Frontier Vietnam Environmental Research Law in Bai Tu Long Bay ...

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Frontier-Vietnam Environmental Research Report 27 I. General Concepts APPENDIX IV MARINE LIFE: RESOURCES AND THREATS Mr. Nguyen Van Chiem- Ministry of Fisheries, Hanoi What is biodiversity Bio-diversity refers to the abundance of life on the earth, from the animal to the bacteria and virus. Bio-diversity is present in three aspects: - Heredity-diversity: the abundance in volume and the diversity of genes in each community or individuality. -Specie-diversity: the richness, volume and abundance of species in the eco-system. -Eco-diversity: the abundance of status and form in the eco-systems that cannot be replaced because of its importance, such as: a)Economic Value: Diversity is a natural resource which guarantees human existence and development. b)Ecological and Environmental Value: Heredity-diversity plays a vital role in controlling climate, cleaning air and water, protecting land and preventing disease. c)Aesthetic Value: Creating landscapes of aesthetic interest and beauty. Marine bio-diversity Marine bio-diversity has a large variety of fauna and flora compared with other parts of the global bio-sphere, diverse from bacteria and plankton to marine mammals. With the such potential within marine biodiversity, oceans and sea are treated as the cradle of life in the past and as the hope of humans in the future. Many coastal countries including Viet-Nam are exploiting this potential in surrounding oceans and seas for economic benefit. The 21 st century will be see oceans and seas become an increasing economic priority for many nations but also a growing conservation priority as well. What is a food chain To explain about the existence and development of all species, a concept called the ”food chain” is used. Each creature has two responsibilities: to be responsible to other species in the community (supply food, create biotic-environment…) and maintain its own race. Responsibility to other species is arranged in a certain order called a “food chain “. “Food chain” in oceans and sea could be arranged as below: Law enforcement workshop: Bai Tu Long Bay: 162/10/022 24
Frontier-Vietnam Environmental Research Report 27 1- First nutrition group: producer creature, include: plankton species … 2- Second nutrition group: herbivore, include: plankton, benthos, Dugong … 3- Third nutrition group: carnivore, include: invertebrate groups, fish species and coral… 4- Fourth nutrition group: omnivores 5- Final nutrition group: decomposers II. Typical marine and coastal eco-systems Coral Eco-systems Coral reefs are distributed in tropical and sub-tropical sea areas, and limited from latitude 30 o 00’N to 30 o 00’S, in water temperatures between 18-40 o , salinity 32-42%, high clarity and between 0-30m depth and occupying 0.1% area of the earth’s surface (Smith, 1978). Coral reef has three basic functions: -Accumulating nutrition -Creating habitats for a huge variety aquatic species -Protecting land from erosion Potential and benefits from coral in Viet Nam A full report on coral reefs has yet to be completed for Viet-Nam. There are approximately 40,000ha coral reef distributed inshore, including 2000ha in the Gulf of Tonkin. This can be found offshore in Bai Tu Long and Ha Long archipelago, Cat Ba, Co To, Long Chau, and Bach Long Vi island. Coral distributed with a high coverage in some areas: Co To, Ba Mun, Sau Nam, South East Cat Ba, Big Long Chau, Bach Long Vi, and Con Co. -Value of coral reef: following Chou Loke Ming’s report, 1992 (Singapo) one coral reef in Pacific ocean containing at least 3000 different species. -Economic Benefits of aquatic products 1. Fish : there are 10 species of food and 400 ornamental fish species in a coral reef. 2. Invertebrate: there are many species but only 13 typical species which could be used for food, medicine… 3. Crustacean: 7 economic species of lobster 4. Echinoderm: 9 species but the most importance species are sea cucumber and sea toad, they are being exploited to export. 5. Coelenterate : 57 species, specially are Cophea cornifera and Anthipathen dichotoma 6. Sea weed: the most important one is Sargassum ssp . 7. Reptile: turtle Table 1: Suvey result in Cat Ba and Co To Family Number of species Law enforcement workshop: Bai Tu Long Bay: 162/10/022 25
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Frontier Vietnam Environmental Research Law in Bai Tu Long Bay ...

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