01.02.2015 Views

THE OTTO CYCLE: FROM CHEMICAL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY

THE OTTO CYCLE: FROM CHEMICAL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY

THE OTTO CYCLE: FROM CHEMICAL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Colin L. Detweiler<br />

Hal T. Hamilton Jr.<br />

[20] “Benzene.” United States Environmental Protection<br />

Agency, 2012. EPA.gov. Web. 4 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[21] “Special timeline: Leaded gasoline.” Environmental<br />

History Timeline, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[22] Taylor, Robert, and Zac Gethin-Damon. “Countries<br />

where Leaded Petroleum is Possibly Still Sold for Road Use<br />

As at 17th June 2011.” The LEAD Group, 2011. Web.<br />

<br />

[23] “Octane Additives.” Innospec Inc., n.d. Web. 15 Feb.<br />

2013. <br />

[24] “Sulfur Dioxide.” Wisconsin Dept. of Health Services,<br />

2012. Web. 4 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[25] “General Overview: The Greenhouse Effect.” U of<br />

California, San Diego, 2002. Web. 4 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[26] “Country Comparison – Oil – Proved Reserves.” CIA<br />

World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency, 2011. Web.<br />

<br />

[27] “1973-74 Oil Crisis.” Bancroft Library. Regents of the<br />

U of California, 2011. Web.<br />

<br />

[28] “The Catalytic Converter.” Worcester Polytechnic<br />

Institute, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[29] Office of Transportation and Air Quality. “Engine<br />

Technologies.” U.S. Department of Energy, 1 Feb. 2013.<br />

Web. 1 Feb. 2013.<br />

<br />

[30] “How Hybrids Work.” United States Dept. of Energy,<br />

2013. Web. 6 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[31] Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Light-<br />

Duty Diesel Vehicles: Market Issues and Potential Energy<br />

and Emissions Impacts. Energy Information Administration,<br />

2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2013.<br />

<br />

[32] “Biodiesel.” Alternative Fuels Data Center, 2013.<br />

United States Dept. of Energy. Web. 5 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[33] “Ethanol.” Alternative Fuels Data Center, 2013. United<br />

States Dept. of Energy. Web. 5 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[34] Albino, Dominic K., et al. “Food for Fuel: The Price of<br />

Ethanol.” New England Complex Systems Institute, 2012.<br />

Web. 5 Mar. 2013.<br />

<br />

[35] Conklin, James C., and James P. Szybist. “A highly<br />

efficient six-stroke internal combustion engine cycle with<br />

water injection for in-cylinder exhaust heat recovery.”<br />

Energy (2010): 1-7. Web.<br />

<br />

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />

The efforts of Nikolaus Otto, Rudolf Diesel, Joseph Day,<br />

and the other mechanical and chemical engineers who<br />

invented and refined the Otto engine and its variants are<br />

greatly appreciated.<br />

University of Pittsburgh, Swanson School of Engineering 2 April 2013<br />

6

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!