Frontier Vietnam Environmental Research Law in Bai Tu Long Bay ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Frontier-Vietnam Environmental Research Report 27 APPENDIX III INTRODUCTION TO BIODIVERSITY PRESENTATION Dr. Nguyen Cu What is biodiversity The word bio-diversity means the abundance of life on the earth. It includes all the gene sources, the species and the eco-systems that we are one part of. Bio-diversity is a concept which says the abundance level of nature, all the natural resources were made by all the forms of life on the earth which present in those levels: • Diversity in gene source and genotype of each species in the biological world • Diversity in species: • Diversity in ecosystems and habitats. The value of bio-diversity • Supply food, energy, medicine…for people • Play a vital role in economic of all the world as well as each country • Ensure foods safety, all the main food plants need the new gene resources from the wild plants. Not only that but the oceans and lakes also supply about 100 million tones of its products per year. • Ensure the health of people, there are about 119 agents which were taken from 90 species of plant for medicinal purpose, 80% population in those developing countries in the world are using medicinal plants to take of their health. • Bio-diversity is very important for the entertainment and tourism as well like eco-tourism… • Bio-diversity take part in protecting the native culture. In general, bio-diversity has an unchangeable value in culture as well as in education and the most important thing is bio-diversity is the basic of our life, specially in science, agriculture, industry and medicine. The loss of bio-diversity in the world is really serious, we have only known about 1,4 million species compare with 5-30 million species( approximate) on the earth, right now. If there are about 10 million species of fauna and flora on the earth, with the situation like now, each year we should loss 50.000 species( 137 species a day and 8 species an hour). Cause The main reason of this situation is the habitat of species is over curtailing, separating or exploiting day by day and once more reason is pollution( food, water and habitat…). All that reason come from population situation over increasing and the knowledge about bio-diversity of almost people in the world, specially in those developing countries, are very poor. Human now aware that the loss of bio-diversity is increasing and we know that it’s impossible to re-create the species which were disappeared. Law enforcement workshop: Bai Tu Long Bay: 162/10/022 18
Frontier-Vietnam Environmental Research Report 27 Bio-diversity in Viet Nam - The diversity of climate and terrain created the abundance of nature in Viet Nam. There were many type of tropical eco-systems established, they include types of forest which distributed in different heights or in tidal zones along sea banks with the abundance of fauna and flora in that. Flora and vegetational resource There are about 800 species of weed, 2000 species of alga, 6000 species of fungus which were discovered in Viet Nam right now. According to the scientists, there are about 12000 species of vegetation in Viet Nam, 2300 species are using for food,wood,oil,medicine…Vegetation in Viet Nam is high in endemicity, no endemic family but 3% genus and 40% species are endemic( Thai Van Trung, 1970). There are about 33% vegetational species in the North of Viet Nam concentrated in Hoang Lien Son mountain, rain forest in the North of Centre of Viet Nam, Ngoc Linh mountain and Lam Vien highland. Many local endemic species only met in a narrow area with a poor amount because the forests there were curtailed into many small areas or over exploited. Due to structural characteristic so normally there’s no predominant specie in all types of rainforest, that is the reason why rain-forests become very poor when it was exploited with a high intensity. This situation happened with those economic species like: Afzelia xylocarpa, Sindora sianensis, Morinda officinalis, Glyptostrobus pensilis, Cupessus terbulosa, Calocedrus macrolepis… Fauna and Animal resource. The fauna in Viet Nam is really plentiful, 472 species of fresh-water fish, 2000 species of salt-water fish, 275 species of mammal, 828 species of bird, 180 species of reptile, 80 species of amphibian… were discovered. Not only abundant in species composition but there are also some special characteristics which represent for the fauna in South East Asia. Like the flora, the fauna in Viet Nam has some endemic species, discovered 100 species and sub-species of bird, 78 species and sub-species of mammal, 60 species of fresh-water fish …are endemic. Some of bird species wre discovered recently(1996-2001) like: Garrulax ngoclinhensis, G.konkakinhensis and Actinodura sodangorum… Specially, there are four new mamal species just discovered : Pseudoryx nghetinhensis (1992), Megamuntiacus vuquangensis (1993), Muntiacus truongsonensis (1996) and Pseudonovibos spiralis ( ). According to MacKinnon J’s report(1986) Viet nam has a rich specie composition and high endemicity in Indochina area, for example: there are 21 species of monkey in Indochina, 17 species of them are in Viet nam and 7 species in that are endemic. Specie group In Viet Nam(SV) In the world(sw) SV/SW (%) Mammal 276 4000 6.8 Bird 800 9040 8.8 Reptile 180 6300 2.9 Amphibian 80 4184 2.0 Fish 2470 19000 3.0 Vegetation 7000 220000 3.2 The average ratio in bio-diversity in all the world is 6.2%, for sure that there are a lot of animal and vegetation species in Viet nam which haven’t been discovered yet. Law enforcement workshop: Bai Tu Long Bay: 162/10/022 19
Page 1: Frontier Vietnam Environmental Rese
Page 4 and 5: Frontier-Vietnam Environmental Rese

Frontier Vietnam Environmental Research Law in Bai Tu Long Bay ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?