Frontier Vietnam Environmental Research Law in Bai Tu Long Bay ...

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Frontier-Vietnam Environmental Research Report 27 - Plant plankton - Sea weed - Zooplankton - Sea worm - Crustacean - Invertebrate - Echinoderm - Coral - Reef fish Co To Cat Ba 127 180 74 70 54 97 3 78 15 76 69 280 3 13 114 163 45 34 Mangrove ecology There are 15x10 6 ha of mangrove on the earth, 6 millions ha of mangrove are found in Asia. Mangrove ecology play a vital role to the sea and coastal: -Supplying products from aquatic fauna and flora. -Guarantees important conditions for the existence and development of all aquatic species -Protecting sea banks from eroding -Habitats for many species -Good for eco-tourism. Mangrove in Viet Nam Before the war, mangrove area in Viet Nam were about 400,000 ha, included 250,000 ha in the South (P.Maurand,1943). Since 1975 to now, mangrove area have changing by the war, and through economic development. Following some survey documents, there are only 100,000 ha of mangrove in Viet nam now but not many virgin mangroves remain. There are about 31,000 ha of mangrove in Quang Ninh and Hai Phong sea areas: -Bach Dang river: 20,000 ha -Ha Long: 380 ha -Tien Lang: 790 ha Table 2: Mangrove fauna and flora in Quang Ninh- Hai Phong Group Number of species % Number of family - Sea weed 16 3,2 7 - Grass 3 0,5 2 - Salt water trees 36 7,4 24 - Benthos 306 62,1 95 - Fish 90 18,3 55 - Reptile 5 1,0 1 - Bird 37 7,5 Sea grass ecology Law enforcement workshop: Bai Tu Long Bay: 162/10/022 26
Frontier-Vietnam Environmental Research Report 27 Species of sea grass develop at depths of around 6m in coast areas and around islands. They are a very important part of coastal ecology with functions such as: supplying nutrition for human, food, habitats, and breeding areas for aquatic species. Sea grass also protects sea banks from eroding. In Viet nam, there haven’t been any research programmes on sea grass ecology however, in 1954, while doing some surveys about sea weed in Nha Trang, a scientist called Dawson described 4 species of sea grass. Kalugina and his survey team mentioned 2 species of sea grass in 1998. A Vietnamese scientist, Nguyen Van Tien mentioned a further 5 species of sea weed in his survey report in Hai Phong. Following survey results, 662 species of sea weed were identified, for example: 77 species of Cyanophyta, 309 species of Rhodophyta, 124 species of Phaeophyta, 152 species of green sea weed. There are 11 species of sea grass identified and they distributed in Quang Ninh-Hai Phong sea areas. III. Benefit of Marine products 1. General characteristics of Marine Fish in Viet nam Viet nam’s marine area located in the tropical-monsoon area, some fish species here are endemic for tropical sea fish in some characteristics. Size Sea fish species in Viet Nam aren’t particularly large, most of them being less than 200 mm length. They can be divided into four groups listed below: • Group 1: 100 mm, includes: Du specie, Luong specie, Mien Sanh specie, Cang specie, Trac species… • Group 3: >200 mm, includes: Hong specie, Kem specie, Moi species … • Group 4: >500 mm, includes: Thu specie, Dua species … Life-span Marine fish species in Viet Nam have a short life, in the inshore areas between 1-3 years and in offshore areas between 4-5 years. Growth rate Because of the short life the growth rate of fish species is fastest in the first year and reduces in subsequent years. Breeding Sea fish species breed all the time in Viet-Nam however the main breeding season for most of fish species is from March to June. In the Center and the South, breeding season is longer, from February to December. Law enforcement workshop: Bai Tu Long Bay: 162/10/022 27
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Frontier Vietnam Environmental Research Law in Bai Tu Long Bay ...

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