Young Socialists Magazine 1916 Jan June.pdf

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I Sources of Power I
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From the carliest times man has
had huviu work to do than the
strength of his body could bear or his
patience endure. As the nted for
transportation arose, he tamed the
horse and ox and spread a sail that the
wind would drive his ship and sa\'c:
him Ihe rowing. Later he built waterwheels
and windmills to grind the
grain for bread. his most essential ar­
,:_1_ .. r ;ood. Tht:n. long aftu, ncar
the end of the eighteenth century.
lhcrc camc a great demand for a dri\t.
ing power for new and rar more extcnsh'c
UIU. The first spinning and
wuving machine. had been invented
and others were following in rapid
succession. It was then that Jalllu
Watt perfected the stc;un cn5rinc.
which not only filled the demand, but
rla\'C a new impulse .to the further de·
yelopnunt of labor·.!I:l\'i ng duices,
from t.hat time t3 the pruent the
application of power to our 1\eeds has
betn goinS' on so persi5lently that it
has entirely changed Ollr daily life,
In view of the fact that this prOce$.!l
is still continuing and that we Me be·
cORl ing more and more dependent
upon the lise of power, it may be interesting
to take a look into the
sources and nleans at our disposal.
Nature has supplied us with but three
forms with which we are as yet ac·
quainted. They are coal, petroleum
and Olher fuds. water power and wind
power. As for the means of utilizing
this energy, we ha\'e the steam engine,
steam turbine and internal combus·
TO T0111fO IOOU.LI8ft' KAIlA&IJm
tion engine t1) convert the energy
Stored in the natural fuels into work.
waterwheels and water lurbinu to
operate on watu power, while wind·
mills and sailing veuels still use the
pOWN of the wind direct. \.
The steam engine of James \"'att
hn been the principle power device
from the time of i1.5 invention, .. century
and a quarter ago to the present
day. and that in practically its origi·
nal form. . The impro\'ements that
have been madt' in it to make it more
tfficient or to adopt it to other usn.
sllch u the locomotive Rnd stumboat,
ha\'e been luch as to lea ve the e$5enlial
character of the machint.' un·
changed. For example. the properties
of steaI11 with reference to tempera·
ture and preuure ha\'e been Itudif:d
with" view to geninlt' the most d1icitnt
method of operation, A,Iso, notable
progress has betn made in de­
.ijrning boilers and furnact. '0 as to
ule the: 8reattst posiible part of the
heat available in the fuel. Most everyone
knows now that smoke jssuinJ{
{rom a smokt.'st:H:k is a li ..'11 of incolIIplett
burning of the coal and there·
,fore means wastdulnell. but in the
case of largf: power plants, the t.est,
applied are much finer, conlisting of
chemical analysis of the fuel USed and
the RllSes formed by combustion. One
of the most grateful results of this
work has bt.'en making possible the
USf: of coal which formerly was not
nlined or was separatt.'d out !II waste
product on account' of its poor character.
Waterpower has only begun to
come into its own .ince the df:velopment
of electricity. The power avail·
ahle in a stream depends upon two
thingl: quantity of water flowing. in
othcr words, size of the stream and
height through which thf: water falls.
Building a watf:rpower plant requires
a high initi,,1 in\'cstmf:nt compared
with a steam power plant of equal capacity.
This explains in part why
steam is !It ill a live compf:titor of
water power. It is proportionally
smaller as the waterfall is higher and
for thil reason we find extensive
waterpower development in mountainous
regions such as SwitzerJand and
ou r Rock Mountain Statu. Niagara
Falls is all excf:ptionally fine source
of energy because it is fairly high and
the quantity o f water Hawing is immense.
One of the most important
problem5 now being worked out in
this connection is to transmit electricity
ovtr gnat distances f:conomi.
cally so as to make it uailable in
places rar removed from its source.
The power of Niagara is now being
used in placet over a hundred miles
"wny from the source and the range
is tonstantly increasing.
The steam turbine is like II water
whef:1 or water turbine, but as the
name implies operates on steam. As
the t.'quipment for furnishing it with
'team is the same as that used with
the stcam engine, moat of what has
been said above under the steam en·
gine applies hert.'. The turbine itaelf
operates at extremely high speed onl)'.
and i5 therefore limited to two chief
Ules, w,ith electric generators and propelling
ship!§.
Thcre remains but one other prime
motor; namely, the internal combustion
engine, SQ called because unlike
the stum engine, the fuel is not
burncd in a fu rnace and the heat
transmitted to steam as a working
medium. but the fuel itself, in the for'm
of a gas. is the working medium. The
advantages of this type of engine are
high efficiency and with the be.t kine\.
of fuel, brge power with Iman weight
and small size. It is perhap. super­
Huous to say that this is the engine
used in automobiles •• mall boats and
aeroplane!f. but on account of its
j:trea,t efticienc),. there is a tendency to
develop it for stationary power purposes.
While ga.olene is the most
suitable fuel, alcohol, coal &,U, crude
oil and other kinds may he used with
Ilight modification of construction.
..... side from its special fitness for
propelling .mall ,'ehicles on land, in
water and air. the internal combustion
engine is destined t'o. be of g reat im·
portance in days to come for other
reasons. The world's supply of coal
and natural fuel oils is limited and
will at some time approach exhaustion.
The large demands for power
will then probably be supplied by
water power, but the internal combustion
engine will still hold its preient
field, using alcohol for fuel. The rUson
th:at it is not used at present is
because the o nly kind suitable for use
in enginn i. classed by the government
with liquors and there is such .l
high tax on its manubcture that the
COlt is prohibitive. As soon as it be·
cornu imperative to abolish this rel'­
enue tax, alcohol will come into wide
use and continue 10 indefinitely as it
can be distilled from almost any vegetable
matter and from many of the
products of industry which' now go
to waste,
•
Youne Socialiab': You Will Be the
Party of To-morrow
STUDY SOCIALISM BY MAIL
Twenty-two lea.on. on Sodal Hi.­
tory and Economics, by Algernon
Lee.
Tweh'e lenon. on the Elements of
Social;snl, by Anna A. Maley.
For full particulars. address '
Bertha M. MaUly,
Ex. Scc. Rand School of Social Science
140 E. 19th St .. N. Y. C.
Parents and children :ue invited t(1
inspect the method! of the Ferter
Modern Sunday School, Yorkville. a
school conducted on strictly Soc:ialisl
principles. Look what we offer yOIl:
Object Lessons (AnlchauunR'sunterricht)
rendered by four Sociali5t
tcachcrs. All objects concerning the
life and struggle of the working
class.
Sineine of Engli!h and German
songs with Socialist tendency.
Eaperanto, Violin School Stenoeraph,.
Kindetlarten (Sundays only).
An excellent Gtrman School OR·
Iprings of eight different nationalities
visit this departmeCnt with the
most brilliant results.
}>'ees are so minimal that e\'err
worker can afford to send his chil~
dren to this school.
Rf:giltration. Sundays. betwf:en 9
A. M. and t P. M. Saturdays, from
Z to 4 P. M .• at Sackl'. Union Hall.
'59' St.'cond :\"c.• lietween 82nd and
SJrd Su.
(Advl.)
Ich bin der Krieg! - Ieh fliege
durch die: Lande,
\'011 Gier und Hunger zehr' ieh
euer Gut ....
~fit harter Faust greif' ieh nach
jedem Leben,
Vnd sauge diirstend jeden Tropicn
B1ut .....
Ich bin der Krieg I -
Leid die Fr.eude,
Ich kehr· in
Des GlUckes Becher schutt' ieh
jedcm aus
Vnd geb' ihn leer zuriick -
dann
ohne Miihc,
Mach' ieh geschwind ei; Tranenkriiglein
draus.
Ich bin der Krieg! - Ich mach'
aus F reien Knechte,
Die mir geduldig folgen in den
Sumpf --
Die auf Kommando ihre Bruder
morden,
Bald ziigellos gemein, bald ticriseh
stumpf.
Ich reiss' die Kraft, die beste, aus
dem Volke,
Vom Knabenalter bi s ZlIlll Greis
hinan -
Aus den Fabriken, aus dem
Schacht der Erde,
Hal' ich sie mir, ve rschone keinen
Mann.
Die Schwachen und die Gr.eise,
Frau 'n und Kinder,
Die iiberlass' ieh meiner Schwester
traut -
Die gierig hangt an meines Man·
tels Falten,
Vnd auf den Krieg als ihren HeIfer
baut , .•.
THE YOUNG SOCIALISTS' llAO.A.ZlD
Si.e weiss den ''''eg zu jeder kleinsten
Hutte,
Hohlwangig schleicht sic hin -
ihr
folgl der Tod.
Die .M ikh muss in der Mutterbmst
versiegen
l,;nd Kinder jammern urn ein
Stuckchcn Bra t.
\\·0 sic sich zeigt, da welken Rosenwangell,
Oa stirbt das HoA'.t:n schon beim
~Iorgenrot -
Die diirren Ha'nde greifen nach
dem Herzen,
Cnd sliercn Auges blickt · eueh an
- die Not. -
~ flieg' ich hin! Und wo mcin
Atcm wehet,
\ . crbrennt, v.erdorrt, vcrblutet
rings 11l1lher,
\\'as Icbensfahig, was in ~c h o nheit
strahhe -
\\'as ihr crschuft in Jahren sorgenschwer.
-
kh bin die Ge issel, die die MJrhte
schwingen
~obald das "olk l Ur Freiheit wiJl
erst.ehn,
end Ulll so fester stehn des Thrones
Stiitlen.
Je mehr der Freiheitskampfer
untergehn.
Greif aus, mein Rappel Gut stehn
unsere Felder,
Zerstampf - zertritt - und was
nicht bricht, das bieg'. -
Ich schwinge driibcr hin des Brandes
Facleell
Weh, wer mir nahtl Hopheil Jell
bin der Krieg I - -
I~
DER FALKE UND DIE
SCHLANGE.
Von Maxim Gorki
H oeh hinauf in die Berge krorh
die Schlange und legle sich dort,
zum Knauel gerollt und aufs
11cer blickend, in dner Fe1skluft
nieder.
Hoch am H illlmel glanztc die
Sonne, lind heisse Glut at11lcten
rings die Berge. und unten am·
Gesttin brachen sich die Wogen.
Und durch die Felskluft im
Dunkel Ross rausehend lind
hiipfend yon Stei n Z lI Stein ein
Bacb dem Meere entgegen.
Weiss war er ganz \'on Sch:ll1t1l,
und rarnte hurtig dahin ZUIl1
Meer. mit zomigem Gcheul dell
Berg durchschneidend.
Da plolzlich fiel in die Kluft.
in der die Schlange geringelt lag,
vom Himmel ein Falke mit zerschmettcrter
Brust, .Slut.am Gefiedcr
. .
l\'lit kurzem Aufschrei ftcl cr Zli
Boden lind schill&, in machtlo"clIl
Zorn seine Drust gegcn dell harten
Felsen
Die Schlange ersduak lind
kroch Rink da\'on, oegriff aber
rasch,