration of a case, in order to stop bribes and the pressure often placed on families to drop the case or withdraw their statement; better implementation of measures to assure a child-friendly atmosphere in court; and professionallytrained counsellors in children’s shelters. Perpetrators are often not first-time offenders, justifying the need for more information sharing on convicted paedophiles globally. A national policy on sex tourism should be developed. Children should be given sufficient information about sex in order to equip them to recognise and stand up against unwanted advances and the vulnerability of boys should not be overlooked. 114 Migrants have been identified as a group that is particularly vulnerable to exploitation in many areas of this research. Invisible in many ways, they face discrimination and specific challenges that require more focus. One of the main recommendations therefore is to develop policies that target India’s large migrant population. Migrant children have specific protection and education needs that must be met if India is to tackle its child labour problem. In order to address the hidden problem of child domestic workers, state level guidelines and protocols should be formulated for the rescue, repatriation and rehabilitation of child domestic workers (MWCD, 2007). 6. Bibliography Adenwalla, M. 2008. Child protection and juvenile justice system for juveniles in conflict with law. As retrieved on http://www.childlineindia.org.in/pdf/CP-JJ-CNCP.pdf on 07-03-2010 Equations and ECPAT International. 2008. Unholy nexus, male child sexual exploitation in pilgrim tourism sites in India: Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h, Kerala and Orissa. As retrieved from: http://www.ecpat.net/EI/Publications/South_Asia/Unholy_Nexus- MCSE_Research_Report.pdf on 07-03-2010 Forum for Child Rights. (2004). The violence of paedophilia in Goa. South Asia Consultation on Overcoming Violence against Children. As retrieved from: http://www.crin.org/docs/FCR_Violence_of_Paedophilia_Goa.doc on 11-03-2010 113 Mr. N. G. Rao (Child Rights Trust) 114 Ms. Renu Appachu (Jagruthi) 48
GMACL and ICCLE. 2006. Review of Child Labour, Education and Poverty Agenda. As retrieved from: http://www.globalmarch.org/images/india-report.pdf on 09-03-2010 Human Trafficking. 2005. Traffickers Turn to Northeast India to Supply the Sex Trade. http://www.humantrafficking.org/updates/449, on 05-04- 2010. ILO. 1998. Declaration of the Principles and Rights at Work. As retrieved from: http://www.ilo.org/declaration/thedeclaration/lang--en/index.htm ILO/ IPEC Child Labour and Responses, overview note India Ministry of Labour and Employment, Annual Report of the Ministry of Labour, 2003. Ministry of Women and Child Development India(MWCD). National Plan of Action for Children, 2005. As retrieved from: http://wcd.nic.in/NAPAug16A.pdf on 08-03-2010 Ministry of Women and Child Development, India (MWCD). 2007. Study on child abuse: India 2007. As retrieved from: http://wcd.nic.in/childabuse.pdf on 08-03-2010 National Child Labour Project (NCLP), as retrieved from: http://labour.nic.in/cwl/ChildLabour.htm US Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labour, (2009). 2008 Human Rights Reports: India. As found on http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/sca/119134.htm on 10-03-2010 United States Department of Labour. 2006. Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labour - India, 31 August 2007, as retrieved from: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48d7493a15.html, on 31-03-2010 United States Department of Labour, 2006 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labour - India, 31 August 2007, as retrieved from: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48d7493a15.html, on 05-04-2010 7. List of respondents Vidyanikethan and Marga Susi home, interviews with staff and children. House visit to two beneficiaries, Hosur, 9. November Mr. V.P. Niranjanaradhya, Senior Research Officer, Centre for Child and the Law, National Law School of India University, 10. November BOSCO, interview with staff, Bangalore, 11. November Dr. D. Rajasekhar, professor and head, and Ms. R. Manjula, researcher, at the Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 12. November Brothers of Holy Cross, Abhayadama Human Development Centre, interviews with staff and (former) street boys, Karnataka, 13. November Katharina Kasper Social Service Society and Ashalaya, interviews with staff and (former) child labourers at quarry site, Vidyanagar, 16. November Father George Mathew, provincial economer, Don Bosco Provincial House, Bangalore, 17. November Brother Siga Social Service Guild, group discussion with staff, Chennai, 24. November Interview with the leader of a group of female sex workers, Chennai, 24. November Society of Mother of Sorrows Servants of Mary, interviews with staff and children at child labour prevention school and visit to match factories, Kalugumalai, 25. November Society for Human Education (SHE), group discussion with staff, Madurai, 27. November 49
Page 2 and 3: Stichting Terre des Hommes Nederlan
Page 4 and 5: 6. List of respondents ............
Page 6 and 7: Introduction This report is based o
Page 8 and 9: Legal analysis of child labour The
Page 10 and 11: (ILO, Targeting the Intolerable, 19
Page 12 and 13: Prohibiting prostitution is require
Page 14 and 15: depend on police force, but also on
Page 16 and 17: Optional Protocol to the Convention
Page 18 and 19: It is still the norm culturally for
Page 20 and 21: children in Bangladesh can be descr
Page 22 and 23: The road to sex work In both floati
Page 24 and 25: heterosexual man may also have sex
Page 26 and 27: The average hiring age in Dhaka’s
Page 28 and 29: exploitation of children also appea
Page 30 and 31: Child Advocacy Forum and Bangladesh
Page 32 and 33: themselves 57 . Policy changes at t
Page 34 and 35: Interviews with members of the Hori
Page 36 and 37: Various social trends and their sub
Page 38 and 39: fine. Whoever ostensibly procures a
Page 40 and 41: households with child domestic labo
Page 42 and 43: exploited, as there is no fear of p
Page 44 and 45: older they move on to better paying
Page 46 and 47: The Indian government's focus on ed
Page 50 and 51: Interviews with children and famili
Page 52 and 53: International, indicates that 60% o
Page 54 and 55: The new constitution (2007) prohibi
Page 56 and 57: stranded in an unknown environment.
Page 58 and 59: They work with machetes, exposing t
Page 60 and 61: and diseases. An adult earns Bs60-1
Page 62 and 63: According to CNNA, people under the
Page 64 and 65: There is a need to raise awareness
Page 66 and 67: Sucre Sister Cira, Centro Santa Clo
Page 68 and 69: violence can leave children without
Page 70 and 71: at 4 hours a day. Children between
Page 72 and 73: Human trafficking is a definite rea
Page 74 and 75: absence of specialized knowledge ab
Page 76 and 77: psychoactive substances. Unfortunat
Page 78 and 79: children with no interest in ending
Page 80 and 81: Alejandro Cussianovich Villaran, MA
Page 82 and 83: to access schools in their new situ
Page 84 and 85: The working day for child domestic
Page 86 and 87: d. Hazardous work: work which, by i
Page 88 and 89: 5. Recommendations by respondents A
Page 90 and 91: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
Page 92 and 93: Tanzania 1. Introduction and backgr
Page 94 and 95: Children are forbidden from working
Page 96 and 97: According to ILO (ILO 2006) estimat
Page 98 and 99:
officials since legislation is offi
Page 100 and 101:
ILO/IPEC. 2003. Facts on Child Dome
Page 102 and 103:
street children, incidence of domes
Page 104 and 105:
government has become aware of the
Page 106 and 107:
4. Interventions Government initiat
Page 108 and 109:
5. Recommendations by respondents T
Page 110 and 111:
7. List of respondents Kampala: Ans
Page 112 and 113:
Secondly, poverty is often cited as
Page 114 and 115:
organisations. The Indian state Goa
Page 116 and 117:
Recommendations A constant improvem
Page 118 and 119:
Annex List of topics and questions
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