risk management - monitor ii

8 Monitor II Risk management introduction
Monitor II Risk management introduction 9
The basic phases of disaster management
are defined by their temporal relation to the
occurance of hazard events:
Establish the
Context
Figure 3: Strategies of risk treatment (S. KOLLARITS et al. 2007)
Preparedness
Preparedness is the phase of planning activities
with a long-term view on risk management.
Activities within this phase aim at the reduction
of vulnerability (to negative consequences from
hazardous events) and at the reduction
of hazard potential and exposure to hazards.
WISNER et al. (2003²) have defined vulnerability
as being dependent (inversely) on
• the capacity to anticipate
• the capacity to cope with
• the capacity to resist and
• the capacity to recover from
an extreme event.
Response
Response is the phase of reaction to an
ongoing or impeding (potentially) disaster
event with a short-term view on risk
management. Activities within this phase relate
to the emergency operation during the impact
of a disaster and the short-term aftermath.
The main emphasis is on the saving of human
life but it also encompasses the protection of
assets, the supply of vital goods and services,
and protection of environment.
Hazard
Identification &
Characterisation
Risk (components)
analysis
Risk evaluation
Risk treatment
Figure 5: Risk management
overview (adapted from
Australian/New Zealand
Standard on Risk Management).
Situations
and Measures
The identification and assessment of situations
is a primary prerequisiste in risk management.
In all phases of risk management situations
have to be assessed with a maximum of
reliability in order to identify the appropriate
measures for risk management.
Situations are social objects, which are the
setting for at least one event. Situations
provide the link for both social regulations
(norms) as well as for actions (measures).
Social norms aim at regulating situations, while
measures are directly linked to situations.
Measures can be permanent even if the goal
has been achieved. Measures have a goal as
part and define roles and tasks necessary to
reach the goal.
A scenario can be seen as a pre-defined course
of situations, so measures can be attached
to scenarios as well. The main scenarios and
measure alternatives within risk management
are described in figure 6 below.
Within risk management situations can
be categorized broadly into general risk related
situations and those situations, where
predefined measures can be attached (action
related situations).
Figure 4: Risk management cycle (adapted from PLANALP)
Recovery
Recovery is the phase of restoring the affected
area to its previous state, in terms of conditions
of life, infrastructure, communication and
social organisation. Activities related to recovery
phase primarily involve rebuilding destroyed
property, re-employment, and the repair of
other essential infrastructure.
Within each phase of risk management –
and actually within almost each activity of risk
management – a process from risk screening
to risk risk treatment is being carried out.
Figure 6: Linking risk and emergency terms (A. CORSINI)
on terms
A situation describes the
perceived part of reality which is
the basis for action.
Measure is the final (eventlike)
plan, which is oriented
specifically at providing solutions
for one known problem situation.